scholarly journals Biochar and Vermicompost Amendments Affect Substrate Properties and Plant Growth of Basil and Tomato

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Huang ◽  
Mengmeng Gu ◽  
Ping Yu ◽  
Chunling Zhou ◽  
Xiuli Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Spad Readings

The suitability of biochar (BC) as a container substrate depends on the BC mix ratio and plant species. Mixes with mixed hardwood BC (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, by volume) and vermicompost (VC; 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, by volume) were evaluated as container substrates on basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Roma’) plants compared to a commercial peat-based substrate (CS). The CS made up the rest of the volume when BC and VC did not add up to 100%. The total porosity of all mixes with BC, VC, and CS (BC:VC:CS mixes) was similar to the control. Mixes with 80% BC had lower container capacity than the control. At 9 weeks after transplanting, the leachate pH of all the BC:VC:CS mixes was higher than that of the control, except for mixes of 20%BC and 5%VC with the rest (75%) being CS (20BC:5VC:75CS) and 20BC:10VC:70CS with tomato plants. The soil plant analysis development (SPAD) readings in BC:VC:CS mixes were similar to or higher than the control except for tomato plants in 80BC:5VC:15CS, 80BC:15VC:5CS, and 80BC:20VC:0CS mixes. Plants in BC:VC:CS mixes had similar growth indexes and total dry weight with respect to those in 100% CS, with the root DW of basil plants in 60BC:15VC:25CS being the highest among all treatments. Therefore, the BC (20%, 40%, 60%, or 80%, by volume) and VC (5%, 10%, 15%, or 20%, by volume) mixes had the potential to replace CS for container-grown plants, with the estimate wholesale price for 80BC:5VC:15CS was only 61.6% that of the control.

scholarly journals Effects of the Morphology, Surface Modification and Application Methods of ZnO-NPs on the Growth and Biomass of Tomato Plants

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1282
Author(s):  
Eneida A. Pérez Velasco ◽  
Rebeca Betancourt Galindo ◽  
Luis A. Valdez Aguilar ◽  
José A. González Fuentes ◽  
Bertha A. Puente Urbina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Application Methods

Benefits of nanotechnology in agriculture include reduced fertilizer loss, improved seed germination rate and increased crops quality and yield. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), at 1500 ppm, on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth. ZnO-NPs were synthetized to produce either spherical or hexagonal morphologies. In this research, we also studied two application methods (foliar and drench) and nanoparticles’ (NPs) surface modification with maltodextrin. The results obtained indicate that ZnO-NP-treated tomato plants significantly increased plant height, stem diameter and plant organs (leaves, stem and root) dry weight compared to plants without NP treatment.

scholarly journals Eco-Physiological Responses of Black Chokeberries as Affected by Applications of Oil Cake

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7601
Author(s):  
Hyun-Sug Choi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa ◽  
Fruit Productivity ◽  
Black Chokeberry ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Foliar Concentration

This study was carried out to examine the optimum amount of oil cake necessary for the desired nutritional status of “Nero” black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot) in an experimental field plot between the years 2018 and 2019. The treatments included 0% (0.0 kg/ha), 25% (4.4 kg/ha), 50% (8.8 kg/ha), 75% (13.1 kg/ha), and 100% (17.5 kg/ha) of a recommended amount of oil cake. The pH in the plots with 8.8, 13.1, and 17.5 kg per ha applied ranged between 7.0 and 7.3, and these values were lower than the values observed on the plots with 0.0 and 4.4 kg per ha applied at the end of July in the years 2018 and 2019, with the concentrations of soil NO3-N and NH4-N remaining low in the off-season. The foliar concentration of total-nitrogen (T-N) was higher for the plants treated with all the oil cake treatments in 2018 and with the oil cake of 17.5 kg/ha in 2019 compared to that of 0.0 kg/ha. The foliar soil plant analysis development values for June and August increased on the bushes treated with 13.1 and 17.5 kg per ha in both the years of 2018 and 2019. The cane diameter, canopy width, and total dry weight were significantly increased by bushes treated with 8.8, 13.1, and 17.5 kg per ha in both years. The fruit yield, harvest index, and percentage of T-N partitioning into fruit were maximized by the treatment with 13.1 kg per ha. An amount of 75% of the recommend application for young black chokeberry may be the prominent application rate in terms of maximized fruit productivity while balancing with the demands of vegetative growth in order to reset the recommended amount of fertilizer.

scholarly journals APLIKASI BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT DAN ROCK PHOSPHATE TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIOLOGI TANAMAN TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-333
Author(s):  
Sherly Meirdania Lestari ◽  
R. Soedradjad ◽  
Sigit Soeparjono ◽  
Tri Candra Setiawati
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Physiological Characteristic ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Fertilizer Combination

Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential nutrients that functions is metabolism in plant. Based on these functions, it indicates that nutrient P has an important role for plant growth and production. However, its availability in soil is very low, which is less than 0.01% of the total P. Therefore, the availability of P nutrients in the soil needs to be increased by increasing the activity of soil microorganisms through the use of phosphate solubilization bacteria. This research is aimed to show the changes in the physiological characteristics of tomato plants through the application of phosphate solubilization bacteria and rock phosphate. Experiment using factorial randomized block design (RBD) which consisted of 2 factors with 2 consultation levels on the first factor (phosphate solubilization bacteria) and 4 levels on the second factor (rock phosphate), and it consist of 8 combinationed of phosphate solubilization bacteria and rock phosphate with 3 replicated. The results showed that the combination treatment of phosphate solubilization bacteria and rock phosphate affected the physiological characteristics of tomato plants, especially on the variables of stomata density, leaf chlorophyll, plant height, plant dry weight, fruit weight and plant P-tissue content in the vegetative final phase. The recommendation of an efficient fertilizer combination to improve physiological characteristics and high yields is use the phosphate solubilization bacteria and rock phosphate 0.69 grams Keywords: phosphate solubilization bacteria, physiological characteristic, rock phosphate 

scholarly journals Induced systemic resistance in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. to root knot nematodes by Benzothiadiazole

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Shamaal S. Mutar ◽  
Farkad A. Fattah
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of Benzol thaidazole-7carbothioic acid-S-methyl ester (BTH or Bion) to induce systemic resistance in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. to root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp in tomato plants 30d after treatments. Results showed that Bion was efficient in inducing systemic resistance to root knot nematodes in tomato plants. Foliage spraying or soil drenching at 50 mgL-1 were superior over the other test concentrations and seed soaking treatments. At this concentration gall index was 2.11 compared with 5 in control. Root fresh weight and root dry weigh were 6.25 and 0.62, 8.40 and 0.70g for treated and control plants respectively. Shoot fresh weight and dry weight recorded 23.60, 2.29, 17.42 and 1.42g for treated and control plants respectively. The number of second stage juveniles penetrating the roots was 51.33 and 114.88 in treated and control plants respectively. Application of Bion at this concentration also reduced gall index to 2.88 compared with 5 in control. At 50 mgL-1 of Bion root fresh and dry weight was 4.68, 0.44 and 21.40, 2.52g compared with 8.58, 0.69, and 26.21, 4.45g in control plants respectively. At this treatment also a significantly less juveniles, 75.55 entered the roots of treated plants compared with 116.66 juveniles in control.

BIOASSAY OF PROLACTIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The response of the pigeon crop-sac to systemically acting prolactin (injected subcutaneously) was evaluated by measuring the wet weight of the responsive lateral lobes of the organ and by determining the dry weight of a 4 cm diameter disc of mucosal epithelium taken from one hemicrop. Of several different injection schedules tested, administration of prolactin in four daily injections was found to yield optimal responses. When compared with a graded series of prolactin doses, measurement of the mucosal dry weight proved to be a better method of response quantification than determination of the crop-sac wet weight with respect to both assay sensitivity and precision. The submucosal tissue of the crop-sac was estimated to constitute about 64 % of the total dry weight of the unstimulated organ and it was found to be relatively unresponsive to prolactin stimulation in comparison with the mucosa. The lipid content of the mucosal epithelium was determined using unstimulated crop-sacs or tissues which showed varying degrees of prolactin-induced proliferation. The fat content of the mucosal epithelial cells increased only slightly more rapidly than the dry weight or the defatted dry weight of the mucosa. Suggestions are made for the further improvement of the systemic crop-sac assay for prolactin.

PHYTOTOXICITY OF WASTEWATER CONTAINING CADMIUM (Cd) USING OLEANDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1231-1238
Author(s):  
Zeki & Ridha
Keyword(s):  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Simulated Wastewater ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Plant Shoots

This study was aimed to investigate the ability of N.oleander to remove Cadmium (Cd) from wastewater. A prolonged toxicity test was performed in a single exposure and run for 65 days with various concentrations of Cd. Plants were grown in sand medium and irrigated with simulated wastewater contaminated with Cd, using different concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 mg/L), which were chosen based on previous preliminary test. The results of physical observation of the plants didn’t show any withering symptoms. The Cd concentration in plants increased, while in water decreased. The results of plant analysis showed that Cd concentration in plant shoots (stems and leaves) was higher than that in roots for almost all exposure doses along the test duration. The concentration of Cd in water decreased significantly from the first week of the test and become (0 mg/l) on day-35 for 10 and 25 mg/l exposure doses, while exceeded the permissible limits for 50 and 75 mg/l exposure doses and were 0.14 and 0.91 mg/l, respectively. Wet weight and dry weight of Oleander decreased with increasing Cd concentration level except for 10 mg/l exposure dose where the plant wet weight and dry weight increased at the end of the test. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and Translocation Factor (TF) was found to be greater than 1, indicating that Oleander is a successful hyperaccumulator for Cd.

Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 468b-468
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Chuhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

Interaction of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Transformed by rapA1 Gene with Pseudomonas sp. 102 Bacteria Resistant to High Cadmium Concentrations as a Basis for Effective Symbiotic Phytoremediation System

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
L.R. Khakimova ◽  
A.M. Lavina ◽  
L.R. Karimova ◽  
V.V. Fedyaev ◽  
An.Kh. Baymiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Government

A Pseudomonas sp. 102 strain, which is highly resistant to toxic effects of cadmium and has plant growth-promoting activity, can significantly increase growth parameters and biomass of tomato plants, including those observed under toxic effects of cadmium. The greatest positive effect was observed in plants transformed with the bacterial adhesin gene rapA1, the product of which is important for colonization of plant roots by bacteria. It was also shown that shoots of transgenic tomato plants accumulated the greatest amount of cadmium during inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. 102. The ability to extract high concentrations of cadmium and accumulate a large biomass under stress opens up prospects for the further use of associative interactions between tomato and Pseudomonas for phytoremediation. phytoremediation, cadmium, tomato, Pseudomonas, inoculation, agglutinins, This study was carried out using the equipment of the Biomika Centre for Collective Use of the Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics (Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences) as part of the government task (project no. AAAA-A16-1160203500284). This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 18-34-20004 and 18-34-00033) and 18-344-0033 mol_a_ved and 34-00033 mol_a).

scholarly journals Assessment of Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Antioxidant Responses of Tomato Landraces to Salinity Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 696
Author(s):  
Reem H. Alzahib ◽  
Hussein M. Migdadi ◽  
Abdullah A. Al Ghamdi ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
Abdullah A. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Antioxidants Activity ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Salinity Levels

Understanding salt tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces will facilitate their use in genetic improvement. The study assessed the morpho-physiological variability of Hail tomato landraces in response to different salinity levels at seedling stages and recommended a tomato salt-tolerant landrace for future breeding programs. Three tomato landraces, Hail 548, Hail 747, and Hail 1072 were tested under three salinity levels: 75, 150, and 300 mM NaCl. Salinity stress reduced shoots’ fresh and dry weight by 71% and 72%, and roots were 86.5% and 78.6%, respectively. There was 22% reduced chlorophyll content, carotene content by 18.6%, and anthocyanin by 41.1%. Proline content increased for stressed treatments. The 300 mM NaCl treatment recorded the most proline content increases (67.37 mg/g fresh weight), with a percent increase in proline reaching 61.67% in Hail 747. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased by 65% in Hail 548, while it relatively increased in Hail 747 and Hail 1072 treated with 300 mM NaCl. Catalase (CAT) activity was enhanced by salt stress in Hail 548 and recorded 7.6%, increasing at 75 and 5.1% at 300 mM NaCl. It revealed a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) at the 300 mM NaCl concentration in both Hail 548 and Hail 1072 landraces. Increasing salt concentrations showed a reduction in transpiration rate of 70.55%, 7.13% in stomatal conductance, and 72.34% in photosynthetic rate. K+/Na+ ratios decreased from 56% for 75 mM NaCl to 85% for 300 mM NaCl treatments in all genotypes. The response to salt stress in landraces involved some modifications in morphology, physiology, and metabolism. The landrace Hail 548 may have better protection against salt stress and observed protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing enzymatic “antioxidants” activity under salt stress.

scholarly journals Halotolerant Microbial Consortia for Sustainable Mitigation of Salinity Stress, Growth Promotion, and Mineral Uptake in Tomato Plants and Soil Nutrient Enrichment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8369
Author(s):  
Chintan Kapadia ◽  
R. Z. Sayyed ◽  
Hesham Ali El Enshasy ◽  
Harihar Vaidya ◽  
Deepshika Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mineral Uptake ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Secondary Roots

Salinity significantly impacts the growth, development, and reproductive biology of various crops such as vegetables. The cultivable area is reduced due to the accumulation of salts and chemicals currently in use and is not amenable to a large extent to avoid such abiotic stress factors. The addition of microbes enriches the soil without any adverse effects. The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions. Salinity treatments comprising Ec 0, 2, 5, and 8 dS/m were established by mixing soil with seawater until the desired Ec was achieved. The seedlings were transplanted in the pots of the respective pH and were inoculated with microbial consortia. After sufficient growth, these seedlings were transplanted in soil seedling trays. The measurement of soil minerals such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, and pH and the Ec were evaluated and compared with the control 0 days, 15 days, and 35 days after inoculation. The results were found to be non-significant for the soil parameters. In the uninoculated seedlings’ (control) seedling trays, salt treatment significantly affected leaf, shoot, root dry weight, shoot height, number of secondary roots, chlorophyll, and mineral contents. While bacterized seedlings sown under saline soil significantly increased leaf (105.17%), shoot (105.62%), root (109.06%) dry weight, leaf number (75.68%), shoot length (92.95%), root length (146.14%), secondary roots (91.23%), and chlorophyll content (−61.49%) as compared to the control (without consortia). The Na and K intake were higher even in the presence of the microbes, but the beneficial effect of the microbe helps plants sustain in the saline environment. The inoculation of microbial consortia produced more secondary roots, which accumulate more minerals and transport substances to the different parts of the plant; thus, it produced higher biomass and growth. Results of the present study revealed that the treatment with microbial consortia could alleviate the deleterious effects of salinity stress and improve the growth of tomato plants under salinity stress. Microbial consortia appear to be the best alternative and cost-effective and sustainable approach for managing soil salinity and improving plant growth under salt stress conditions.

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