Impact of Simulated Human Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Bioactive Fraction of Upcycled Pineapple By-Products

Pineapple by-products (peels and stems) from fruit processing industries were evaluated to understand its potential application as a functional food. Therefore, the bioactive compounds of pineapple by-products were characterized for prebiotic and antioxidant activities. A total characterization of soluble carbohydrates profile (simples and complex carbohydrates), as well as polyphenols was performed, after removal of enzymatic fraction from pineapple crude juice, allowing the decrease of proteolytic activity and improving the other biological activities. Results showed that pineapple liquid fraction, from stem and peels, can be applied as a prebiotic enhancer, promoting the growth of five probiotic microorganisms (two strains of Lactobacillus sp. and three strains of Bifidobacterium sp.), as a single carbohydrate source. Moreover, through HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analysis, 10 polyphenols were identified in pineapple liquid fractions, with some expected differences between both evaluated by-products. Gastrointestinal tract was simulated, in a continuous mode to understand the impact of pH changes and gastrointestinal enzymes into pineapple liquid fractions. Results showed a digestion of high molecular weight polysaccharides into small molecular weight tri-, di-, and monosaccharides. There was an increase of samples antioxidant activity through the gastrointestinal stage, followed by the release of specific polyphenols, such as chlorogenic, coumaric, and ferulic acids. The prebiotic activity did not improve throughout the simulation, in fact, the prebiotic potential decreased throughout the different stages.

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Dually crosslinked injectable hydrogels of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]-b-poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) as a wound healing promoter

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/c7tb00848a ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (25) ◽

pp. 4955-4965 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Arvind K. Singh Chandel ◽

Deepika Kannan ◽

Bhingaradiya Nutan ◽

Shailja Singh ◽

Suresh K. Jewrajka

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽

Small Molecular Weight ◽

Injectable Hydrogels ◽

Soft Tissue Regeneration ◽

Isopropyl Acrylamide ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

By Products

PEG-based dually crosslinked injectable hydrogels have been developed through extremely simple chemistry which avoids use of small molecular weight crosslinker, formation of by-products and involved low heat change. The hydrogels are useful for wound healing and soft tissue regeneration.

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Malus baccata var. gracilis and Malus toringoides Bark Polyphenol Studies and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8030283 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 283 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hosam O. Elansary ◽

Agnieszka Szopa ◽

Paweł Kubica ◽

Diaa O. El-Ansary ◽

Halina Ekiert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Protocatechuic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Jurkat Cells ◽

Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽

Array Detector ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Antioxidant Power

Exploring new sources of polyphenols with biological activities that work against human diseases is the target of natural product studies. This study determined the polyphenol composition of the bark of Malus species M. baccata var. gracilis (Rehder) T.C.Ku and M. toringoides (Rehder) Hughes, using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis. The antiproliferative, cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial applications of these extracts, as well as the identified phenol, were studied. The HPLC-DAD analysis confirmed three polyphenols in the extracts out of the 21 screened compounds: protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, and catechin. The major constituents in M. baccata and M. toringoides were protocatechuic acid, at 3.16 and 7.15 mg 100 g−1 dry weight (DW), respectively, and catechin, at 5.55 and 6.80 mg 100 g−1 DW, respectively. M. baccata and M. toringoides bark extracts showed antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, which were attributed to the dominance of protocatechuic acid. The highest antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects were against Jurkat cells. Against MCF-7 and Hela cells, there was necrotic cell accumulation in the early apoptotic as well as the late apoptotic phase. The bark extracts showed noticeable antibacterial effects against Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli. Protocatechuic acid showed comparable results to bark extracts. There were antifungal effects against Aspergillus ochraceus, A. niger, and Candida albicans, and the activities were higher than the commercial reagent. M. baccata and M. toringoides could be considered as a new source of phenolic acids, including protocatechuic acid with anticancer, antibacterial antifungal, and antioxidant-promising effects.

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Innovative biocomposite development based on the incorporation of Salvadora persica in acrylic resin for dental material

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0892705720939167 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 089270572093916

Author(s):

Rihem Chaaben ◽

Rym Taktak ◽

Basma Mnif ◽

Noamen Guermazi ◽

Khaled Elleuch

Keyword(s):

Material Characterization ◽

High Performance ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Dental Restoration ◽

Dental Material ◽

Organic Chemical ◽

Salvadora Persica ◽

Scanning Calorimetry

A novel biocomposite with poly(methyl methacrylate) as resin containing Salvadora persica powders was elaborated. In this study, for the first time, S. persica was used to enhance the bioactive performance of dental restoration materials. Material characterization was carried out both on bare materials and on the elaborated biocomposite (30 wt% of S. persica). X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and high-performance liquid chromatography techniques were conducted to perform material characterization. The obtained results linked to dental material showed the presence of the organic chemical compounds of S. persica, which are responsible for biological activities, and the presence of mineral chemical compounds of S. persica, which are useful for dental applications and health. They also revealed the absence of toxic residual monomers. In addition, they proved the antioxidant activities proof of elaborated composite related to total polyphenol flavonoid content. Finally, they exhibited the antibacterial activity of S. persica and the composite.

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Phenolic compounds and biological activities of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2019-0103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 988-999 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Katarína Kulichová ◽

Jozef Sokol ◽

Peter Nemeček ◽

Mária Maliarová ◽

Tibor Maliar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secale Cereale ◽

High Performance ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Secale Cereale L ◽

Inhibitory Activities ◽

Traditional Bread

AbstractThe rye flour is, together with the wheat flour, the basic ingredient used in traditional bread baking. The rye grain contains many compounds with significant impacts on the consumer. Considering that, various biologically active phytochemicals were determined in extracts from mature grains of 19 rye genotypes (Secale cereale L.). The content of total phenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids and thiols, as well as antioxidant activities and inhibitory activities against trypsin, thrombin, and urokinase were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods. The vanillic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, and t-ferulic acid were analyzed in particular by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The observed differences in the amounts and activities between rye genotypes reflected variations in their genetic background. Rye grain is a remarkable source of specific phytochemicals. Genetic diversity in rye makes it possible to identify individual genotypes that have a unique content and biological activity of compounds deposited in mature grains. One subgroup of rye genotypes had higher values of antioxidant properties and concentrations of polyphenols. Other sub-group had higher proteinase inhibitory activities and contents of polyphenols. The third sub-group contained as though the universal genotypes, i.e. genotypes with average values in nearly all the measured parameters.

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On-Line Hemodiafiltration with Pre- and Postdilution: A Comparison of Efficacy

The International Journal of Artificial Organs ◽

10.1177/039139889702000206 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 81-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

P. Ahrenholz ◽

R.E. Winkler ◽

W. Ramlow ◽

M. Tiess ◽

W. Müller

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Theoretical Description ◽

Convective Transport ◽

Small Molecular Weight ◽

Dialysate Flow ◽

Significant Difference ◽

On Line ◽

The Impact

Since the introduction of on-line substituate preparation, high substituate rates (Qs) in pre- and postdilution for hemodiafiltration (HDF) procedures can be realized. During postdilution HDF (POD-HDF) and additional convective removal is possible, but in vivo Qs is limited to approx. 1/3Qb (bloodflow). With predilution HDF (PRD-HDF) higher Qs and therefore high convective transport rates by ultrafiltration can be reached. On the other hand the blood concentration is diminished by predilution. Further decrease of the diffusive transport is caused by reduced dialysate flow Qd due to separation of the substituate from the dialysate (Fresenius 4008 On-Line HDF, Gambro AK100 Ultra). The theoretical description of the combined diffusive-convective transport is limited to 1-dimensional models and small UF-rates. Therefore for practical and theoretical purposes the assessment of the efficacy of on-line PRD-HDF and POD-HDF in different molecular weight ranges is desirable. By means of in vitro experiments the effective clearances Keff of hemodialysis (HD, dialyzer: Fresenius F60) for urea, creatinine, vitamin B12 and inulin were compared with measured and theoretical Keff of POD- and PRD-HDF. The theoretical expectation is confirmed that Keff for small molecular weight substances decreases slightly with PRD-HDF and increases for larger molecules. In the case of POD-HDF Keff for small molecular weight substances increases slightly and strongly for larger molecules. In vivo experiments were performed to measure the real substance removal from patient's blood and to figure out the impact of dialysate flow (collection of the used dialysate during the 1. treatment hour and concentration measurements for urea, creatinine, phosphate, ß2-MG). The results show that the substraction of Qs from Qd reduces Keff for urea, creatinine and phosphate but not for ß2-MG. PRD-HDF with Qd = 500 ml/min is significantly less effective for small molecules than HD. There is no significant difference of Keff for urea, creatinine, phosphate during HD and PRD-HDF with Qd = 800 ml/min, but a significant increase of 10-15% for POD-HDF Keff for ß2-MG increases by 75% for PRD-HDF and 95% for POD-HDF compared with HD (Qd = 500 ml/min).

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Evaluation of nanofiltration for disinfection by-products control in drinking water treatment

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2001.0119 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 1 (5-6) ◽

pp. 233-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Itoh ◽

S. Kunikane ◽

Y. Magara

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

River Water ◽

High Performance ◽

Membrane Surface ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Apparent Molecular Weight ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Almost All ◽

By Products

DBP control by nanofiltration was studied. Nine DBPs including THMs were selected as target compounds. Reagent DBPs and DBPs formed as a result of chlorination of NOM contained in river water, were applied to nanofiltration to examine DBPs removal. Humic acid was used to investigate DBP precursor control. Nanofiltration was conducted for about one day for each experiment using two 2-inch membrane modules. NF showed high performance for DBP precursor removal but little effect on the removal of DBPs themselves, especially THMs. In the experiment of DBP precursors removal, rejections were 98 to 100 percent for most of the DBPFPs. For NOM in river water, rejections of THMFPs were 96 to 99 percent. This shows nanofiltration is effective even at low concentrations of NOM. Nanofiltration can remove almost all organic substances with the apparent molecular weight of greater than 2,000 daltons. Molecular weight distribution patterns of the permeate were different depending on NF. THMs showed decreasing rejection as filtration proceeded because of adsorption on the membrane surface. THM rejections at 24 hours after filtration started were about 10 and 30 percent in Module-A and B, respectively. Haloacetic acids showed relatively higher rejections. It is recommended, from the viewpoint of THM control, that NOM removal using NF is much preferable to the removals of THM, formed by chlorination, using NF.

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Non-Extractable Polyphenols from Food By-Products: Current Knowledge on Recovery, Characterisation, and Potential Applications

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8080925 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 925

Author(s):

Yubin Ding ◽

Ksenia Morozova ◽

Matteo Scampicchio ◽

Giovanna Ferrentino

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Valuable Compounds ◽

Potential Food ◽

By Products

Non-extractable polyphenols (NEPs), or bound polyphenols, are a significant fraction of polyphenols that are retained in the extraction residues after conventional aqueous organic solvent extraction. They include both high molecular weight polymeric polyphenols and low molecular weight phenolics attached to macromolecules. Current knowledge proved that these bioactive compounds possess high antioxidant, antidiabetic, and other biological activities. Plant-based food by-products, such as peels, pomace, and seeds, possess high amount of NEPs. The recovery of these valuable compounds is considered an effective way to recycle food by-products and mitigate pollution, bad manufacturing practice, and economic loss caused by the residues management. The current challenge to valorise NEPs from plant-based by-products is to increase the extraction efficiency with proper techniques, choose appropriate characterising methods, and explore potential functions to use in some products. Based on this scenario, the present review aims to summarise the extraction procedure and technologies applied to recover NEPs from plant-based by-products. Furthermore, it also describes the main techniques used for the characterisation of NEPs and outlines their potential food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic applications.

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Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Aging Activities of Porcine By-Product Collagen Hydrolysates Produced by Commercial Proteases: Effect of Hydrolysis and Ultrafiltration

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24061104 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 1104 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Geun-Pyo Hong ◽

Sang-Gi Min ◽

Yeon-Ji Jo

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Protein Recovery ◽

Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽

Porcine Skin ◽

Amino Group Content ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

Collagen Hydrolysates ◽

Collagenase Inhibition ◽

By Products

To investigate methods for improving the processing of porcine waste, porcine skin was hydrolyzed using different commercially available proteases (Alcalase, Flavorzyme, Neutrase, Bromeline, Protamex, and Papain) under several optimal conditions. Following enzymatic hydrolysis, the collagen hydrolysates (CHs) were fractionated by molecular weight (3 kDa) via membrane ultrafiltration. The CHs were analyzed for physical properties (pH, protein recovery, free amino group content, molecular weight distribution, and amino composition) as well as for functional properties (antioxidant activities and anti-aging activities). Among the CHs, CHs hydrolyzed by Alcalase (CH-Alcalase) exhibited the highest degree of hydrolysis compared to other CHs. Both “CH-Alcalase” and “CH-Alcalase < 3 kDa” fractions showed a considerably high antioxidant activity and collagenase inhibition activity. Therefore, resulting bioactives have potential for development as antioxidants and anti-aging ingredients in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, from animal by-products.

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Nutritional and Bioactive Characterization of Sicana odorifera Naudim Vell. Seeds By-Products and Its Potential Hepatoprotective Properties in Swiss Albino Mice

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10121351 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1351

Author(s):

Silvia Caballero ◽

Laura Mereles ◽

Alberto Burgos-Edwards ◽

Nelson Alvarenga ◽

Eva Coronel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Quercetin Derivatives ◽

Albino Mice ◽

By Products

The “Kurugua” (Sicana odorifera) is a native fruit that demonstrates attractive nutritional, coloring, flavoring, and antioxidant properties. The main by-products from the processing and consumption of kurugua fruit are epicarp and seeds. In this work, the properties of the seeds of S. odorifera were evaluated. The nutritional composition of the fruit seeds was determined through AOAC official methods and UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling. The antioxidant activities were determined using in vitro methods, and the acute toxicity and hepatoprotective properties were investigated in Swiss albino mice. Quercetin derivatives and cucurbitacins were the main phytochemicals in the seeds’ methanolic extract and demonstrated some biological activities. GC-MS analysis revealed the essential fatty acids linolenic and linoleic as the main compounds present in seeds oil. The methanolic extract significantly reduced the serum levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) in mice with induced hepatotoxicity (GPT p < 0.05; GOT p < 0.001) at the minor concentration tested (100 mg/kg EMSo). The results suggest that the S. odorifera seeds as by-products show potential use as a source of phytochemicals and in the production of oils with application in food supplements and nutraceuticals. Their integral use could contribute to waste reduction from kurugua fruits processing within the food safety and environmental sustainability framework.

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