scholarly journals Searching for Differences in Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Crude Drone Brood and Royal Jelly Useful for Their Authentication

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2233
Author(s):  
Ewelina Sidor ◽  
Michał Miłek ◽  
Grzegorz Zaguła ◽  
Aleksandra Bocian ◽  
Małgorzata Dżugan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Sugar Amino Acids ◽  
Drone Brood ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Polyphenolic Profile

Drone brood is a little-known bee product which is frequently considered as a male equivalent of royal jelly and is sometimes used as its adulterant. The aim of the study was to compare the chemical composition and biological activity of both bee products originated from the same apiaries (n = 3) limiting the influence of genetic and environmental factors. Moreover, for drone brood study covered testing three stages of larval development (days 7, 11, and 14). The comparison included mineral composition (ICP-OES method), protein content and protein profile (SDS-PAGE), testosterone and estradiol content (ELISA tests). HPTLC method was used to analyze of sugar, amino acids, and polyphenolic profile of drone brood and royal jelly. Moreover, their antioxidant and enzymatic properties were compared. A lot of similarities between drone brood and royal jelly were found in terms of chemical components. However, drone brood was more abundant in iron and manganese, reducing sugars and some amino acids, especially proline, tyrosine, and leucine. It contained more testosterone (especially on the 14th day) and estradiol (on the 7th day). The greatest differences in the enzymatic activities and polyphenolic profile were found. Diastase and α-glucosidase activity were found as specific enzymes of the drone brood. Similarly, ferulic and ellagic acids were characteristic for brood and were not present in royal jelly. The study showed a lot of similar features for both tested bee products, however, some specific markers which can serve to differentiate drone brood and royal jelly were found.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HYPHAL AND SCLEROTIAL WALLS OF SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII SACC.

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Chet ◽  
Y. Henis ◽  
R. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Chemical Components

The chemical components of the sclerotial and hyphal walls of the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. are compared. Sclerotial walls contain a melanin-like pigment which is absent from hyphal walls. They are also higher in non-hydro-lyzable residue, in lipids, and in ash content. In both walls, glucose, mannose, and glucosamine are found after acid hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysates of sclerotial and hyphal walls contain 10 and 13 amino acids, respectively, L-arginine, L-serine, and L-proline being absent from sclerotial walls. The possible role of some of these components in the resistance of the sclerotia to biological and chemical degradation is discussed.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Amino Acid Profile and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Activities of Skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) Roe Hydrolyzate

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Max Robinson Wenno ◽  
Johanna Louretha Thenu ◽  
Martha Loana Wattimena
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Katsuwonus Pelamis ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Ace Inhibitory

Roe has a high protein content and a number of amino acids. The process of removing fat and hydrolyzate with enzymes leads to the breaking of the bonds, so that complex proteins are converted into short chain proteins or peptides and free amino acids. The peptide can act as bioactive and has an effect as antihypertensive, antibacterial, antioxidant and so on. This research was aimed at utilizing processed roes to make hydrolyzate which had previously viewed the chemical composition both fresh and defatted, and to determine the protein profile of the roes from hydrolyzate. The research data were analyzed descriptively,  and the average value and standard deviation were calculated. The results showed that skipjack roes have a fairly complete chemical composition, such as Proximate (protein, fat, moisture, ash, and carbohydrates), with values, respectively 19,19%, 0,67%, 76,32%, 2,51% and 1,31%. It was also found that the dominant amino acid composition of defatted skipjack mature roes is lysine, glutamate and leusine with values, respectively 12.65, 11.20 and 7.72 g/100 g protein and have activity as an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory. The ACE inhibitory activity of Skipjack roe hydrolysates of crude papain enzyme from immature and mature value, respectively 36.62% and 38.82%, while pure papain enzyme from immature and mature value respectively 42.63% and 47.54%. The protein profile of the immature roe hydrolyzate range from 10.88 to 125,80 kDA, while the mature roe hydrolysates range from 10.08 to 125,30 kDa.

scholarly journals Pu-erh tea: Fermentative process as a potentialized of sensory aspects and bioactive profile – a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e3510816999
Author(s):  
Rafaela Julyana Barboza Devos ◽  
Cristina de Araújo Barth ◽  
Aline Dettmer ◽  
Telma Elita Bertolin ◽  
Luciane Maria Colla
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
Fermentative Process

Pu-erh is a fermented Chinese tea with characteristics of mild, woody flavor and dark red color. The preparation of the tea starts from leaves of Camellia sinensis in natura that undergo a drying in the sun. Its classification is given in two categories: a raw tea similar to green tea and a matured tea that is fermented. Matured tea has a higher market value due to the processes involved in manufacturing, especially in terms of aging. Pu-erh has numerous benefits for human health, which are closely related to the bioactive profile of the main chemical components of tea, being polyphenols, theabrownins, flavonols, polysaccharides, amino acids and alkaloids. The increasing introduction of Pu-erh tea in the diet of consumers results in the need to explore information associated with consumption through analysis of the available literature, addressing current scientific evidence. Therefore, the present review sought to elucidate the fermentative process of Pu-erh tea production, its chemical composition, its sensory aspects and health benefits.

The chemical composition of the cell envelope of Streptobacillus moniliformis

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 665-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Knipp ◽  
J. R. Sokatch
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Muramic Acid ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Streptobacillus Moniliformis ◽  
Major Chemical

The chemical composition of the cell envelope of the bacillary form of Streptobacillus moniliformis was investigated to determine if there were any unusual features which might account for the ability of this organism to produce L forms spontaneously. A procedure was developed for the preparation of particles of the cell envelope using sonic oscillation to disrupt the cells. Particles of the cell envelope of E. coli B prepared by this method were comparable to those preparations obtained by other methods. The percentages of the major chemical components of the cell envelope of S. moniliformis were 64% protein, 28% lipid, and 6% carbohydrate. Cell envelope preparations made from E. coli B contained 66% protein, 18% lipid, and 10% carbohydrate. All common amino acids were present in hydrolysates of the cell envelope of S. moniliformis with the exception of cysteine. The monosaccharides detected in hydrolysates of the cell envelope of S. moniliformis were glucose, galactose, heptose, glucosamine, and muramic acid. The amounts of glucosamine and muramic acid (and presumably therefore mucopeptide) present in the cell envelope of S. moniliformis were much less than those amounts detected in the cell envelope of E. coli B. It is suggested that the low content of mucopeptide may be related to the ability of S. moniliformis to produce L forms spontaneously.

scholarly journals Influence of technology on the quality indicators of the composition of drone brood and royal jelly

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
D V Mitrofanov ◽  
N V Budnikova
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Dry Granulation ◽  
Drone Brood ◽  
Technological Methods ◽  
Active Substances

Abstract Drone brood homogenate and compositions based on it are gaining popularity as functional food products and biologically active food additives. It has antioxidant, androgenic, anabolic, sedative, antidepressant, immunotropic, cosmetic and other properties. Royal jelly and drone brood have a pronounced biological activity, as they contain a large amount of decenoic acids, sulfhydryl groups, proteins, peptides and other biologically active substances. The possibility of expanding the spectrum of biological activity determines the relevance of developing a product containing a composition of drone brood and royal jelly. A significant superiority of the safety of biologically active substances in adsorbed drone brood and royal jelly in comparison with lyophilized ones was shown, which indicates the preferred method of stabilizing the combined product. The purpose of the work was to compare two technological methods for preparing a combined product. The first method consisted in the joint adsorption of royal jelly and drone brood, and the second - in separate adsorption and drying, followed by joint dry granulation of the components. It is shown that the differences in the physicochemical characteristics of products obtained by different methods are insignificant. The composition has intermediate values of physicochemical indicators between drone brood and royal jelly.

scholarly journals Nature and Problems of the Fermentation of Oriental Tobacco/Nature et Problèmes de la Fermentation des Tabacs Orientaux

1973 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Arsenyan ◽  
L. Gyuzelev
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Natural Fermentation ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Reducing Substances

AbstractThe study of the nature of the fermentation of Oriental tobacco is of both theoretical and practical importance, as these tobaccos are fermented either under natural or artificially created conditions. The most recent research carried out in Bulgaria for the study of the fermentation of Oriental tobacco is described. The changes in the oxidizing enzymes of tobacco as a function of storing conditions were examined, as were the quantitative changes in the principal groups of chemical components of tobacco such as: protein, free amino acids, alkaloids, volatile bases, brown pigments, reducing substances, soluble sugars and polyphenols, under various conditions of fermentation. The pattern of the alteration revealed by these investigations suggests that the changes in chemical composition during the fermentation of Oriental tobacco are, above all, the result of purely chemical processes. It is concluded that there is no essentiaI difference in the nature of the processes which occur during natural and forced fermentation. By suitable adjustment of the parameters and duration of forced fermentation, it is possible to cause changes in tobacco composition corresponding in character and intensity to those induced by natural fermentation. This theory was confirmed by the results of comparative studies on the alterations in the chemical composition of tobaccos fermented under different conditions as well as qualitative studies on the brown pigments isolated from these tobaccos.

scholarly journals Evaluate the Effect of Using Source of Nitrogen (Soaked Brown Lentils) on Chemical Composition for Marine Microalgae Nannochlorpsis oceanica

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ali M. Abugrara
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microalgae Culture ◽  
Different Levels

Microalgae culture media must be efficient, give high growth, meet micro-requirement, and be available. The effect of different levels of brown lentil infusion and use at [25, 50 and 75%] levels on the chemical composition (protein, carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids) in N. oceanic was evaluated. Compared to the standard F/2 Guillard. The obtained results indicated that the chemical components of N. oceanica were affected by these levels. The highest protein and carbohydrate content and the highest EAA content (55.92%) were obtained using OB3 medium (75% SBL) compared to the control group (100% F/2). The highest biomass production was obtained in OB3 medium. The highest TSFA and USFA were recorded for N. oceanica by the OB3 mean. The present study recommended that it is possible to use microalgae grown on OB3 and OB2 medium as a lipid and protein inducer in aquaculture.

scholarly journals RHAPONTICUM UNIFLORUM: CHEMICAL COMPONENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Даниил (Daniil) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) Оленников (Olennikov) ◽  
Нина (Nina) Игоревна (Igorevna) Кащенко (Kashchenko)
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Asteraceae Family

Rhaponticum uniflorum (L.) DC. is a plant species of the Asteraceae family, widely used in traditional medicine in the Easteren Asia. Currently R. uniflorum is a subject of scientific interest of the chemists, biologists, pharmacologists, and others. This review includes scientific data from 1991 to 2017. The investigation of the chemodiversity of R. uniflorum showed the presence of more than 100 compounds, including sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, ecdysteroids, triterpenes, sterols, thiophenes, flavonoids, amino acids, fatty acids, etc. Ecdysteroids and triterpenes (more than 40 compounds) are the most studied groups of substances of R. uniflorum. The data about the methods of chromatographic analysis of terpenoids and phenolic compounds, as well as the quantitative content of some compounds in various organs of R. uniflorum are summarized in this paper. It is shown that the extracts and some compounds of R. uniflorum possess a wide spectrum of biological activity, including anxiolytic, stress-protective, actoprotective, antihypoxic, anabolic, hepatoprotective, inhibiting PPARγ receptors, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, immunostimulating, antiatherosclerotic, hypolipidemic effects. However, in spite of the known information about the pharmacological activity of R. uniflorum, the data of clinical trials are absent, thereby further investigations of this plant species is necessary.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF METABOLITES OF SPECIES OF THE GENUS ARCTIUM L.

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-57
Author(s):  
Natalia Eduardovna Kolomiets ◽  
Roman Sergeevich Boev ◽  
Lyudmila Vladimirovna Zhalnina ◽  
Valeria Andreevna Tikhomirova ◽  
Denis Radikovich Kashapov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Distribution Study ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

The review summarizes information from the literature on the distribution, study of the composition and biological activity of metabolites, total extracts of plants of the genus Arctium L. of the world flora. In Russia, the roots of three species are allowed to be harvested and used: A. lappa, A. tomentosum, A. minus. To date, the most studied composition of metabolites and pharmacological properties of great burdock. The chemical composition of A. atlanticum, A. debrayi, A. leiobardanum, A. neumani, A. platylepis, A. pseudarctium, A. sardaimionense, A. scanicum, A. nemorosum and A. palladini has not been studied. About 360 substances related to polysaccharides, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, fatty acids, phenolcarbonic acids, tannins, vitamins, lignans, sterols, polyacetylenes, amino acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, macro-and microelements and other were isolated and identified from the studied species. There are only a few publications about pharmacological activity of Arctium nemorosum, A. palladini, A. tomentosum and A. minus, and there is no information for other types. Total extracts and individual compounds of the studied burdock species in the experiment have a wide range of pharmacological activity. The information provided in the review shows that plants of the genus Arctium L., are promising for creating effective medicines. In addition, the fragmentation and lack of information on the composition of metabolites, pharmacological activity of most species of the genus burdock opens up great opportunities for researchers.

STUDY OF CORIANDER SEED OIL (Coriandrum sativum L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Ha Bich Phan ◽  
Thach Ngoc Le
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Coriander Seed Oil ◽  
Coriander Seed

Coriandrum sativum L. belongs to the Apiaceae family, which is cultivated in Dong Nai province, in this paper its seed oil of was studied. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation. We used two methods for activating of hydrodistillation: conventional heating and microwave irradiating. Its physical and chemical indexes were measured. The chemical composition of this oil was identified by GC/MS and quantified by GC/FID. Linalool (75.51-77.21 %), and geranyl acetate (15.64-12.79 %) were the main constituents of the oil which were obtained in 0,32-0.39 % yield. The biological activity of this oil was reported.

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