scholarly journals Comparative Study on Lead and Copper Biosorption Using Three Bioproducts from Edible Mushrooms Residues

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Nathália R. C. M. Castanho ◽  
Renan A. de Oliveira ◽  
Bruno L. Batista ◽  
Bruna M. Freire ◽  
Camila Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Metallic Contaminants ◽  
Pollutants Removal ◽  
Substrate Medium

Agricultural waste products can be used as biosorbents for bioremediation once they are low-cost and high-efficient in pollutants removal. Thus, waste products from mushroom farming such as cutting and substrate of Lentinula edodes (popularly known as shiitake) and Agaricus bisporus (also known as champignon) were evaluated as biosorbents for metallic contaminants copper (Cu) and lead (Pb). Shiitake and champignon stalks, and shiitake substrate (medium in which shiitake was cultivated) were dried, grounded, characterized and experimented to remove Cu and Pb from contaminated water. The Sips model was used to establish the adsorption isotherms. Regarding Cu, champignon stalks have the best removal efficiency (43%), followed by substrate and stalks of shiitake (37 and 30%, respectively). Pb removals were similar among three residues (from 72 to 83%), with the champignon stalks standing out. The maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) for Cu in shiitake and champignon stalks were 22.7 and 31.4 mg/g−1, respectively. For Pb, qmax for shiitake and champignon stalks, and shiitake substrate were 130.0, 87.0 and 84.0 mg/g−1, respectively. The surface morphology of the champignon stalks revealed an organized and continuous structure. After an interaction with metals, the stalk of champignon accumulated the metal ions into interstices. Mushroom residues showed a relevant adsorption efficiency, especially for Pb. Mushroom farming waste are a very low-cost and promising alternative for removing toxic heavy metals from aquatic environment.

Bacterial Induced Cementation Processes and Mycelium Panel Growth from Agricultural Waste

2015 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Mayoral González ◽  
Isabel González Diez
Keyword(s):  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Thermal Insulating ◽  
Milling Machines ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
To Come

This researching work explores the development of new materials and procedures to tackle the configuration of our built environment through the implementation of low-cost biotechnological processes. Particularly, it focuses on two different researching lines: bacterial induced cementation processes and mycelium panel growth from agricultural waste.The first researching line explores the possibilities that MICP (Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation) shows to improve the engineering properties of granular structures. MICP uses populations of non-harmful bacteria, such as Sporosarcina pasteurii, able to cement sand, silt, or calcarenite, in a growth medium, amended with urea and dissolved calcium source. This researching is mainly grounded on laboratory work. Its main aim is to find out the best conditions to cultivate populations of cementing bacteria and to achieve suitable proportions of urea, bacteria and calcium chloride, in relation to the weight of sand-like granular samples; to come out with effective cementing solutions. These solutions could be used to improve soil stability, to heal concrete cracks, to build roads and paths, to restore monuments, to transform sand into sandstone, etc.The second researching line consists of obtaining 100% organic and biodegradable thermal insulating structures, growing fungi mycelium on agricultural waste. In order to do that, several fungi species were grown on different kinds of agricultural substrates to find out which combination worked better. Therefore, several mycelium growth tests were carried out inside molds that were previously fabricated using CNC machines, such as laser cutters and digital milling machines. Hence, we grew Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) on wood shavings, Pleurotus ostreatus on pasteurized straw, and Ganoderma lucidum (Rehisi) on dried leaves. Several molds with different shapes and sizes were designed and fabricated to grow mycelium inside them, in order to get different outcomes that might be used for different purposes. Hence, we grew insulating panels to be placed in the core of a wall, membrane-like components to cover inside walls, and even structural components that could be assembled to shape 3D complex structures to divide spaces.The whole project, including both researching lines, means a remarkably innovative proposal since the weaving together of biotechnology and design has been hardly explored for all these purposes. Within that logic, its main goal was to achieve sustainable and eco-friendly operational strategies and materials, which take advantage of living forms of intelligence to generate outcomes that meet our needs, without consuming energy and harming the environment.

Removal of nutrients from Organic Liquid Agricultural Waste using filamentous algae.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Flores-Morales ◽  
Mónica Díaz ◽  
Patricia Arancibia-Avila ◽  
Michelle Muñoz-Carrasco ◽  
Pamela Jara-Zapata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Filamentous Algae ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Reduction ◽  
Algae Removal ◽  
Algae Growth ◽  
Waste Effluents

Abstract A feasibility analysis of tertiary treatment for Organic Liquid Agricultural Waste is presented using filamentous algae belonging to the genus Cladophora sp. as an alternative to chemical tertiary treatment. The main advantages of tertiary treatments that use biological systems are the low cost investment and the minimal dependence on environmental variables. In this work we demonstrate that filamentous algae reduces the nutrient load of nitrate (circa 75%) and phosphate (circa 86%) from the organic waste effluents coming from dairy farms after nine days of culture, with the added advantage being that after the treatment period, algae removal can be achieved by simple procedures. Currently, the organic wastewater is discarded into fields and local streams. However, the algae can acquire value as a by-product since it has various uses as compost, cellulose, and biogas. A disadvantage of this system is that clean water must be used to achieve enough water transparency to allow algae growth. Even so, the nutrient reduction system of the organic effluents proposed is friendly to the ecosystem, compared to tertiary treatments that use chemicals to precipitate and collect nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates.

scholarly journals Utilization of Polymer Concrete Composites for a Circular Economy: A Comparative Review for Assessment of Recycling and Waste Utilization

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2135
Author(s):  
Hatem Alhazmi ◽  
Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah ◽  
Muhammad Kashif Anwar ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
Muhammad Kaleem Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Comparative Review

Polymer composites have been identified as the most innovative and selective materials known in the 21st century. Presently, polymer concrete composites (PCC) made from industrial or agricultural waste are becoming more popular as the demand for high-strength concrete for various applications is increasing. Polymer concrete composites not only provide high strength properties but also provide specific characteristics, such as high durability, decreased drying shrinkage, reduced permeability, and chemical or heat resistance. This paper provides a detailed review of the utilization of polymer composites in the construction industry based on the circular economy model. This paper provides an updated and detailed report on the effects of polymer composites in concrete as supplementary cementitious materials and a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on their utilization and the production of polymer composites. A detailed review of a variety of polymers, their qualities, performance, and classification, and various polymer composite production methods is given to select the best polymer composite materials for specific applications. PCCs have become a promising alternative for the reuse of waste materials due to their exceptional performance. Based on the findings of the studies evaluated, it can be concluded that more research is needed to provide a foundation for a regulatory structure for the acceptance of polymer composites.

scholarly journals Light Cross-Linkable Marine Collagen for Coaxial Printing of a 3D Model of Neuromuscular Junction Formation

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Borja Sanz ◽  
Ane Albillos Sanchez ◽  
Bonnie Tangey ◽  
Kerry Gilmore ◽  
Zhilian Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Neuromuscular Junction ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Zoonotic Disease Transmission ◽  
And Migration

Collagen is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that modulates cell adhesion, growth, and migration, and has been utilised in tissue engineering applications. However, the common terrestrial sources of collagen carry the risk of zoonotic disease transmission and there are religious barriers to the use of bovine and porcine products in many cultures. Marine based collagens offer an attractive alternative and have so far been under-utilized for use as biomaterials for tissue engineering. Marine collagen can be extracted from fish waste products, therefore industry by-products offer an economical and environmentally sustainable source of collagen. In a handful of studies, marine collagen has successfully been methacrylated to form collagen methacrylate (ColMA). Our work included the extraction, characterization and methacrylation of Red Snapper collagen, optimisation of conditions for neural cell seeding and encapsulation using the unmodified collagen, thermally cross-linked, and the methacrylated collagen with UV-induced cross-linking. Finally, the 3D co-axial printing of neural and skeletal muscle cell cultures as a model for neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation was investigated. Overall, the results of this study show great potential for a novel NMJ in vitro 3D bioprinted model that, with further development, could provide a low-cost, customizable, scalable and quick-to-print platform for drug screening and to study neuromuscular junction physiology and pathogenesis.

DEPOSITION OF SINGLE-PHASE CuInSe2 THIN FILMS UNDER LOW VACUUM LEVEL BY A TWO-STAGE GROWTH TECHNIQUE

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. CHU ◽  
H. B. ZHU ◽  
Z. A. WANG ◽  
Z. Q. BIAN ◽  
Z. SUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Chalcopyrite Structure ◽  
Sputtering Deposition ◽  
Vacuum Level ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Efficient

Single-phase CuInSe 2 films were grown by high vapor selenization of CuIn alloy precursors within a partially closed graphite box. The CuIn precursors were prepared using Cu x In y alloy targets with different composition rates under low vacuum level by a homemade sputtering system. The Cu and In composition rates of the used targets are 11:9, 10:10, and 9:11, respectively. The metallic precursor films were selenized using a two-step temperature profile, i.e. at 250°C and 400–500°C, respectively. The influence of the temperature at the second selenization step on the quality of the CIS absorbing layers was investigated. The CIS films were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The deposited CIS absorbers selenized at a high temperature of 500°C for 30 min exhibited a single-phase chalcopyrite structure with a preferential orientation in the (112) direction. These layers display uniform, large, and densely packed crystals with a grain size of about 3–5 μm. Cadmium sulfide buffer layer was manufactured by chemical bath deposition method. Bilayers ZnO / ZnO : Al were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering deposition. CIS solar cells with an efficiency of about 6.5% were produced without antireflective films. The method to fabricate CIS solar cells by a combination of the low vacuum sputtering deposition and the graphite box selenization process has provided a simple control process and shown a promising potential for developing high efficient and low-cost CuInSe 2 solar cells.

Use of RNA isolated from feces as a promising tool for the early detection of colorectal cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Fecal Occult

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide. Early detection would allow patients to be treated surgically and halt the progression of the disease; however, the current methods of early detection are invasive (colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy) or have low sensitivity (fecal occult blood test). The altered expression of genes in stool samples of patients with colorectal cancer can be determined by RT-PCR. This is a noninvasive and highly sensitive technique for colorectal cancer screening. According to information gathered in this review and our own experience, the use of fecal RNA to determine early alterations in gene expression due to malignancy appears to be a promising alternative to the current detection methods and owing to its low cost could be implemented in public health services.

Empirical Equilibrium Study on Rice Husk and Eggshells as Low Cost Bioadsorbent for the Methylene Blue Removal

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Nurul Hanim Razak ◽  
Md. Razali Ayob ◽  
M.A.M. Zainin ◽  
M.Z. Hilwa
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Equilibrium Study ◽  
Porosity Characterization

Eggshells and rice husk, two types of notable agricultural waste were used as bioadsorbent to remove Methylene Blue dye (MBD) in aqueous solution. This study was to investigate the performance of these two bioadsorbents in removing MBD. The removal percentage, adsorption capacity, and porosity characterization were examined. The method applied was a physical filtration. UV-VIS Spectrophotometer was used to determine the efficiency of the bioadsorbents in MBD adsorption. The highest removal percentage at the most concentrated MBD were 51% and 98% for eggshells and rice husks respectively. Meanwhile the characterization of rice husks pore size and volume proves that higher adsorptivity towards dye compares to eggshells porosity. It was concluded that the eggshells and rice husks bioadsorbents was successful to treat industrial textile wastewater with rice husks as the most efficient bioadsorbent in removing MBD.

scholarly journals Batch Sorption Experiments: Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm Studies for the Adsorption of Textile Metal Ions onto Teff Straw (Eragrostis tef) Agricultural Waste

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulu Berhe Desta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Equilibrium Concentration ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Textile Effluents

Adsorption of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cu) onto Activated Teff Straw (ATS) has been studied using batch-adsorption techniques. This study was carried out to examine the adsorption capacity of the low-cost adsorbent ATS for the removal of heavy metals from textile effluents. The influence of contact time, pH, Temperature, and adsorbent dose on the adsorption process was also studied. Results revealed that adsorption rate initially increased rapidly, and the optimal removal efficiency was reached within about 1 hour. Further increase in contact time did not show significant change in equilibrium concentration; that is, the adsorption phase reached equilibrium. The adsorption isotherms could be fitted well by the Langmuir model. The value in the present investigation was less than one, indicating that the adsorption of the metal ion onto ATS is favorable. After treatment with ATS the levels of heavy metals were observed to decrease by 88% (Ni), 82.9% (Cd), 81.5% (Cu), 74.5% (Cr), and 68.9% (Pb). Results indicate that the freely abundant, locally available, low-cost adsorbent, Teff straw can be treated as economically viable for the removal of metal ions from textile effluents.

Preparation of Amorphous Nanosilica from Philippine Waste Rice Hull via Acid Precipitation Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 864 ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Rinlee Butch M. Cervera ◽  
Emie A. Salamangkit-Mirasol
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Rice Hull Ash ◽  
Transmission Electron

Rice hull or rice husk (RH) is an agricultural waste obtained from milling rice grains. Since RH has no commercial value and is difficult to use in agriculture, its volume is often reduced through open field burning which is an environmental hazard. In this study, amorphous nanosilica from Philippine waste RH was prepared via acid precipitation method. The synthesized samples were fully characterized for its microstructural properties. X-ray diffraction pattern reveals that the structure of the prepared sample is amorphous in nature while Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed the different vibration bands of the synthesized sample. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analysis (PSA) confirmed the presence of agglomerated silica particles. On the other hand, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed an amorphous sample with grain sizes of about 5 to 20 nanometer range and has about 95 % purity according to EDS analyses. The elemental mapping also suggests that leaching of rice hull ash effectively removed the metallic impurity such as potassium element in the material. Hence, amorphous nanosilica was successfully prepared via a low-cost acid precipitation method from Philippine waste rice hull.

scholarly journals Green Activated Magnetic Graphitic Carbon Oxide and Its Application for Hazardous Water Pollutants Removal

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Prasanna Lingamdinne ◽  
Jong-Soo Choi ◽  
Yu-Lim Choi ◽  
Jae-Kyu Yang ◽  
Janardhan Reddy Koduru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Carbon Oxide ◽  
Graphitic Carbon ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Ozone Oxidation ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Pollutants Removal ◽  
Kinetics And Isotherms

Graphitic carbon oxide (GCO) and magnetic graphitic carbon oxide (MGCO) were prepared from sugar via optimized green activation by employing ozone oxidation, and applied to wastewater treatment. The maximal oxidation and adsorption yield of pollutants were achieved at pH 2.0−4.0, which is the optimized pH for ozone oxidation of GC to generate GCO. As-prepared GCO and MGCO were characterized using X-ray, infrared, and microscopic techniques. The MGCO has enough saturation magnetization (MS) of 41.38 emu g−1 for separation of the sorbent from the reaction medium by applying an external magnetic field. Batch adsorption of radioactive and heavy metals (Th(IV), Pb(II)), and a dye (methylene blue (MB)) using GCO and MGCO was evaluated by varying the adsorbent dose, equilibrium pH, contact time, initial metal and dye concentrations, and kinetics and isotherms. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies indicated that Th(IV), Pb(II), and MB adsorption were best described by pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm with R2 (correlation coefficient) > 0.99, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities for Th(IV), Pb(II), and MB were 52.63, 47.39, and 111.12 mg g−1 on GCO and 76.02, 71.94, and 76.92 mg g−1 on MGCO. GCO and MGCO are prospectively effective and low-cost adsorbents for ion removal in wastewater treatment. As prepared MGCO can be reused up to three cycles for Th(IV), Pb(II), and MB. This work provides fundamental information about the equilibrium adsorption isotherms and mechanisms for Th(IV), Pb(II), and MB on GCO and MGCO.

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