scholarly journals Colorectal Cancer and Bone Tissue: Fantastic Relations and Where to Find Them

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2029
Author(s):  
Isabella Gigante ◽  
Valeria Tutino ◽  
Valentina De Nunzio ◽  
Maria Notarnicola
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Bone Markers ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Outcome ◽  
Usual Site

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. There is a need for the early diagnosis of CRC for a better prognostic outcome. It is, therefore, crucial to understand the CRC pathogenesis in all its aspects. In many cases, one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths is the presence of metastases. In this context, an often overlooked aspect is the metastatic tropism, since CRC, like other cancers, is more prone to metastasize some organs rather than others. Beyond the liver and lung, and differently from other types of cancers, a not usual site of CRC metastases is the bone. However, it may assume a crucial role in the development and the outcome of the disease. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the complex relations between bone markers and CRC pathogenesis, suggesting the use of these molecules as potential targets for therapeutic purposes. Different osteogenic molecules, some of whom are growth factors and are implicated in the different osteogenic pathways, have been proved to also be involved in CRC progression. Some of them are oncogenes, while others oncosuppressors, and in a future perspective, some of them may represent new potential CRC biomarkers.

scholarly journals Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in SMAD7 and CHI3L1 and Colorectal Cancer Risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Ahmed Abd El-Fattah ◽  
Nermin Abdel Hamid Sadik ◽  
Olfat Gamil Shaker ◽  
Amal Mohamed Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Cancer Initiation

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancers throughout the world. It represents the third most common cancer and the fourth in mortality. Most of CRC are sporadic, arise with no known high-penetrant genetic variation and with no previous family history. The etiology of sporadic CRC is considered to be multifactorial and arises from the interaction of genetic variants of low-penetrant genes and environmental risk factors. The most common well-studied genetic variation is single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNP arises as a point mutation. If the frequency of the sequence variation reaches 1% or more in the population, it is referred to as polymorphism, but if it is lower than 1%, the allele is typically considered as a mutation. Lots of SNPs have been associated with CRC development and progression, for example, genes of TGF-β1 and CHI3L1 pathways. TGF-β1 is a pleiotropic cytokine with a dual role in cancer development and progression. TGF-β1 mediates its actions through canonical and noncanonical pathways. The most important negative regulatory protein for TGF-β1 activity is termed SMAD7. The production of TGF-βcan be controlled by another protein called YKL-40. YKL-40 is a glycoprotein with an important role in cancer initiation and metastasis. YKL-40 is encoded by the CHI3L1 gene. The aim of the present review is to give a brief introduction of CRC, SNP, and examples of some SNPs that have been documented to be associated with CRC. We also discuss two important signaling pathways TGF-β1 and CHI3L1 that influence the incidence and progression of CRC.

scholarly journals Profile of Colorectal Tumor in Gastroentero-Hepatology Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Husin Thamrin ◽  
Khafidhotul Ilmiah ◽  
Ni Wajan Tirthaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Colorectal Tumor ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Colorectal cancer has became burden in the world.The latest study shows that colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and second most common cancer in women globally. There are difference characteristic of epidemiology in every countries. Moreover, there is no study that represents epidemiology of colorectal cancer in Indonesia yet, especially in East Java. The aim of this study was to describe colorectal tumor profile by age and gender in Gastroentero-Hepatology Center, Dr Soetomo Hospital. This study has received a certificate of Ethical Clearance No.273/Panke.KKE/IV/2015, a descriptive retrospective study. We collected data using medical records, and patients who have been colonoscopy examination and suspected colorectal tumor were included. There were 201 patients, divided to 100 males and 101 females. The peak of incidence was on 51-60 years old group, but on the 31-40 years old incidence of colorectal tumor was increased. The youngest patient was 17 years old. And tumors are more likely develop in distal area, especially in rectum. This study shows a different characteristic profile of colorectal tumor, where tumor is developed at young people and there is no significant difference between male and female for the incidence.

scholarly journals A Complicated Colorectal Cancer Recurrence

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
Anna Marija Lescinska ◽  
Valerija Grakova ◽  
Aleksandrs Malasonoks ◽  
Armands Sivins
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
One Step ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Recurrence

SummaryThe case report demonstrates painstaking, one step at a time multitherapy for the third most common cancer and the third cause of cancer death in western countries – colorectal cancer. Multitherapeutic approach at specialized centers for the treatment of colorectal cancer is the cornerstone for reaching favorable treatment results and prognosis.

scholarly journals Aflibercept in the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. CMO.S7432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Fei Wang ◽  
Albert Craig Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Phase Iii Trial ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
The Us

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the US. In recent decades, an improved understanding of the role of the angiogenesis pathway in colorectal cancer has led to advancements in treatment. Bevacizumab has been shown to improve the progression-free survival and overall survival when combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, and at present is the only antiangiogenesis agent approved for the treatment of this cancer. Aflibercept is a novel angiogenesis-targeting agent, and has demonstrated efficacy in treating metastatic colorectal cancer in a recent randomized Phase III trial. Here we review the role of angiogenesis in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer, strategies for targeting angiogenesis, and the clinical development of aflibercept.

scholarly journals Can technology increase adenoma detection rate?

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1756283X1774631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wee Sing Ngu ◽  
Colin Rees
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Adenoma Detection Rate ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Adenoma Detection ◽  
Flat Adenomas ◽  
Standard Investigation ◽  
Device Technology

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer-related death in Europe and North America. Colonoscopy is the gold standard investigation for the colon but is not perfect, and small or flat adenomas can be missed which increases the risk of patients subsequently developing colorectal cancer. Adenoma detection rate is the most widely used marker of quality, and low rates are associated with increased rates of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer. Standards of colonoscopy and adenoma detection vary widely between different endoscopists. Interventions to improve adenoma detection rate are therefore required. Many devices have been purported to increase adenoma detection rate. This review looks at current available evidence for device technology to improve adenoma detection rate during colonoscopy.

scholarly journals Use of microRNAs in directing therapy and evaluating treatment response in colorectal cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silmara Cristiane da Silveira Andreoli ◽  
Nina Jardim Gasparini ◽  
Gisele Pereira de Carvalho ◽  
Bernardo Garicochea ◽  
Robert Edward Pogue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Regulatory Functions

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Survival and prognosis depend on tumor stage upon diagnosis, and in more than 50% of cases, the tumor has already invaded adjacent tissues or metastasis has occurred. Aiming to improve diagnosis, clinical prognosis and treatment of patients with colorectal cancer, several studies have investigated microRNAs as molecular markers of the disease due to their potential regulatory functions on tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. This review aimed to summarize the main topics related to the use of microRNAs in diagnosis, clinical prognosis and evaluating treatment response in colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Taraxasterol acetate targets RNF31 to inhibit RNF31/p53 axis-driven cell proliferation in colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Tao Tang ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Zi-De Liu ◽  
Youxiang Chen ◽  
Chunyan Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Growth Of Tumor

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Several studies have suggested that taraxasterol acetate (TA) can inhibit the growth of tumor cells. However, to date, it remains unclear how TA inhibits cell growth and how RNF31 functions as an oncogene. We examined the expression of RNF31 in CRC tissue samples via immunohistochemistry and elucidated the function of RNF31 in CRC cells by constructing a cell model with RNF31 depletion. A cycloheximide (CHX)-chase analysis and immunofluorescence assays were conducted to demonstrate that TA can promote RNF31 degradation by activating autophagy. We used the PharmMapper website to predict targets of TA and identified RNF31. CHX-chase experiments showed that TA could facilitate RNF31 degradation, which was inhibited by the administration of chloroquine. Immunofluorescence assays showed that RNF31 protein was colocalized with LC3I/II and p62, suggesting that TA promoted RNF31 degradation by activating autophagy. We also found that CRC patients with RNF31 overexpression had poorer survival than those with low RNF31 expression. The results of the CHX-chase experiment showed that depletion of RNF31 alleviated p53 degradation, which was inhibited by MG132. A series of co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays revealed that RNF31 interacts with p53 and promotes p53 ubiquitination and degradation. A Co-IP assay performed with a truncated RNF31 plasmid showed that the PUB domain interacts with p53. Moreover, the PUB domain is the key structure in the induction of p53 ubiquitination. Our findings reveal a key role of RNF31 in CRC cell growth and indicate a mechanism through which TA inhibits cell growth.

scholarly journals Comparision Of BRAF V600E, COX–2 and p53 As Biomarkers For The Early Detection Of Colorectal Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
Hina Wasti ◽  
Summaya Shawana
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of gastrointestinal cancer. Almost two million new cases of CRC are diagnosed every year, making CRC the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cancer-associated cause of mortality in the world. The onset and development of CRC is induced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors including social, cultural and lifestyle factors. Age is considered as main risk factor for the colorectal cancer, there is remarkable increase past the fifth decade of life. Because of its high incidence and mortality rate worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) has become a global public health problem. Patients with CRC are typically asymptomatic and therefore it is difficult to diagnose disease until advanced stages, where the disease becomes incurable. Early diagnosis and therapy is able to decrease the risk of CRC in this asymptomatic population; however, early diagnosis of CRC remains a challenge in clinical practice. This review article was a comparative study and aims to explore the ability of the selected markers for early diagnosis of colorectal cancers for long term survival. Hence, identification of novel non-invasive diagnostic methods for early tumor detection in CRC is required. Screening of average-risk individuals can reduce CRC mortality by detecting cancer at an early curable stage. There is need for the implementation of new speci?c and more sensitive biomarkers in upcoming future which will improve diagnostic strategies and allowing clinicians to detect CRC cases in the earliest stages of the disease, to improve the prognosis of thousands of patients.

scholarly journals How Medically Favorable Is the Replacement of the Invasive Colonoscopy With Cologuard Non-Invasive Colorectal Cancer Screening?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markella Bibidakis ◽  
Patricia Talarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
True Positive ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
The World ◽  
Medical Health

In 2014, the FDA approved the non-invasive and economical Cologuard test for colorectal cancer diagnosis for people reaching the age of 50, a milestone previously met with the “gold standard” of colorectal cancer diagnosis: the colonoscopy. Though prevention and treatment for the third most common cancer in the world have been heavily researched, the diagnosis has been thought to be set with the colonoscopy, without much room for modifications. To assess the possibility of replacing the invasive and costly colonoscopy with Cologuard screening as the first step in colorectal cancer diagnosis, a retrospective cohort study was done with data collected from a medical health record database of a northeast Ohio hospital. Medical record numbers were matched with age, sex, any personal or family history, and the results of the colonoscopies of 111 patients with positive Cologuard tests. Of the 111 patients, 92 proceeded with the colonoscopy. The sensitivities, or true-positive rates of results, were calculated for groups organized with respect to age, sex, and previous family and personal oncologic history. Since the data is categorical, a goodness of fit chi-square was done for the statistical analysis, resulting in a failure to reject the null hypothesis with χ2=0.09318 and p=6.571. In conclusion, the replacement of the invasive colonoscopy with Cologuard non-invasive screening as the first step in colorectal cancer diagnosis could not be proven statistically significant and, therefore, medically favorable.

UNIVmAb reactive albumin associated hyaladherin as a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Srinivasa Prasad Kolapalli ◽  
Sunil B. Kumaraswamy ◽  
Karuna Kumar Martha ◽  
Anil Thomas ◽  
Shib Das Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Comprehensive Investigation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cancer Tissues

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer; cancer biomarker discovery is important for disease detection and management. It is known that hyaluronic acid and its receptors are ubiquitously expressed in almost all human tissues. Earlier we have shown that a monoclonal antibody H11B2C2, presently known as UNIVmAb, reactive hyaladherin expressed in multiple human cancers mainly using immunohistochemistry. However, the nature of the antigen and its sequence homology are not known. In the current study, a comprehensive investigation was performed to explore the nature of the antigen and its homology using both biochemical and proteomic analysis. Our results showed that UNIVmAb reactive 57 kDa antigen was overexpressed in advanced grade colorectal cancer tissues compared to benign and its adjacent benign tissues. Biochemical investigations including biotinylated hyaluronic acid-pulldown, Immunoprecipitation, HA-oligo competition experiments confirmed that the UNIVmAb reactive 57 kDa antigen is a member of hyaladherin. Further Proteomic analysis showed that the antigen has homology with IGHG1 (Igγ-1 chain C region), IGg superfamily, and is associated with human serum albumin.

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