scholarly journals Can Natural Polyphenols Help in Reducing Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients?

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5888
Author(s):  
Giovanna Giovinazzo ◽  
Carmela Gerardi ◽  
Caterina Uberti-Foppa ◽  
Lucia Lopalco
Keyword(s):  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Cytokine Release Syndrome ◽  
Natural Polyphenols ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Bioactive Phytochemicals ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

SARS-CoV-2 first emerged in China during late 2019 and rapidly spread all over the world. Alterations in the inflammatory cytokines pathway represent a strong signature during SARS-COV-2 infection and correlate with poor prognosis and severity of the illness. The hyper-activation of the immune system results in an acute severe systemic inflammatory response named cytokine release syndrome (CRS). No effective prophylactic or post-exposure treatments are available, although some anti-inflammatory compounds are currently in clinical trials. Studies of plant extracts and natural compounds show that polyphenols can play a beneficial role in the prevention and the progress of chronic diseases related to inflammation. The aim of this manuscript is to review the published background on the possible effectiveness of polyphenols to fight SARS-COV-2 infection, contributing to the reduction of inflammation. Here, some of the anti-inflammatory therapies are discussed and although great progress has been made though this year, there is no proven cytokine blocking agents for COVID currently used in clinical practice. In this regard, bioactive phytochemicals such as polyphenols may become promising tools to be used as adjuvants in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Such nutrients, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, associated to classical anti-inflammatory drugs, could help in reducing the inflammation in patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Macrophage Activation and Cytokine Release Syndrome in COVID-19: Current Updates and Analysis of Repurposed and Investigational Anti-Cytokine Drugs

Drug Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashif Iqubal ◽  
Farazul Hoda ◽  
Abul Kalam Najmi ◽  
Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Cytokine Release Syndrome ◽  
Disease Condition ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged from Wuhan, has now become pandemic and the mortality rate is growing exponentially. Clinical complication and fatality rate is much higher for patients having co-morbid issues. Compromised immune response and hyper inflammation is hall mark of pathogenesis and major cause of mortality. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or cytokine storm is a term used to affiliate the situation of hyper inflammation and therefore use of anti-cytokine and anti-inflammatory drugs is used to take care of this situation. Looking into the clinical benefit of these anti-inflammatory drugs, many of them enter into clinical trials. However, understanding the immunopathology of COVID-19 is important otherwise, indiscriminate use of these drugs could be fetal as there exists a very fine line of difference between viral clearing cytokines and inflammatory cytokines. If any drug suppresses the viral clearing cytokines, it will worsen the situation and hence, the use of these drugs must be based on the clinical condition, viral load, co-existing disease condition and severity of the infection.

Ibuprofen safety at the golden anniversary. A commentary and recent developments

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Interesting Story ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Short Comment ◽  
Published Paper

Ibuprofen is a long lasting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and still represents one of the most diffused analgesics around the world. It has an interesting story started over 50 years ago. In this short comment to an already published paper, the authors try to focus some specific important point. On top, they illustrate the recent, confusing and fake assertion on the potentially dangerous influence that ibuprofen could have, increasing the risk of Coronavirus infection. This is also better illustrated in a previously published paper, where the readers could find more clear responses to eventual doubts.

scholarly journals Peran Kurkumin Sebagai Terapi Pada Osteoartritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Rilianda Abelira
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The World ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Digestive Disorders ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Osteoartritis (OA) merupakan salah satu penyakit penyakit degeneratif atau geriatri yang disebabkan adanya inflamasi yang melibatkan kartilago, lapisan sendi, ligamen, dan tulang yang akibatnya dapat menyebabkan nyeri dan kekakuan pada sendi. Epidemiologi OA di didunia sekitar 15% dengan usia diatas 65-75 dan diperkirakan pada tahun 2020 penderita osteoarthritis akan meningkat 11,6 juta penderita. Kejadian OA di Indonesia dari tahun 1990 hingga 2010 telah mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 44,2% dan berdasarkan usia di Indonesia cukup tinggi dengan 65% pada usia tua (lansia) atau lebih dari 61 tahun. Pengobatan secara farmakologis untuk OA dengan menggunakan Obat Anti Inflamasi Non-Steroid (OAINS) salah satu contohnya adalah meloksikam. Namun, efek samping penggunaan OAINS dapat menimbulkan beberapa masalah seperti timbulnya ulkus peptikum dan gangguan pencernaan. Hal ini menyebabkan sedang dikembangkannya pengobatan herbal untuk OA yang harapannya dapat menjadi pengobatan utama dalam mengatasi OA dengan menggunakan kurkumin. Kurkumin berperan sebagai antiinflamasi dalam kunyit putih dengan menurunkan aktivitas cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2), lipoxygenase dan menghambat produksi sitokin seperti TNF-α, interleukin (IL). Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative or geriatric disease that is caused by inflammation involving cartilages, joint lining, ligaments, and bones which can cause pain and stiffness in the joints. Epidemiology of OA in the world around 15% with ages above 65-75 and it is estimated in 2020, osteoarthritis will increase by 11.6 million. The incidence of OA in Indonesia from 1990 to 2010 has increased by 44.2% and by age in Indonesia is quite high with 65% in old age (elderly) or more than 61 years. Treatment for OA is using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as meloxicam. However, side effects of NSAID use can cause several problems such as the emergence of peptic ulcer and digestive disorders. This has led to the development of herbal treatments for OA which hopes to become the main treatment in overcoming OA by using curcumin. Curcumin acts as an anti-inflammatory in white turmeric by reducing the activity of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), lipoxygenase and inhibiting the production of cytokines such as TNF-α, interleukin (IL).

A systematic review of the Effect of Diclofenac Exposure during Pregnancy on mother and fetus Objective: To perform a systematic review on the effect of Diclofenac exposure during Pregnancy on mother and fetus. Introduction: Diclofenac is a Non-steroid Anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) derived from non-steroidal phenylacetic acid. Diclofenac is a benzene acetic acid derivative used to treat the pain and swelling associated with rheumatic disorders since 1974. It is one of the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in the world. A few reports have demonstrated that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs exerted embryo toxicity and teratogenicity among experimental animals but there is no clear evidence of the effect in (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilahun Beyene
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Embryo Toxicity ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

BACKGROUND Diclofenac is a Non-steroid Anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) derived from non-steroidal phenylacetic acid. Diclofenac is a benzene acetic acid derivative used to treat the pain and swelling associated with rheumatic disorders since 1974. It is one of the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in the world. A few reports have demonstrated that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs exerted embryo toxicity and teratogenicity among experimental animals but there is no clear evidence of the effect in humans. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review on the effect of Diclofenac exposure during Pregnancy on mother and fetus. METHODS This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for systematic review of effectiveness evidence. A three-step search strategy used in this review. Databases searched included Pub Med, Medline Scopus, Embase, cinihal, Google, different Universities repositories and Google scholar. Titles and abstracts were then screened by two independent reviewers for assessment against the inclusion criteria for the review. Eligible studies were critically appraised by two independent reviewers at the study level. Appraisal was occurred at the outcome level for methodological quality in the review using standardized critical appraisal instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for observational studies. The data extracted from the studies include specific details about the populations, study methods, interventions, and outcomes of significance to the review objective indicate the specific details. Statistical pooling was not possible due to outcome and nature of data. So, that the findings were presented in narrative form. RESULTS Three relevant articles (two cohort and a nested case control studies) were identified with a total of 1,490,679 participants. Diclofenac exposure during pregnancy increases the risk of low birth weight on fetus, increased risk of spontaneous abortion and increased risk of maternal vaginal bleeding. CONCLUSIONS Exposures to Diclofenac during pregnancy have adverse embryonic and maternal effect. So pregnant women taking Diclofenac may affect mother and fetus and additional primary RCTs are needed.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their effect on the nervous system: neurotoxicity, types, mechanism of occurrence

2021 ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
Elmira Erfanovna Alimova ◽  
Elena Evgenievna Al-Rabadi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Health Organization

Currently, according to the World Health Organization, about 20% of the world's population takes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs are lipophilic substances that easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier and can cause side effects from the central nervous system. Neurotoxicity (headache, dizziness, insomnia, depression, depersonalization, psychosis, and tremor occur during the treatment with indomethacin; visual impairment, drowsiness - during the treatment with meloxicam; hearing loss - when taking salicylates) ranks second after gastrotoxicity. The article describes the mechanisms of neurotoxicity that occur when taking NSAIDs.

scholarly journals Toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to Gyps vultures: a new threat from ketoprofen

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinny Naidoo ◽  
Kerri Wolter ◽  
Duncan Cromarty ◽  
Maria Diekmann ◽  
Neil Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Treatment ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Safety Testing ◽  
The World ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Main Food Source ◽  
Dose Levels

Three Gyps vulture species are on the brink of extinction in South Asia owing to the veterinary non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac. Carcasses of domesticated ungulates are the main food source for Asia's vultures and birds die from kidney failure after consuming diclofenac-contaminated tissues. Here, we report on the safety testing of the NSAID ketoprofen, which was not reported to cause mortality in clinical treatment of scavenging birds and is rapidly eliminated from livestock tissues. Safety testing was undertaken using captive non-releasable Cape griffon vultures ( Gyps coprotheres ) and wild-caught African white-backed vultures ( G. africanus ), both previously identified as susceptible to diclofenac and suitable surrogates. Ketoprofen doses ranged from 0.5 to 5 mg kg −1 vulture body weight, based upon recommended veterinary guidelines and maximum levels of exposure for wild vultures (estimated as 1.54 mg kg −1 ). Doses were administered by oral gavage or through feeding tissues from cattle dosed with ketoprofen at 6 mg kg −1 cattle body weight, before slaughter. Mortalities occurred at dose levels of 1.5 and 5 mg kg −1 vulture body weight (within the range recommended for clinical treatment) with the same clinical signs as observed for diclofenac. Surveys of livestock carcasses in India indicate that toxic levels of residual ketoprofen are already present in vulture food supplies. Consequently, we strongly recommend that ketoprofen is not used for veterinary treatment of livestock in Asia and in other regions of the world where vultures access livestock carcasses. The only alternative to diclofenac that should be promoted as safe for vultures is the NSAID meloxicam.

scholarly journals Natural Polyphenols in Metabolic Syndrome: Protective Mechanisms and Clinical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6110
Author(s):  
Shiyao Zhang ◽  
Mengyi Xu ◽  
Wenxiang Zhang ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Siyu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Natural Polyphenols ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Polyphenol Intake

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a chronic disease, including abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. It should be noted that the occurrence of MetS is closely related to oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, ectopic fat accumulation, and the impairment of the antioxidant system, which in turn further aggravates the intracellular oxidative imbalance and inflammatory response. As enriched anti-inflammatory and antioxidant components in plants, natural polyphenols exhibit beneficial effects, including improving liver fat accumulation and dyslipidemia, reducing blood pressure. Hence, they are expected to be useful in the prevention and management of MetS. At present, epidemiological studies indicate a negative correlation between polyphenol intake and MetS incidence. In this review, we summarized and discussed the most promising natural polyphenols (including flavonoid and non-flavonoid drugs) in the precaution and treatment of MetS, including their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as their regulatory functions involved in glycolipid homeostasis.

scholarly journals AB0001 INTERFERON SIGNATURE IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC NON-BACTERIAL OSTEOMYELITIS AND IT’S DYNAMIC AFTER BISPHOSPHONATES TREATMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1036.2-1036
Author(s):  
M. Kostik ◽  
R. Raupov ◽  
R. Mulkidzhan ◽  
A. Kosmin ◽  
E. Suspitsin
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Interferon Signature ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Main Adverse Event ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Basic Research Grant

Background:Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory bone disease which predominantly affects children and adolescents. The pathogenesis of CNO related to imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Interferon-I mediated pathway is associated with pathogenesis of different pediatric rheumatic diseases, such as juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE), juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), systemic onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (soJIA), and, most of all, with macrophage activation syndrome. The data on interferon-I- regulated pathway in CNO is absent. NSAIDs, non-biologic and biologic anti-inflammatory drugs and bisphosphonates (BF) are treatment options for patients with CNO. The main adverse event of BF is a flu-like syndrome probably caused by the excessive cytokine release stimulated by BF.Objectives:The aim of our study was to evaluate activity of Interferon-I mediated pathway in CNO patients and it’s dynamics after BF treatment.Methods:This prospective study included children with CNO requiring BF treatment (n=9), patients with soJIA (n=8), JDM (n=11) and jSLE (n=40) and healthy controls (HC, n=21). The activity of Interferon-I mediated pathway was assessed using interferon I score (IFN1 score). The score represented the median expression of 5 IFN1-regulated genes (IFI44L, IFI44, IFIT3, LY6E, MX1) measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Patients with CNO were treated with standard 3-day regimen (1 mg/kg/day). We measured interferon score before pamidronate (Day 0, n=9) and after (Day 3, n=7).Results:Median interferon score was 1.09 (0.96; 1.67) in CNO patients, 1.95 (1.3; 5.75) in soJIA, 7.6 (1.78; 29.0) in JDM and 16.9 (2.55; 40.3) in jSLE and 0.95 (0.82; 1.17) in HC (p=0.00001). Where were no difference in the IFN1 score between CNO and HC (p=0.222). In 6/7 CNO patients interferon score increased after pamidronate (p=0.015). The median interferon score after pamidronate increased and became 3.06 (0.87; 4,9, p=0.043); this may possibly explain the development of BF-related flu-like symptoms (cytokine release syndrome).Conclusion:While interferon I-regulated pathway is not directly associated with CNO pathogenesis, BF likely activates interferon-I-regulated pathway and thus could be a possible cause of flu-like syndrome.This work supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant № 18-515-57001).Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Prolific Induction of IL-6 in Human Cells by SARS-CoV-2-derived Peptide is Attenuated by Recombinant Human Anti-inflammatory Cytokines made in planta.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter H. Anborgh ◽  
Igor Kolotilin ◽  
Nisha Owens ◽  
Abdulla Azzam Mahboob
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Cytokine Release Syndrome ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Development of efficient therapies for COVID-19 is the focus of intense research. The cytokine release syndrome was underlined as a culprit for severe outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a crucial role in human immune responses and elevated IL-6 plasma levels have been associated with the exacerbated COVID-19 pathology. Since non-structural protein 10 (NSP10) of SARS-CoV-2 has been implicated in the induction of IL-6, we designed Peptide (P)1, containing sequences corresponding to amino acids 68-96 of NSP10, and examined its effect on cultured human cells. Treatment with P1 strongly increased IL-6 secretion by the lung cancer cell line NCI-H1792 and the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and revealed profound cytotoxic activity on Caco-2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Treatment with P2, harbouring a mutation in the zinc knuckle motif of NSP10, caused no IL-6 induction and no cytotoxicity. Pre-treatment with plant-produced human anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-37b and IL-38 effectively mitigated the induction of IL-6 secretion. Our results suggest a role for the zinc knuckle motif of NSP10 in the onset of increased IL-6 plasma levels of COVID-19 patients and for IL-37b and IL-38 as therapeutics aimed at attenuating the cytokine release syndrome.

scholarly journals Formulation and Performance Evaluation of Calendula Officinalis Linn Extract Loaded Ethosomal Cream

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 462-474
Author(s):  
Archana R. Dhole ◽  
◽  
Khushabu M. Mulla ◽  
Sushmita S. Salunkhe ◽  
Komal S. Talekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Performance

Among the various species of the genus Calendula, C. officinalis is the only one, which is extensively used clinically throughout the world. Pharmacological studies reveal that C. officinalis exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and antioxidant properties, helps promote the healing of minor burns, scrapes and skin irritations and relieves sunburn and minor cuts. The objective of this study was to optimize conditions for encapsulating Calendula officinalis Linn extract. Thus a novel approach to effectively treat wrinkles, helps promote the healing of minor burns, scrapes and skin irritations and relieves sunburn and minor cuts by delivery of an antioxidant using a special lipid vesicular carrier, the Ethosomal cream was prepared.

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