scholarly journals Deciphering the Long Non-Coding RNAs and MicroRNAs Coregulation Networks in Ovarian Cancer Development: An Overview

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
César López-Camarillo ◽  
Erika Ruíz-García ◽  
Yarely M. Salinas-Vera ◽  
Macrina B. Silva-Cázares ◽  
Olga N. Hernández-de la Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Endocrine Disease ◽  
New Class ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Almost All

Non-coding RNAs are emergent elements from the genome, which do not encode for proteins but have relevant cellular functions impacting almost all the physiological processes occurring in eukaryotic cells. In particular, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a new class of small RNAs transcribed from the genome, which modulate the expression of specific genes at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, thus adding a new regulatory layer in the flux of genetic information. In cancer cells, the miRNAs and lncRNAs interactions with its target genes and functional pathways are deregulated as a consequence of epigenetic and genetic alterations occurring during tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the actual knowledge on the interplay of lncRNAs with its cognate miRNAs and mRNAs pairs, which interact in coregulatory networks with a particular emphasis on the mechanisms underlying its oncogenic behavior in ovarian cancer. Specifically, we reviewed here the evidences unraveling the relevant roles of lncRNAs/miRNAs pairs in altered regulation of cell migration, angiogenesis, therapy resistance, and Warburg effect. Finally, we also discussed its potential clinical implications in ovarian cancer and related endocrine disease therapies.

scholarly journals tRFtarget: a database for transfer RNA-derived fragment targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (D1) ◽  
pp. D254-D260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningshan Li ◽  
Nayang Shan ◽  
Lingeng Lu ◽  
Zuoheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Target Prediction ◽  
Transfer Rna ◽  
Web Based ◽  
New Class ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Graphic Illustration ◽  
Functional Pathway

Abstract Transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are a new class of small non-coding RNAs and play important roles in biological and physiological processes. Prediction of tRF target genes and binding sites is crucial in understanding the biological functions of tRFs in the molecular mechanisms of human diseases. We developed a publicly accessible web-based database, tRFtarget (http://trftarget.net), for tRF target prediction. It contains the computationally predicted interactions between tRFs and mRNA transcripts using the two state-of-the-art prediction tools RNAhybrid and IntaRNA, including location of the binding sites on the target, the binding region, and free energy of the binding stability with graphic illustration. tRFtarget covers 936 tRFs and 135 thousand predicted targets in eight species. It allows researchers to search either target genes by tRF IDs or tRFs by gene symbols/transcript names. We also integrated the manually curated experimental evidence of the predicted interactions into the database. Furthermore, we provided a convenient link to the DAVID® web server to perform downstream functional pathway analysis and gene ontology annotation on the predicted target genes. This database provides useful information for the scientific community to experimentally validate tRF target genes and facilitate the investigation of the molecular functions and mechanisms of tRFs.

The target genes research for diagnosis, therapy and prognosis in cases with ovarian cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 16060-16060
Author(s):  
E. V. Bakhidze ◽  
A. V. Malek ◽  
A. V. Belyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Grade Tumour ◽  
Tumour Differentiation

16060 Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer has one of the worst prognoses among gynecologic malignancies. Molecular genetic analyses of ovarian cancers have uncovered genetic alterations of several genes. Normal tissues were readily distinguished from tumor tissues. These studies identified several genes, such as High mobility group A2 (HMG A2) proteins. The expression of HMG A2 gene is detected in foetal stage of human development and stopped in normal adult tissues. Elevation of the HMG A2 gene expression was shown for several human malignant tumours. Targeted supression of HMG A2 protein synthesis can be one of important directions for anti-tumour therapy in cases of ovarian cancer Methods: The HMG A2 gene expression was searched in 48 flash-frozen samples of ovarian serous papillary adenocarcinoma and 12 samples of normal ovarian tissue. The HMG A2 gene expression was investigated by RNA in situ hybridisation. Results: High and middle level of HMG A2 gene expression was shown in 37 from 48 (77%) ovarian cancer samples. HMG A2 mRNA was not detected in normal ovarian surface epithelium. Low grade tumour differentiation (G3) was detected in 24 cases from 37 (64,9%), middle differentiation (G2) was detected in 12 cases (32,4%) and high grade differentiation (G1) was detected in 1 case (2,7%). Conclusions: HMG A2 high expression is a typical and important feature of serouse type of ovarian carcinoma. High level of HMG A2 gene expression correlate with low grade tumour differentiation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Wnt/β-catenin signalling in ovarian cancer: Insights into its hyperactivation and function in tumorigenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Hong Loan Nguyen ◽  
Rebecca Hough ◽  
Stefanie Bernaudo ◽  
Chun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Wnt Ligands ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
And Function ◽  
Intracellular Mediators

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the deadliest female malignancy. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays critical roles in regulating embryonic development and physiological processes. This pathway is tightly regulated to ensure its proper activity. In the absence of Wnt ligands, β-catenin is degraded by a destruction complex. When the pathway is stimulated by a Wnt ligand, β-catenin dissociates from the destruction complex and translocates into the nucleus where it interacts with TCF/LEF transcription factors to regulate target gene expression. Aberrant activation of this pathway, which leads to the hyperactivity of β-catenin, has been reported in ovarian cancer. Specifically, mutations of CTNNB1, AXIN, or APC, have been observed in the endometrioid and mucinous subtypes of EOC. In addition, upregulation of the ligands, abnormal activation of the receptors or intracellular mediators, disruption of the β-catenin destruction complex, inhibition of the association of β-catenin/E-cadherin on the cell membrane, and aberrant promotion of the β-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity, have all been reported in EOC, especially in the high grade serous subtype. Furthermore, several non-coding RNAs have been shown to regulate EOC development, in part, through the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been reported to promote cancer stem cell self-renewal, metastasis, and chemoresistance in all subtypes of EOC. Emerging evidence also suggests that the pathway induces ovarian tumor angiogenesis and immune evasion. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays critical roles in EOC development and is a strong candidate for the development of targeted therapies.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE ROLE OF MICRORNA IN PITUITARY ADENOMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
I. F. Gareev ◽  
O. A. Beylerli
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
New Class ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
New Evidence

MicroRNAs are a new class of small non-coding RNAs, a length of 18–22 nucleotides that play a decisive role as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Due to the large number of genes, regulated microRNAs, microRNAs are involved in many cellular processes. The study of the impairment of the expression of the target genes of microRNA, often associated with changes in important biological characteristics, provides a significant understanding of the role of microRNAs in oncogenesis. New evidence suggests that aberrant microRNA expression or dysregulation of endogenous microRNAs affects the onset and development of tumors, including adenomas of the pituitary gland. In this review, the significance of some microRNAs in the pathology of the pituitary adenoma will be assessed, as well as data on the study of microRNAs as therapeutic targets and new biomarkers.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Apoptosis-Related Long Non-coding RNAs in Ovarian Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Takeiwa ◽  
Kazuhiro Ikeda ◽  
Kuniko Horie-Inoue ◽  
Satoshi Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Ovarian cancer is a health-threatening malignancy of ovary in female reproductive systems and one of the most common gynecological malignancies worldwide. Due to rare early symptoms, ovarian cancers are often diagnosed at advanced stages and exhibit poor prognosis. Thus, efforts have been paid to develop alternative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the disease. Recent studies have presented that some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play roles in apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells through various mechanisms involved in the regulation of transcription factors, histone modification complexes, miRNAs, and protein stability. Because evasion of apoptosis in cancer cells facilitates to promote tumor progression and therapy resistance, apoptosis regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs may be promising new targets in ovarian cancer. In this review, we introduce the recent findings in regard to the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis-related lncRNAs in ovarian cancer cells.

scholarly journals Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress in Ovarian Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Dan-Ni Ding ◽  
Liang-Zhen Xie ◽  
Ying Shen ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Ying Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Exogenous Factors

Oxidative stress (OS) arises when the body is subjected to harmful endogenous or exogenous factors that overwhelm the antioxidant system. There is increasing evidence that OS is involved in a number of diseases, including ovarian cancer (OC). OC is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, and risk factors include genetic factors, age, infertility, nulliparity, microbial infections, obesity, smoking, etc. OS can promote the proliferation, metastasis, and therapy resistance of OC, while high levels of OS have cytotoxic effects and induce apoptosis in OC cells. This review focuses on the relationship between OS and the development of OC from four aspects: genetic alterations, signaling pathways, transcription factors, and the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, strategies to target aberrant OS in OC are summarized and discussed, with a view to providing new ideas for clinical treatment.

scholarly journals Exploring chromatin structural roles of non-coding RNAs at imprinted domains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Llères ◽  
Yui Imaizumi ◽  
Robert Feil
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Allelic Association ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Chromosome Conformation ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Chromatin Structural ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Almost All

Different classes of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) influence the organization of chromatin. Imprinted gene domains constitute a paradigm for exploring functional long ncRNAs (lncRNAs). Almost all express an lncRNA in a parent-of-origin dependent manner. The mono-allelic expression of these lncRNAs represses close by and distant protein-coding genes, through diverse mechanisms. Some control genes on other chromosomes as well. Interestingly, several imprinted chromosomal domains show a developmentally regulated, chromatin-based mechanism of imprinting with apparent similarities to X-chromosome inactivation. At these domains, the mono-allelic lncRNAs show a relatively stable, focal accumulation in cis. This facilitates the recruitment of Polycomb repressive complexes, lysine methyltranferases and other nuclear proteins — in part through direct RNA–protein interactions. Recent chromosome conformation capture and microscopy studies indicate that the focal aggregation of lncRNA and interacting proteins could play an architectural role as well, and correlates with close positioning of target genes. Higher-order chromatin structure is strongly influenced by CTCF/cohesin complexes, whose allelic association patterns and actions may be influenced by lncRNAs as well. Here, we review the gene-repressive roles of imprinted non-coding RNAs, particularly of lncRNAs, and discuss emerging links with chromatin architecture.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs as New Regulators of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2116
Author(s):  
Sonia Águila ◽  
Ascensión M. de los Reyes-García ◽  
María P. Fernández-Pérez ◽  
Laura Reguilón-Gallego ◽  
Laura Zapata-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Almost All

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are formed after neutrophils expelled their chromatin content in order to primarily capture and eliminate pathogens. However, given their characteristics due in part to DNA and different granular proteins, NETs may induce a procoagulant response linking inflammation and thrombosis. Unraveling NET formation molecular mechanisms as well as the intracellular elements that regulate them is relevant not only for basic knowledge but also to design diagnostic and therapeutic tools that may prevent their deleterious effects observed in several inflammatory pathologies (e.g., cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases, cancer). Among the potential elements involved in NET formation, several studies have investigated the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as important regulators of this process. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that have been involved in the control of almost all physiological processes in animals and plants and that are associated with the development of several pathologies. In this review, we give an overview of the actual knowledge on NETs and their implication in pathology with a special focus in cardiovascular diseases. We also give a brief overview on miRNA biology to later focus on the different miRNAs implicated in NET formation and the perspectives opened by the presented data.

MicroRNAs and their role in hematological malignant diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (52) ◽  
pp. 2051-2059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Gaál ◽  
Éva Oláh
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Oncologic Patients ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Success Of Treatment ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level

MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression at posttranscriptional level. Their target genes include numerous regulators of cell cycle, cell proliferation as well as apoptosis. Therefore, they are implicated in the initiation and progression of cancer, tissue invasion and metastasis formation as well. MicroRNA profiles supply much information about both the origin and the differentiation state of tumours. MicroRNAs also have a key role during haemopoiesis. An altered expression level of those have often been observed in different types of leukemia. There are successful attempts to apply microRNAs in the diagnosis and prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Measurement of the expression levels may help to predict the success of treatment with different kinds of chemotherapeutic drugs. MicroRNAs are also regarded as promising therapeutic targets, and can contribute to a more personalized therapeutic approach in haemato-oncologic patients. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 2051–2059.

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