scholarly journals Aerodynamic Effect of the Gurney Flap on the Front Wing of a F1 Car and Flow Interactions with Car Components

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2059
Author(s):  
Mattia Basso ◽  
Carlo Cravero ◽  
Davide Marsano
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Ground Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gurney Flap ◽  
Aerodynamic Interaction ◽  
Flow Interactions ◽  
Front Wing ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Wing Performance

The design of a racing car needs several aerodynamic design steps in order to achieve high performance. Each component has an aerodynamic interaction with the others and high performance requires a good match between them. The front wing is undoubtedly one of the main components to determine car performance with a strong interaction with the downstream components. The Gurney Flap (GF) is a small appendix perpendicular to the pressure side of the front wing at the trailing edge that can dramatically improve the front wing performance. In the literature, the performance of a GF on a single profile is well documented, while in this paper the GF mounted on the front wing of a racing car has been investigated and the interactions through the 3D flow structures are discussed. The global drag and downforce performance on the main components of the vehicle have been examined by comparing the cases with and without a GF. The GF increases the downforce by about 24% compared to a limited increase in the drag force. A fluid dynamic analysis has been carried out to understand the physical mechanisms of the flow interaction induced to the other components. The GF, in fact, enhances the ground effect, by redistributing the flow that interacts differently with the other components i.e., the wheel zone.

scholarly journals Aerodynamic Interaction Studies on Amphibious Vehicle in Forward and Hovering Flight

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 7391-7412 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vikram ◽  
E. Balasubramanian ◽  
M. Manova ◽  
G. Surendar
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Vortex Formation ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Ground Effect ◽  
Tip Vortex ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Aerodynamic Interaction ◽  
And Performance

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have gained a lot of attention in recent times due to its versatility in deployment for multifaceted operations. The development of amphibious UAVs with inculcating the features of hovercraft and multi-rotor has tremendous impact on military, naval and coastal guard applications. Stability and performance of this kind of vehicle highly depend on aerodynamic interaction of multirotor with respect to various wind conditions. The present study focuses on performing computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis on examining the vortex formation, turbulent regimes, wake region, tip vortex formulation and ground effect.Preliminary flow analysis is performed to determine the angle of attack (AoA) and wind speed on which minimal drag is experienced by the amphibious structure. Further, analysis conducted through varying the relative velocity of the vehicle and changing the speed of the propellers. The pressure distribution across the fuselage and rotor surface predicted the stability of the vehicle. The ground effect is examined through varying the clearance between the vehicle and ground surface with respect to a multiplicity of rotor diameter. CFD analysis results suggested that at 5° AoA and 8.3 m/sec the designed amphibious vehicle yielded superior performance characteristics and stability. 

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Anti-Gouty Arthritis Effects of Sam-Myo-Whan according to Extraction Solvents

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Yun Mi Lee ◽  
Eunjung Son ◽  
Dong-Seon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Extraction Solvents ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Sam-Myo-Whan (SMW) has been used in Korean and Chinese traditional medicine to help treat gout, by reducing swelling and inflammation and relieving pain. This study compared the effects of SMW extracted by using different solvents, water (SMWW) and 30% EtOH (SMWE), in the treatment of gouty arthritis. To this end, we analyzed the main components of SMWW and SMWE, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Anti-hyperuricemic activity was evaluated by measuring serum uric acid levels in hyperuricemic rats. The effects of SMWW and SMWE on swelling, pain, and inflammation in gouty arthritis were investigated by measuring affected limb swelling and weight-bearing, as well as by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, to assess the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and myeloperoxidase (MPO). In potassium oxonate (PO)-induced hyperuricemic rats, SMWW and SMWE both significantly decreased serum uric acid to similar levels. In monosodium urate (MSU)-induced gouty arthritis mice, SMWE more efficiently decreased paw swelling and attenuated joint pain compare to SMWW. Moreover, SMWE and SMWW suppressed the level of inflammation by downregulating proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6) and MPO activity. HPLC analysis further revealed that berberine represented one of the major active ingredients demonstrating the greatest change in concentration between SMWW and SMWE. Our data demonstrate that SMWE retains a more effective therapeutic concentration compared to SMWW, in a mouse model of gouty arthritis.

scholarly journals Ingredients, Functionality, and Safety of the Japanese Traditional Sweet Drink Amazake

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Atsushi Kurahashi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Bowel Movement ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
The Other ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Main Components

The sweet drink amazake is a fermented food made from Aspergillus oryzae and related koji molds in Japan. There are two types of drinks called amazake, one made from koji (koji amazake) and the other made from sake lees, a by-product of sake (sakekasu amazake). The sweetness of koji amazake is from glucose, derived from starch broken down by A. oryzae amylase. The other, sakekasu amazake, depends on added sugar. The main components are glucose and sucrose, but they also contain more than 300 other ingredients. Koji amazake contains oligosaccharides and ergothioneine, and sakekasu amazake has a resistant protein and α-ethyl glucoside, which are characteristic ingredients of each amazake. However, there are also common ingredients such as glycosylceramide. Functionality is known to include anti-fatigue, bowel movement, skin barrier, and other effects on human health. In particular, the bowel movement-improving effects have been well studied for both amazakes. These functions result from ingesting approximately 100 mL per day, but human clinical trials have clarified that this amount has no effect on blood glucose levels and weight gain. In the future, the identification of substances associated with each function is required.

scholarly journals Biofoam of Spittlebug, Poophilus costalis (Walker): Preferential Sites, Temperature Regulation, Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Kitherian Sahayaraj ◽  
Balakrishnan Saranya ◽  
Samy Sayed ◽  
Loko Yêyinou Laura Estelle ◽  
Koilraj Madasamy
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
College Campus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

The foam produced by nymphs of Poophilus costalis on eleven different host plants belonging to eight families on St. Xavier’s College campus in India was studied over five months. The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of these biofoams were investigated. The results revealed that P. costalis preferred Theporsia purpurea and Mimosa pudica for laying their eggs and producing foam, over the other tested plants. P. costalis produce their foam on either nodes or internodes on monocotyledons (30%) (p < 0.05), whereas on dicotyledons, they produce more foam on the stems (63.8%) than on the leaves (6.2%) (p < 0.01). The number of nymphs in each piece of foam from P. costalis varied from 1 to 3 (mean = 1.8 per plant). They produced their foam (5.7 to 45.2 cm) from the ground level on a plant. The length and breadth of a piece of foam ranged from 1.0 to 3.9 cm and 0.6 to 4.7 cm, respectively. The foam tended to be cooler than the environment. Qualitative profiling showed that the foam consists of carbohydrates, including maltose; trypsin; amino acids; protease. The foam was also analyzed using a spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antimicrobial activity of the biofoam was the greatest against Staphylococcus aureus, the growth of which was reduced by 55.9 ± 3.9%, suggesting that the foam could be used as an antimicrobial product. However, no activities were observed against Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans.

Individual Differences in Attention and the Prediction of Flight Criteria

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1335-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gopher ◽  
Daniel Kahneman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Listening Test ◽  
Transient Instability ◽  
High Performance Aircraft

A dichotic listening test was constructed which requires S to monitor a relevant message and to ignore a concurrent message presented to the other ear. The test has promising validity for predicting different criteria of proficiency in flying high-performance aircraft. An analysis of the most valid type of errors suggests that a change in an existing orientation is accompanied by a transient instability of selective attention. Most errors in continuous attention are omissions, which indicate a failure of the listening set. Intrusions, which indicate a failure of selectivity, are rare and their frequency is not correlated to flight criteria.

On the Chemistry of Tetrabenzyl Thiuram Disulfide and Tetramethyl Thiuram Disulfide with Bis (Triethoxysilylpropyl) Tetrasulfide in Silica Compounds

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 876-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Datta ◽  
A. G. Talma ◽  
S. Datta ◽  
P. G. J. Nieuwenhuis ◽  
W. J. Nijenhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Analytical Tools

Abstract The use of thiurams such as Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) or Tetrabenzyl thiuram disulfide (TBzTD) has been explored to achieve higher cure efficiency. The studies suggest that a clear difference exists between the effect of TMTD versus TBzTD. TMTD reacts with Bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) and this reaction can take place even at room temperature. On the other hand, the reaction of TBzTD with TESPT is slow and takes place only at higher temperature. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with mass (MS) detection, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) and other analytical tools have been used to understand the differences between the reaction of TMTD and TESPT versus TBzTD and TESPT. The reaction products originating from these reactions are also identified. These studies indicate that unlike TMTD, TBzTD improves the cure efficiency allowing faster cure without significant effect on processing characteristics as well as dynamic properties. The loading of TESPT is reduced in a typical Green tire compound and the negative effect on viscosity is repaired by addition of anhydrides, such as succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, etc.

Chlorophylls Contents in Echinocactus grusonii Extract

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 1507-1511
Author(s):  
Nipha Chaicharoenaudomrung ◽  
Anant Oonsivilai ◽  
Ratchadaporn Oonsivilai
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Profile Study ◽  
Barrel Cactus

Currently, Golden Barrel cactus extract is formulated in dietary supplements, on account of its powerful weight loss profit and antioxidant activity. Golden Barrel cactus grusonii (Echinocactus grusonii), a Thai cultivar Golden Barrel cactus which is known as the golden barrel Golden Barrel cactus was therefore investigated for total chlorophylls with the aim of developing as a dietary supplement in future. The chlorophyll contents of 3 and 6 years Echinocactus grusonii extracts were evaluated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with a Grace-Vydac 201TP54 reversed-phase polymeric C18 column. The results showed that chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are the main components of Echinocactus grusonii crude extracts also at higher level at age 3 years. It was found that the main chlorophylls contents are chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b at 2.94±0.55μg/ml and 1.63±0.14 μg/ml for 3 years Echinocactus grusonii. In addition, the amount of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b show lower content at 1.11±0.25μg/ml and 0.67±0.01μg/ml for 6 years Echinocactus grusonii. In conclusion, Echinocactus grusonii age 3 years crude extracts showed total chlorophylls contents higher than at age 6 years. The phytochemical profile study of Echinocactus grusonii age 3 years and 6 years crude extracts are planned in the near future.

Stumbling on the rehabilitation gold? Foucault vs. Foucault in San Quentin and beyond

Ethnography ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Paulle
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Prison System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trauma Treatment ◽  
Treatment Model ◽  
Authentic Self ◽  
State Prison ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Central Claim

This article examines GRIP, a rehabilitation program currently spreading through California’s state prison system. While most ‘violent offenders’ come to GRIP hoping to increase chances of parole, this yearlong program with four main components – stopping violence, mindfulness, emotional intelligence, understanding victim impact – is meant to create conditions in which inmates can ‘do the work’ leading to genuine transformation. A central claim is that due in part to the trauma-treatment model GRIP follows, inmates end up ‘stumbling on the gold’ and going through changes (involving recovery of an ‘authentic self ’ rooted in childhood) that helps enable skillful responses even to ‘moments of imminent danger’. Understandably, researchers of such programs may seek theoretical inspiration from the ‘dominant’ version of Foucault. Yet this paper sets out to change the conversation about prisons and rehabilitation in part by demonstrating the utility of the ‘other’ Foucault’s pragmatic recovery of body-based self-disciplining practices and regimes.

scholarly journals Study of acrylamide level in food from vending machines

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naceur Haouet ◽  
Simona Pistolese ◽  
Raffaella Branciari ◽  
David Ranucci ◽  
Maria Serena Altissimi
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Potato Chips ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Vending Machines ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
The City

Acrylamide is a byproduct of the Maillard reaction and is potentially carcinogenic to humans. It is found in a number of foods with higher concentrations in carbohydrate-rich foods and moderate levels of protein-rich foods such as meat, fish and seafood. Acrylamide levels in food distributed in vending machines placed in public areas of the city of Perugia were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Samples included five different categories, depending on the characteristics of the products: 1) potato chips; 2) salted bakery products; 3) biscuits and wafers; 4) sweet bakery products; 5) sandwiches. A high variability in acrylamide level among different foods and within the same category was detected. Potato chips showed the highest amount of acrylamide (1781±637 μg/kg) followed by salted bakery products (211±245 μg/kg), biscuits and wafers (184±254 μg/kg), sweet bakery products (100±72 μg/kg) and sandwiches (42±10 μg/kg). In the potato chips and sandwiches categories, all of the samples revealed the presence of acrylamide while different prevalence was registered in the other foods considered. The data of this study highlight the presence of acrylamide in different foods sold in vending machines and this data could be useful to understand the contribution of this type of consumption to human exposure to this compound.

scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of C-glycosyl-flavones of Iris lactea Leaves by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Chen ◽  
Yu Meng ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Jun Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Plant Resource ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Main Components

Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz. is a traditional medicinal plant resource. To make full use of the I. lactea plant resources, constituents of I. lactea leaves were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and 22 C-glycosylflavones were identified or tentatively identified. Optimal extraction of I. lactea leaves was established via single factor investigations combined with response surface methodology. Then, HPLC coupled with a diode array detector was used to quantitatively analyze the six main components of 14 batches of I. lactea leaves grown in different areas. The results showed the C-glycosylflavones were the main components of I. lactea leaves, and the total contents of detected components were relatively stable for the majority of samples. These results provide a foundation for the development and utilization of I. lactea leaves.

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