Novel Spray Dried Algae-Rosemary Particles Attenuate Pollution-Induced Skin Damage

The present study investigated the effect of spray-dried algae-rosemary particles against pollution-induced damage using ex-vivo human biopsies exposed to diesel engine exhaust (DEE). For this, the complexation of hydroalcoholic rosemary extract with Chlorella (RCH) and Spirulina (RSP) protein powders was conducted. The process efficiency and concentration of rosmarinic acid (RA), carnosic acid (CA), and carnosol (CR) phenolic compounds of both products were compared. The RSP spray-dried production was more efficient, and RSP particles presented higher CR and CA and similar RA concentrations. Therefore, spray-dried RSP particles were prioritized for the preparation of a gel formulation that was investigated for its ability to mitigate pollution-induced skin oxinflammatory responses. Taken altogether, our ex-vivo data clearly demonstrated the ability of RSP gel to prevent an oxinflammatory phenomenon in cutaneous tissue by decreasing the levels of 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts (4HNE-PA) and active matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as well as by limiting the loss of filaggrin induced by DEE exposure. Our results suggest that the topical application of spirulina-rosemary gel is a good approach to prevent pollution-induced skin aging/damage.

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Triple nanoemulsion potentiates the effects of topical treatments with microencapsulated retinol and modulates biological processes related to skin aging

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia ◽

10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132208 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 88 (6) ◽

pp. 930-936 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alessandro Afornali ◽

Rodrigo de Vecchi ◽

Rodrigo Makowiecky Stuart ◽

Gustavo Dieamant ◽

Luciana Lima de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Factors ◽

Biological Process ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Skin Damage ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

And Function

BACKGROUND: The sum of environmental and genetic factors affects the appearance and function of the skin as it ages. The identification of molecular changes that take place during skin aging provides biomarkers and possible targets for therapeutic intervention. Retinoic acid in different formulations has emerged as an alternative to prevent and repair age-related skin damage. OBJECTIVES: To understand the effects of different retinoid formulations on the expression of genes associated with biological processes that undergo changes during skin aging. METHODS: Ex-vivo skin samples were treated topically with different retinoid formulations. The modulation of biological processes associated with skin aging was measured by Reverse Transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS: A formulation containing microencapsulated retinol and a blend of active ingredients prepared as a triple nanoemulsion provided the best results for the modulation of biological, process-related genes that are usually affected during skin aging. CONCLUSION: This association proved to be therapeutically more effective than tretinoin or microencapsulated retinol used singly.

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Combined Effects of Carotenoids and Polyphenols in Balancing the Response of Skin Cells to UV Irradiation

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26071931 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 1931

Author(s):

Glenda Calniquer ◽

Marina Khanin ◽

Hilla Ovadia ◽

Karin Linnewiel-Hermoni ◽

David Stepensky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Damage ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Dermal Fibroblasts ◽

Carnosic Acid ◽

Rosemary Extract ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Skin Cells ◽

Tomato Extract ◽

Clinical Experiments

Oral carotenoids and polyphenols have been suggested to induce photo-protective effects. The aim of the study was to test whether the combination of carotenoids and polyphenols produce greater protective effects from UV-induced damage to skin cells. Such damage is characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress; thus, the photo-protective effect can be partially explained by modulating the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and antioxidant response element/Nrf2 (ARE/Nrf2) transcription systems, known as important regulators of these two processes. Indeed, it was found in keratinocytes that carotenoids and polyphenols inhibit UVB-induced NFκB activity and release of cytokine IL-6. A combination of tomato extract with rosemary extract inhibited UVB-induced release of IL-6 more than each of the compounds alone. Moreover, this combination synergistically activated ARE/Nrf2 transcription systems. Inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNFα induce the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which leads to collagen breakdown; thus, it is important to note that carnosic acid reduced TNFα-induced MMP-1 secretion from human dermal fibroblasts. The in vitro results suggest beneficial effects of phytonutrient combinations on skin health. To assure that clinical experiments to prove such effects in humans are feasible, the human bioavailability of carotenoids from tomato extract was tested, and nearly a twofold increase in their plasma concentrations was detected. This study demonstrates that carotenoids and polyphenols cooperate in balancing UV-induced skin cell damage, and suggests that NFκB and ARE/Nrf2 are involved in these effects.

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Protective Effect of Spirulina-Derived C-Phycocyanin against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage in HaCaT Cells

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57030273 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 273

Author(s):

Young Ah Jang ◽

Bo Ae Kim

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Ultraviolet B ◽

Control Group ◽

Hacat Cells ◽

Uvb Radiation ◽

Skin Damage ◽

Blue Green Algae ◽

Radiation Group ◽

Skin Wrinkles

Background and objectives: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelm the antioxidant defense system, induce oxidative stress, and increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, resulting in skin aging. Thus, preventing ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin damage can attenuate skin aging. Spirulina (a biomass of cyanobacteria, also called blue-green algae) is comprised of prokaryotes, whereas microalgae are eukaryotes and are rich in phycocyanin, a powerful antioxidant. Materials and Methods: Here, we investigated the photoprotective effects of spirulina-derived C-phycocyanin (C-PC) against UVB radiation using keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Results: UVB radiation increased MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression but decreased involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin expression. C-PC showed no toxicity at concentrations of 5–80 μg/mL in terms of HaCaT cell viability. UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells had a 50.8% survival rate, which increased to 80.3% with C-PC treatment. MMP expression increased with UVB treatment, whereas MMP-1 and MMP-9 concentrations decreased with C-PC treatment. UVB reduced involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin expression in HaCaT cells, but 80 μg/mL C-PC increased their expression by >25%. In the UVB radiation group, dichlorofluorescin diacetate fluorescence intensity in HaCaT cells increased by 81.6% compared with that in the control group, whereas ROS production was reduced by 51.2% and 55.1% upon treatment with 40 and 80 μg/mL C-PC, respectively. Conclusions: C-PC might reduce or prevent skin aging by reducing UVB irradiation-induced skin wrinkles and free radicals.

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Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Carnosic Acid and Carnosol in Standardized Rosemary Extract and the Effect on the Disease Activity Index of DSS-Induced Colitis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030773 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 773

Author(s):

Jacob P. Veenstra ◽

Bhaskar Vemu ◽

Restituto Tocmo ◽

Mirielle C. Nauman ◽

Jeremy J. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Disease Activity ◽

Activity Index ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Disease Activity Index ◽

Carnosic Acid ◽

Rosemary Extract ◽

Oral Gavage ◽

Barrier Integrity ◽

Dietary Phytochemicals ◽

Intestinal Barrier Integrity

Rosemary extract (RE) is an approved food preservative in the European Union and contains dietary phytochemicals that are beneficial for gastrointestinal health. This study investigated the effects of RE on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and also determined the pharmacokinetics of dietary phytochemicals administered to mice via oral gavage. Individual components of rosemary extract were separated and identified by LC–MS/MS. The pharmacokinetics of two major diterpenes from RE, carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CL), administered to mice via oral gavage were determined. Then, the effect of RE pre-treatment on the disease activity index (DAI) of DSS-induced colitis in mice was investigated. The study determined that 100 mg/kg RE significantly improved DAI in DSS-induced colitis compared to negative control. Sestrin 2 protein expression, which increased with DSS exposure, was reduced with RE treatment. Intestinal barrier integrity was also shown to improve via fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–dextran administration and Western blot of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), a tight junction protein. Rosemary extract was able to improve the DAI of DSS-induced colitis in mice at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg and showed improvement in the intestinal barrier integrity. This study suggests that RE can be an effective preventative agent against IBD.

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Ex Vivo Human Trabecular Bone Model for Biocompatibility Evaluation of Calcium Phosphate Composites Modified with Spray Dried Biodegradable Microspheres

Advanced Healthcare Materials ◽

10.1002/adhm.201200390 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (10) ◽

pp. 1361-1369 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Julia Schnieders ◽

Uwe Gbureck ◽

Oliver Germershaus ◽

Marita Kratz ◽

David B. Jones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Trabecular Bone ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Biodegradable Microspheres ◽

Bone Model ◽

Human Trabecular Bone ◽

Spray Dried

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Autophagy Declines with Premature Skin Aging resulting in Dynamic Alterations in Skin Pigmentation and Epidermal Differentiation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21165708 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (16) ◽

pp. 5708

Author(s):

Daiki Murase ◽

Ayumi Kusaka-Kikushima ◽

Akira Hachiya ◽

Rachel Fullenkamp ◽

Anita Stepp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Skin Pigmentation ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Epidermal Differentiation ◽

Protein Homeostasis ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Traffic System ◽

Skin Integrity ◽

Barrier Defect ◽

Cellular Components

Autophagy is a membrane traffic system that provides sustainable degradation of cellular components for homeostasis, and is thus considered to promote health and longevity, though its activity declines with aging. The present findings show deterioration of autophagy in association with premature skin aging. Autophagy flux was successfully determined in skin tissues, which demonstrated significantly decreased autophagy in hyperpigmented skin such as that seen in senile lentigo. Furthermore, an exacerbated decline in autophagy was confirmed in xerotic hyperpigmentation areas, accompanied by severe dehydration and a barrier defect, which showed correlations with skin physiological conditions. The enhancement of autophagy in skin ex vivo ameliorated skin integrity, including pigmentation and epidermal differentiation. The present results indicate that the restoration of autophagy can contribute to improving premature skin aging by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors via the normalization of protein homeostasis.

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Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) Extracts Containing Carnosic Acid and Carnosol are Potent Quorum Sensing Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9040149 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 149 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Seitaro Nakagawa ◽

Greg G. Hillebrand ◽

Gabriel Nunez

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Quorum Sensing ◽

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Specific Inhibitor ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Carnosic Acid ◽

Luciferase Reporter ◽

Rosemary Extract ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis L

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen and a common cause of skin infection. S. aureus also plays a role in the pathogenesis of the chronic inflammatory skin disease, atopic dermatitis. S. aureus virulence involves activation of the quorum sensing agr operon. In this paper, we show that the diterpene carnosic acid, present in R. officinalis L. (rosemary) leaves, is a specific inhibitor of S. aureus agr expression as low as 5 μM. Carnosol and rosmarinic acid are two other phytochemicals present in rosemary leaves. Carnosol, but not rosmarinic acid, is also a potent agr expression inhibitor. Natural rosemary extracts containing carnosic acid and carnosol inhibit S. aureus agr expression, both in luciferase reporter strains and in wild type strains isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis. Specific inhibition of S. aureus virulence using topical formulations of rosemary extract may offer a practical approach to preventing and treating flares of atopic dermatitis.

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