scholarly journals Effects of the Inclusion of Fermented Mulberry Leaves and Branches in the Gestational Diet on the Performance and Gut Microbiota of Sows and Their Offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Yuping Zhang ◽  
Chang Yin ◽  
Martine Schroyen ◽  
Nadia Everaert ◽  
Teng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Fermented Feed ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

Fermented feed mulberry (FFM), being rich in dietary fiber, has not been fully evaluated to be used in sow’s diet. In this study, we investigated the effects of 25.5% FFM supplemented in gestation diets on the performance and gut microbiota of sows and their offspring. Results showed that the serum concentration of glucose, progesterone, and estradiol were not affected by the dietary treatment, while the level of serum insulin and fecal short chain fatty acid were both reduced in FFM group on gestation day 60 (G60, p < 0.05). Additionally, FFM increased both voluntary feed intake and weaning litter weight (p < 0.05), while decreased the losses of both Backfat thickness and bodyweight throughout lactation (p < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing showed FFM supplementation significantly increased the diversity and relative abundance of sows’ fecal microbiota on G60 (p < 0.05). The differential microbiota for sows from FFM group was that Bacteroidetes was increased on G60 while Firmicutes were decreased on Lactation day 7 (L7, p < 0.05), and which for the FFM piglets was that both unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae on L0 and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae on L7 were increased (p < 0.05). In short, FFM can be recognized as a potential feed ingredient used in sow’s diet.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microbiota of Grazing Mongolian Cattle from Different Regions in Inner Mongolia, China

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1938
Author(s):  
Han Aricha ◽  
Huasai Simujide ◽  
Chunjie Wang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Wenting Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Xilingol Grassland

Mongolian cattle from China have strong adaptability and disease resistance. We aimed to compare the gut microbiota community structure and diversity in grazing Mongolian cattle from different regions in Inner Mongolia and to elucidate the influence of geographical factors on the intestinal microbial community structure. We used high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze the fecal microbial community and diversity in samples from 60 grazing Mongolian cattle from Hulunbuir Grassland, Xilingol Grassland, and Alxa Desert. A total of 2,720,545 high-quality reads and sequences that were 1,117,505,301 bp long were obtained. Alpha diversity among the three groups showed that the gut microbial diversity in Mongolian cattle in the grasslands was significantly higher than that in the desert. The dominant phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, whereas Verrucomicrobia presented the highest abundance in the gut of cattle in the Alxa Desert. The gut bacterial communities in cattle from the grasslands versus the Alxa Desert were distinctive, and those from the grasslands were closely clustered. Community composition analysis revealed significant differences in species diversity and richness. Overall, the composition of the gut microbiota in Mongolian cattle is affected by geographical factors. Gut microbiota may play important roles in the geographical adaptations of Mongolian cattle.

scholarly journals Interplay between Neuroendocrine Biomarkers and Gut Microbiota in Dogs Supplemented with Grape Proanthocyanidins: Results of Dietary Intervention Study

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Scarsella ◽  
Michela Cintio ◽  
Lucilla Iacumin ◽  
Federica Ginaldi ◽  
Bruno Stefanon
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
The Individual

Several studies on the interaction between gut microbiota and diets, including prebiotics, have been reported in dogs, but no data are available about the effects of dietary administration of grape proanthocyanidins. In the study, 24 healthy adult dogs of different breeds were recruited and divided in 3 groups of 8 subjects each. A group was fed with a control diet (D0), whilst the others were supplemented with 1 (D1) or 3 (D3) mg/kg live weight of grape proanthocyanidins. Samples of feces were collected at the beginning and after 14 and 28 days for microbiota, short chain fatty acid, and lactic acid analysis. Serotonin and cortisol were measured in saliva, collected at the beginning of the study and after 28 days. A significantly higher abundance (p < 0.01) of Enterococcus and Adlercreutzia were observed in D0, whilst Escherichia and Eubacterium were higher in D1. Fusobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium were higher (p < 0.01) in D3. Salivary serotonin increased (p < 0.01) at T28 for D1 and D3 groups but cortisol did not vary. Proanthocyanidins administration influenced the fecal microbiota and neuroendocrine response of dogs, but a high variability of taxa was observed, suggesting a uniqueness and stability of fecal microbiota related to the individual.

scholarly journals Correlation study on gut microbiota and omentin-1 gene polymorphism in Uyghur newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebiya Nuli ◽  
Jiaoyu Shan ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Yaqun Guan
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a top risk factor for health in China. Gut microbiota, genetic factors and lipids metabolism play important role in development of T2DM. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the gut microbiota and omentin-1 gene polymorphism to explore the interaction between host gene and gut microbiota in Uyghur T2DM. Methods: A total of 98 newly diagnosed Uyghur T2DM patients and 99 healthy normal controls (NC) enrolled into this study according to inclusion criteria. The total DNAs was extracted from the fecal microbiota. Abundance of the Lactobacillus genus, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Clostridium in the gut microbiota was determined with 16S rDNA gene Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR amplification. PCR-PFLP was applied to determine the genotypes of Val109Asp variant (rs2274907) in the Omentin-1 gene. And the relationship between rs2274907 and gut microbiota was assessed. Results: There were no significant differences of the Val109Asp variant (rs2274907) between T2DM and NC group. The abundance of Lactobacillus genus and Clostridium genus was lower in newly diagnosed T2DM group than in the NC group (P<0.05). Serum insulin, LDL-C, the abundances of Lactobacillus genus and Clostridium genus were the risk factors of T2DM. (OR=1.094 95%CI 1.014-1.180), (OR=3.868 95%CI 1.250-11.971), (OR=0.288 95%CI 0.145-0.571), (OR=0.044 95%CI 0.012-0.154). Conclusions: The abundance of Lactobacillus and Clostridium genus may be related to the pathogenesis of new-onset T2DM in Uyghur population, the mechanism of which needs to be further studied. The interactive relationship between the gut microbiota and omentin-1 gene polymorphism in newly diagnosed T2DM was not observed in this study.

scholarly journals Perturbed Microbiota/Immune Homeostasis in Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e997
Author(s):  
Delphine Sterlin ◽  
Martin Larsen ◽  
Jehane Fadlallah ◽  
Christophe Parizot ◽  
Marina Vignes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Autologous Serum ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

ObjectiveBased on animal models and human studies, there is now strong suspicion that host/microbiota mutualism in the context of gut microbial dysbiosis could influence immunity and multiple sclerosis (MS) evolution. Our goal was to seek evidence of deregulated microbiota-induced systemic immune responses in patients with MS.MethodsWe investigated gut and systemic commensal-specific antibody responses in healthy controls (n = 32), patients with relapsing-remitting MS (n = 30), and individuals with clinically isolated syndromes (CISs) (n = 15). Gut microbiota composition and diversity were compared between controls and patients by analysis of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing. Autologous microbiota and cultivable bacterial strains were used in bacterial flow cytometry assays to quantify autologous serum IgG and secretory IgA responses to microbiota. IgG-bound bacteria were sorted by flow cytometry and identified using 16S rRNA sequencing.ResultsWe show that commensal-specific gut IgA responses are drastically reduced in patients with severe MS, disease severity being correlated with the IgA-coated fecal microbiota fraction (r = −0.647, p < 0.0001). At the same time, IgA-unbound bacteria elicit qualitatively broad and quantitatively increased serum IgG responses in patients with MS and CIS compared with controls (4.1% and 2.5% vs 1.9%, respectively, p < 0.001).ConclusionsGut and systemic microbiota/immune homeostasis are perturbed in MS. Our results argue that defective IgA responses in MS are linked to a breakdown of systemic tolerance to gut microbiota leading to an enhanced triggering of systemic IgG immunity against gut commensals occurring early in MS.

scholarly journals Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolic Potential in Patients with Schizophrenia Treated with Olanzapine: Results from a Six-Week Observational Prospective Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pełka-Wysiecka ◽  
Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Bąba-Kubiś ◽  
Liśkiewicz ◽  
Wroński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Observational Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Olanzapine Therapy

Accumulating evidence indicates the potential effect of microbiota on the pathogenesis and course of schizophrenia. However, the effects of olanzapine, second-generation antipsychotics, on gut microbiota have not been investigated in humans. This study aimed to analyze fecal microbiota in schizophrenia patients treated with olanzapine during six weeks of their hospital stay. After a seven-day washout from all psychotropic medications, microbiota compositions were evaluated at baseline and after six weeks of hospitalization using 16S rRNA sequencing. The study was conducted in 20 inpatients, who followed the same hospital routine and received 5–20 mg daily doses of olanzapine. Olanzapine treatment was associated with clinical improvements in all patients and significant increases in body mass index in females, but not changes in gut microbiota compositions and predicted function. The severity of symptoms at the beginning of treatment varied in accordance with the predicted metabolic activity of the bacteria. The present findings indicate that the microbiota of schizophrenia patients is highly individual and has different taxonomical (Type 1, with a predominance of Prevotella, and Type 2 with a higher abundance of Bacteroides, Blautia and Clostridium) and functional clusters, and it does not change following six weeks of olanzapine therapy; in addition, the microbiota is not associated with either the weight gain observed in women or the effectiveness of olanzapine therapy.

scholarly journals Fecal microbiota transplantation reconstructs the gut microbiota of septic mice and protects the intestinal mucosal barrier

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Gai ◽  
Huawei Wang ◽  
Yaqing Li ◽  
Haotian Zhao ◽  
Cong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Barrier

AbstractThe gastrointestinal (GI) tract has long been hypothesized to play an integral role in the pathophysiology of sepsis, and gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis may be the key factor. Previous studies has confirmed that microbiome is markedly altered in critical illness. We aimed to confirm the existence of gut microbiota imbalance in the early stage of sepsis, observe the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on sepsis, and explore whether FMT can reconstruct the GM of septic mice and restore its protective function on the intestinal mucosal barrier. Through the study of flora, mucus layer, tight junction, immune barrier, and short-chain fatty acid changes in septic mice and fecal microbiota transplanted mice, we found that GM imbalance exists early in sepsis. FMT can improve morbidity and effectively reduce mortality in septic mice. After the fecal bacteria were transplanted, the abundance and diversity of the gut flora were restored, and the microbial characteristics of the donors changed. FMT can effectively reduce epithelial cell apoptosis, improve the composition of the mucus layer, upregulate the expression of tight junction proteins, and reduce intestinal permeability and the inflammatory response, thus protecting the intestinal barrier function. After FMT, Lachnospiraceae contributes the most to intestinal protection through enhancement of the L-lysine fermentation pathway, resulting in the production of acetate and butanoate, and may be the key bacteria for short-chain fatty acid metabolism and FMT success.

scholarly journals Fecal microbiota changes in NZB/W F1 mice after induction of lupus disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Fu Chen ◽  
Ao-Ho Hsieh ◽  
Lian-Chin Wang ◽  
Yun-Ju Huang ◽  
Yun-Chen Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Viral Peptide ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dsdna Antibodies ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Glomerular Damage

AbstractThe association between the gut microbiota and the development of lupus is unclear. We investigated alterations in the gut microbiota after induction of lupus in a murine model using viral peptide of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Three treatment arms for the animals were prepared: intraperitoneal injection of HCMVpp65 peptide, adjuvant alone, and PBS injection. Feces were collected before and after lupus induction biweekly for 16S rRNA sequencing. HCMVpp65 peptide immunization induced lupus-like effects, with higher levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies, creatinine, proteinuria, and glomerular damage, compared with mice treated with nothing or adjuvant only. The Simpson diversity value was higher in mice injected with HCMVpp65 peptide, but there was no difference in ACE or Chao1 among the three groups. Statistical analysis of metagenomic profiles showed a higher abundance of various families (Saccharimonadaceae, Marinifiaceae, and Desulfovibrionaceae) and genera (Candidatus Saccharimonas, Roseburia, Odoribacter, and Desulfovibrio) in HCMVpp65 peptide-treated mice. Significant correlations between increased abundances of related genera (Candidatus Saccharimonas, Roseburia, Odoribacter, and Desulfovibrio) and HCMVpp65 peptide immunization-induced lupus-like effects were observed. This study provides insight into the changes in the gut microbiota after lupus onset in a murine model.

scholarly journals Impact of Dietary Isoflavone Supplementation on the Fecal Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Postmenopausal Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7939
Author(s):  
Lucía Guadamuro ◽  
M. Andrea Azcárate-Peril ◽  
Rafael Tojo ◽  
Baltasar Mayo ◽  
Susana Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
The Family

Isoflavones are metabolized by components of the gut microbiota and can also modulate their composition and/or activity. This study aimed to analyze the modifications of the fecal microbial populations and their metabolites in menopausal women under dietary treatment with soy isoflavones for one month. Based on the level of urinary equol, the women had been stratified previously as equol-producers (n = 3) or as equol non-producers (n = 5). The composition of the fecal microbiota was assessed by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and the changes in fatty acid excretion in feces were analyzed by gas chromatography. A greater proportion of sequence reads of the genus Slackia was detected after isoflavone supplementation. Sequences of members of the family Lachnospiraceae and the genus Pseudoflavonifractor were significantly increased in samples from equol-producing women. Multivariable analysis showed that, after isoflavone treatment, the fecal microbial communities of equol producers were more like each other. Isoflavone supplementation increased the production of caproic acid, suggesting differential microbial activity, leading to a high fecal excretion of this compound. However, differences between equol producers and non-producers were not scored. These results may contribute to characterizing the modulating effect of isoflavones on the gut microbiota, which could lead to unravelling of their beneficial health effects.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Status by β-Carotene in Late Pregnant Sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xupeng Yuan ◽  
Jiahao Yan ◽  
Ruizhi Hu ◽  
Yanli Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Β Carotene

Recent evidences suggest that gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating physiological and metabolic activities of pregnant sows, and β-carotene has a potentially positive effect on reproduction, but the impact of β-carotene on gut microbiota in pregnant sows remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of β-carotene on the reproductive performance of sows from the aspect of gut microbiota. A total of 48 hybrid pregnant sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with similar parity were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 16) and fed with a basal diet or a diet containing 30 or 90 mg/kg of β-carotene from day 90 of gestation until parturition. Dietary supplementation of 30 or 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the number of live birth to 11.82 ± 1.54 and 12.29 ± 2.09, respectively, while the control group was 11.00 ± 1.41 (P = 0.201). Moreover, β-carotene increased significantly the serum nitric oxide (NO) level and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (P &lt; 0.05). Characterization of fecal microbiota revealed that 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the diversity of the gut flora (P &lt; 0.05). In particular, β-carotene decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes including Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group, Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-008, but enriched Proteobacteria including Bilophila and Sutterella, and Actinobacteria including Corynebacterium and Corynebacterium 1 which are related to NO synthesis. These data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of β-carotene may increase antioxidant enzyme activity and NO, an important vasodilator to promote the neonatal blood circulation, through regulating gut microbiota in sows.

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