scholarly journals Regeneration Potential of Jellyfish: Cellular Mechanisms and Molecular Insights

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 758
Author(s):  
Sosuke Fujita ◽  
Erina Kuranaga ◽  
Yuichiro Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Radial Symmetry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Blastema Formation ◽  
Organ Regeneration

Medusozoans, the Cnidarian subphylum, have multiple life stages including sessile polyps and free-swimming medusae or jellyfish, which are typically bell-shaped gelatinous zooplanktons that exhibit diverse morphologies. Despite having a relatively complex body structure with well-developed muscles and nervous systems, the adult medusa stage maintains a high regenerative ability that enables organ regeneration as well as whole body reconstitution from the part of the body. This remarkable regeneration potential of jellyfish has long been acknowledged in different species; however, recent studies have begun dissecting the exact processes underpinning regeneration events. In this article, we introduce the current understanding of regeneration mechanisms in medusae, particularly focusing on cellular behaviors during regeneration such as wound healing, blastema formation by stem/progenitor cells or cell fate plasticity, and the organism-level patterning that restores radial symmetry. We also discuss putative molecular mechanisms involved in regeneration processes and introduce a variety of novel model jellyfish species in the effort to understand common principles and diverse mechanisms underlying the regeneration of complex organs and the entire body.

scholarly journals Nematostella vectensis, an Emerging Model for Deciphering the Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Whole-Body Regeneration

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2692
Author(s):  
Eric Röttinger
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Nematostella Vectensis ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Insight Into

The capacity to regenerate lost or injured body parts is a widespread feature within metazoans and has intrigued scientists for centuries. One of the most extreme types of regeneration is the so-called whole body regenerative capacity, which enables regeneration of fully functional organisms from isolated body parts. While not exclusive to this habitat, whole body regeneration is widespread in aquatic/marine invertebrates. Over the past decade, new whole-body research models have emerged that complement the historical models Hydra and planarians. Among these, the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis has attracted increasing interest in regard to deciphering the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the whole-body regeneration process. This manuscript will present an overview of the biological features of this anthozoan cnidarian as well as the available tools and resources that have been developed by the scientific community studying Nematostella. I will further review our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying whole-body regeneration in this marine organism, with emphasis on how comparing embryonic development and regeneration in the same organism provides insight into regeneration specific elements.

Notch Signaling Pathway: Find New Channel during Liver Repair and Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Valizadeh ◽  
Ali Sayadmanesh ◽  
Zatollah Asemi ◽  
Forough Alemi ◽  
Ata Mahmoodpoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Notch Pathway ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
The Body ◽  
Liver Disorders ◽  
Liver Repair ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

: The liver is one of the significant regenerative organs in the body. Nevertheless, underlying molecular mechanisms regulating liver repair and regeneration following resection or damage remain largely unknown. The Notch signaling pathway is a profoundly evolutionarily well‐conserved cell signaling system that plays mostly in multicellular organisms' development. Malfunctions in this pathway lead to the progression of several liver disorders, including hepatoblastoma (HB), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and so on. Notch pathway plays a fundamental role in cell fate during the embryonic stage's progression to the adult stage in liver tissue. Modulation of Notch signaling may be used in the vast array of patients who succumb to cirrhosis owing to chronic hepatitis by virus infection. This review describes the underlying mechanisms of the Notch signaling pathway in liver development and regeneration briefly and discusses how this pathway leads to better liver disorders in the clinic.

scholarly journals Live cell-lineage tracing and machine learning reveal patterns of organ regeneration

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriol Viader-Llargués ◽  
Valerio Lupperger ◽  
Laura Pola-Morell ◽  
Carsten Marr ◽  
Hernán López-Schier
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Radial Symmetry ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Live Cell ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Organ Regeneration

Despite the intrinsically stochastic nature of damage, sensory organs recapitulate normal architecture during repair to maintain function. Here we present a quantitative approach that combines live cell-lineage tracing and multifactorial classification by machine learning to reveal how cell identity and localization are coordinated during organ regeneration. We use the superficial neuromasts in larval zebrafish, which contain three cell classes organized in radial symmetry and a single planar-polarity axis. Visualization of cell-fate transitions at high temporal resolution shows that neuromasts regenerate isotropically to recover geometric order, proportions and polarity with exceptional accuracy. We identify mediolateral position within the growing tissue as the best predictor of cell-fate acquisition. We propose a self-regulatory mechanism that guides the regenerative process to identical outcome with minimal extrinsic information. The integrated approach that we have developed is simple and broadly applicable, and should help define predictive signatures of cellular behavior during the construction of complex tissues.

scholarly journals Effect of the Opponent’s Appearance on Interpersonal Cognition that Affects User-to-User Relationship in Virtual Whole-Body Interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1029-1042
Author(s):  
Sho Sakurai ◽  
◽  
Takumi Goto ◽  
Takuya Nojima ◽  
Koichi Hirota
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Real World ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Body Interaction

People infer the internal characteristics (attitude, intent, thoughts, ability, relationship, etc.) of others (interpersonal cognition, IC) from the impressions they form from the personality or attributes of those others (impression formation). Studies premised on interpersonal communication in a seated condition have confirmed that, regardless of whether the communication is in the real world or in a media environment, the appearance of the other person affects IC and the outcome of the communication. People also develop relationships based on impressions or images of the other party. The psychological relationship manifests in physical relationships, that is, the relative positions of the body or the movement. In this study, we evaluate the effects of the appearance of the opponent’s avatar on the players’ IC in whole-body interaction taking place in a virtual reality (VR) space. Moreover, we examine the feasibility of constructing a method of changing the players’ relationship in interpersonal interactions that accompany the control and interference of the entire body, “whole-body interaction,” by manipulating their appearances. In this study, we selected the party game Twister as a case model of whole-body interaction and developed a system that allows users to play Twister in VR space. Using this system environment, we conducted an experiment to evaluate the players’ IC based on the gender and realism of the opponent’s avatar. The results showed that differences in the appearance of the opponent’s avatar affected the IC of male players. We also indicated that changes in IC observed in the experiment can affect the players’ relationship, thus identifying issues that must be resolved in order to realize the method.

537 Animal Growth and Development—A Scorecard and Recalibration

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
Dave E Gerrard ◽  
Robert P Rhoads ◽  
Honglin Jiang ◽  
Samer El-Kadi ◽  
Elizabeth R Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Animal Sciences

Abstract The ASAS Public Policy Committee (PPC) provides updates of Grand Challenges (GCs; www.asas.org/about/public-policy/asas-grand-challenges) to clearly articulate research priorities, to provide science-based information for shaping public policy, and to enhance future funding for research and education programs in animal sciences (AS). In this nexus symposium for 2021, PPC examines previous stated priorities and provides a progress report card and offers additional perspectives and recommendations for research needed to address some of the GCs continuing to face animal agriculture. Among the GC topics is growth and development, a rather broad field of inquiry focused on improving the overall growth efficiency of meat producing animals. The genesis of this discipline and its popularity grew mainly in response to heightened efforts by pharmaceutical companies to identify, develop and adopt novel new growth promotants. This included a myriad of work on the highly heralded technologies involving estrogenic and androgenic implants, somatotropin, and beta-adrenergic agonists. Because the potential application of these technologies was so broad, many disciplines within the animal sciences became involved in the process of creating knowledge around these drivers of productivity. In the process, our understanding of how tissues grow in response to these compounds, under a myriad of other conditions, and our fundamental understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating growth and development, expanded significantly. Areas of significant expansion included but were not restricted to: satellite cell biology and myogenesis, whole body and tissue-specific protein synthesis and degradation, growth factor biology, adipogenesis, and repartitioning of nutrients throughout the body. In our quest to increase productivity and product quality, coupled with advances in scientific techniques, long-existing and emerging genetic mutations with desirable traits were studied and mechanisms undergirding their biology began to develop. Applying the most innovative tools for the detailed manipulation of cellular processes, great strides were made during this time. However, this eclectic area of investigation is perhaps more important than ever given the inevitable replacement of growth promotant technologies with new and emerging genomic technologies. Many biological research challenges lie ahead such as applications of gene editing, RNA control, and epigenetic regulation through fetal programming. This presentation will review some of the significant advances made in the growth and development area and explore where significant gains may be possible in the future.

scholarly journals Glucose Metabolism and Dynamics of Facilitative Glucose Transporters (GLUTs) under the Influence of Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaheer Abbas ◽  
Abdul Sammad ◽  
Lirong Hu ◽  
Hao Fang ◽  
Qing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Glucose Transporters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Energetic Metabolism

Heat stress is one of the main threats to dairy cow production; in order to resist heat stress, the animal exhibits a variety of physiological and hormonal responses driven by complex molecular mechanisms. Heat-stressed cows have high insulin activity, decreased non-esterified fatty acids, and increased glucose disposal. Glucose, as one of the important biochemical components of the energetic metabolism, is affected at multiple levels by the reciprocal changes in hormonal secretion and adipose metabolism under the influence of heat stress in dairy cattle. Therefore, alterations in glucose metabolism have negative consequences for the animal’s health, production, and reproduction under heat stress. Lactose is a major sugar of milk which is affected by the reshuffle of the whole-body energetic metabolism during heat stress, contributing towards milk production losses. Glucose homeostasis is maintained in the body by one of the glucose transporters’ family called facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs encoded by SLC2A genes). Besides the glucose level, the GLUTs expression level is also significantly changed under the influence of heat stress. This review aims to describe the effect of heat stress on systemic glucose metabolism, facilitative glucose transporters, and its consequences on health and milk production.

EU Directive on Physical Agents — Vibration

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
P L Pelmear ◽  
D K N Leong
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Whole Body Vibrations ◽  
The Eu

Vibrations that arouse human health concerns are classified into two main categories: (1) hand-arm vibrations (HAV) and (2) whole-body vibrations (WBV). Hand-transmitted vibration from a power or impact tool affects the upper extremities of the body. WBV affects the entire body and is transmitted from a vibrating seat, bed or floor to a person who is in a sitting, Iying or standing position. The EU Directive April 5, 2002 provides exposure limit and action values for both HAV and WBV. These values have taken into consideration recent advances in knowledge and the political judgment of the Member States so are at variance with the present Health and Safety Executive (HSE) values and the ACGIH TLVs. This paper reviews the development of international standards for vibration and the requirements of the EU Directive.

scholarly journals Mathematical Models for Cholesterol Metabolism and Transport

Processes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Fangyuan Zhang ◽  
Brittany Macshane ◽  
Ryan Searcy ◽  
Zuyi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Cholesterol is an essential component of eukaryotic cellular membranes. It is also an important precursor for making other molecules needed by the body. Cholesterol homeostasis plays an essential role in human health. Having high cholesterol can increase the chances of getting heart disease. As a result of the risks associated with high cholesterol, it is imperative that studies are conducted to determine the best course of action to reduce whole body cholesterol levels. Mathematical models can provide direction on this. By examining existing models, the suitable reactions or processes for drug targeting to lower whole-body cholesterol can be determined. This paper examines existing models in the literature that, in total, cover most of the processes involving cholesterol metabolism and transport, including: the absorption of cholesterol in the intestine; the cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver; the storage and transport of cholesterol between the intestine, the liver, blood vessels, and peripheral cells. The findings presented in these models will be discussed for potential combination to form a comprehensive model of cholesterol within the entire body, which is then taken as an in-silico patient for identifying drug targets, screening drugs, and designing intervention strategies to regulate cholesterol levels in the human body.

scholarly journals In Search Of Place

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody Taghi-Poor
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Basic Definition ◽  
Physical Location ◽  
Basic Orientation ◽  
Five Senses ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Embodied Memory ◽  
Comprehensive Discussion

The following thesis will explore the contemporary meaning of ‘Place’ and the lost relationship between human sensitivity -both emotional and physical- and the setting, which together would form the very definition of a place, and will make an attempt to re-define this relationship. By returning to the basic definition of place, this paper emphasizes the fact that place without memory is simply space without meaning and that unlike places of our time that put little emphasis on the embodied memory, memory of place is experienced through not only mind but also the entire body. The paper will take a bottom-up approach where ‘Space’ as a fundamental element of ‘Place’ and its transformation to place is discussed. There will be a comprehensive discussion on place itself and the role and ability of embodied memory in creation of place. Each section will make an effort to consider the current circumstances of ‘Place’ and how they might be transformed to establish a relationship between embodied memory of space and the physical location. Here, senses, movement and basic orientation of the body will be discussed as elements empowering the embodied memory and having the ability to transform spaces–or non-places- of our time into place. Movement if not one of our five senses, inspires us to engage our whole body; we see, touch and smell what surrounds us, and also understand the setting in the sense that we engage or interact with it. The design project will explore the act of movement as the fundamental element of forming embodied memory of ‘Space’ and transforming it into ‘Place’. Element of path, which links two significant nodes - one known as a place and another a non-place- will be incorporated to represent the act of movement and its impact on creation of a ‘Place’.

scholarly journals Tissue Regeneration without Stem Cell Transplantation: Self-Healing Potential from Ancestral Chemistry and Physical Energies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Facchin ◽  
Eva Bianconi ◽  
Silvia Canaider ◽  
Valentina Basoli ◽  
Pier Mario Biava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Mechanical Vibrations

The human body constantly regenerates after damage due to the self-renewing and differentiating properties of its resident stem cells. To recover the damaged tissues and regenerate functional organs, scientific research in the field of regenerative medicine is firmly trying to understand the molecular mechanisms through which the regenerative potential of stem cells may be unfolded into a clinical application. The finding that some organisms are capable of regenerative processes and the study of conserved evolutionary patterns in tissue regeneration may lead to the identification of natural molecules of ancestral species capable to extend their regenerative potential to human tissues. Such a possibility has also been strongly suggested as a result of the use of physical energies, such as electromagnetic fields and mechanical vibrations in human adult stem cells. Results from scientific studies on stem cell modulation confirm the possibility to afford a chemical manipulation of stem cell fate in vitro and pave the way to the use of natural molecules, as well as electromagnetic fields and mechanical vibrations to target human stem cells in their niche inside the body, enhancing human natural ability for self-healing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document