scholarly journals Modeling Alleviative Effects of Ca, Mg, and K on Cu-Induced Oxidative Stress in Grapevine Roots Grown Hydroponically

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5356
Author(s):  
Kai-Wei Juang ◽  
Yu-Jin Lo ◽  
Bo-Ching Chen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Simultaneous Exposure ◽  
Model Parameterization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mda Content

The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of alleviation effects of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) on copper (Cu)-induced oxidative toxicity in grapevine roots. Root growth, Cu and cation accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and antioxidant activities were examined in grapevine roots grown in nutrient solutions. The experimental setting was divided into three sets; each set contained a check (Hoagland solution only) and four treatments of simultaneous exposure to 15 μM Cu with four cation levels (i.e., Ca set: 0.5, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM Ca; Mg set: 0.2, 2, 4, and 8 mM Mg; K set: 0.6, 2.4, 4.8, and 9.6 mM K). A damage assessment model (DAM)-based approach was then developed to construct the dose-effect relationship between cation levels and the alleviation effects on Cu-induced oxidative stress. Model parameterization was performed by fitting the model to the experimental data using a nonlinear regression estimation. All data were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by multiple comparisons using the least significant difference (LSD) test. The results showed that significant inhibitory effects on the elongation of roots occurred in grapevine roots treated with 15 μM Cu. The addition of Ca and Mg significantly mitigated phytotoxicity in root growth, whereas no significant effect of K treatment on root growth was found. With respect to oxidative stress, ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, as well as antioxidant (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) activities, were stimulated in the roots after exposure to 15 μM Cu for three days. Moreover, H2O2 levels decreased significantly as Ca, Mg, and K concentrations increased, indicating that the coexistence of these cations effectively alleviated Cu-induced oxidative stress; however, alleviative effects were not observed in the assessment of the MDA content and antioxidant enzyme activities. Based on the DAM, an exponential decay equation was developed and successfully applied to characterize the alleviative effects of Ca, Mg, and K on the H2O2 content induced by Cu in the roots. In addition, compared with Mg and K, Ca was the most effective cation in the alleviation of Cu-induced ROS. Based on the results, it could be concluded that Cu inhibited root growth and Ca and Mg absorption in grapevines, and stimulated the production of ROS, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, the alleviation effects of cations on Cu-induced ROS were well described by the DAM-based approach developed in the present study.

scholarly journals 57 Carnosine prevents oxidative damage in myoblast cells derived from porcine skeletal muscle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 59-59
Author(s):  
Marie-France Palin ◽  
Jérôme Lapointe ◽  
Claude Gariépy ◽  
Danièle Beaudry ◽  
Claudia Kalbe
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Myoblast Cells

Abstract Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a molecule naturally and exclusively present in muscle food with the highest concentrations found in skeletal muscles and brain of the animal. Among its numerous biochemical properties, carnosine has antioxidant activity which include metal ion chelation and free radical scavenging. We have recently reported that high muscle carnosine content in pig is associated with better meat quality. Moreover, supplementing pigs with β-alanine reduced oxidative damage to Longissimus muscle (LM) lipids and proteins. Among previously reported antioxidant activities, carnosine was found to limit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increase antioxidant enzyme activities. However, these studies were mainly conducted in rodents and cell lines and mechanisms in play remain to be characterized. To determine the effect of carnosine in preventing oxidative damage and characterize the mechanisms in play, we have undertaken experiments using the progeny (myoblasts) of satellite cells isolated from the LM of newborn piglets. Cells were treated with carnosine (0, 10, 25 and 50 mM) for 48 h and were then either collected immediately or treated with H2O2 (0.3 mM, 1 h) to induce an oxidative stress. Our results showed that carnosine prevents oxidative stress through the reduction of total intracellular ROS and by modulating the antioxidant system in myoblasts.Carnosine increased the mRNA abundance of NEF2L2, a transcription factor activated by oxidative stress, and several of its downstream regulated antioxidant genes. Western blot analyses further suggest that the protective effect of carnosine on H2O2-induced oxidative stress is mediated through the p38 MAPK intracellular pathway. Finally, the addition of carnosine to H2O2-treated myoblasts increased the basal cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR), the ATP-linked OCR and proton leaks, thus suggesting an effect of carnosine on mitochondrial functions. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the important role of carnosine in preventing oxidative damage in porcine muscle cells.

Protective effects of polysaccharide from Euphorbia kansui (Euphorbiaceae) on the swimming exercise-induced oxidative stress in mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1071-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farong Yu ◽  
Shunqing Lu ◽  
Fahong Yu ◽  
Shutao Feng ◽  
Peter M. McGuire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Swimming Exercise ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Euphorbia Kansui ◽  
Exercise Induced

The present study examined the effects of derivatives of galactosides and glucosides in a polysaccharide extract from Euphorbia kansui (Euphorbiaceae) on exercise-induced oxidative stress in mice. Exhaustive swimming exercise significantly increases the degree of lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde content and reduces the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Our findings revealed that chronic oral treatment with the extract elevates enzymatic activities of SOD and GPx accompanied by a corresponding decrease in malondialdehyde. The antioxidative activities of these compounds against exercise-induced oxidative stress are correlated with various activities such as reducing the production of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, enhancing antioxidative defenses, and increasing the production of SOD and GPx activity and expression in different tissues. These compounds may be involved in glycogen metabolism to meet the requirement of working skeletal muscles and act as antioxidants by terminating the chain reaction of lipid peroxidation to maintain the morphological stability of mitochondria in spinal motor neurons. These observations suggest that E. kansui has antioxidative and antifatigue properties and can be given as prophylactic and (or) therapeutic supplements for increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and preventing lipid peroxidation during strenuous exercise.

Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Extends Lifespan and Ameliorate HAART Drug-Induced Locomotor, Reproductive, and Antioxidant Deficits in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Walter Mdekera Iorjiim ◽  
Simeon Omale ◽  
Great David Bagu ◽  
Steven Samuel Gyang ◽  
Emmanuel Taiwo Alemika
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

Aim: To evaluate the longevity and ameliorative activities of Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) extract against some HAART drug-induced toxicities in Drosophila melanogaster. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted at the Drosophila laboratory, Africa Centre of Excellence in phytomedicine Research and Development (ACEPRD), University of Jos-Nigeria, between August 2019 - March 2020.  D. melanogaster (1-3 day) were first exposed for life to different concentrations of MOL (50 – 500 mg) or 25 mM Ascorbic acid or 1000 µL distilled water to determine longevity. Secondly, flies were fed on 46.56 mg of HAART drugs (Efavirenz-based or Dolutegravir-based) alone or supplemented with MOL 250 mg or 500 mg per 10 g fly food in five replicates for seven days. Afterward, longevity, fecundity, and negative geotaxis were evaluated. Also, activities of Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, as well as Malondialdehyde content as biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated using whole fly homogenate. Statistical significance was taken at P<0.05 or (P<0.006) (Bonferroni adjusted P-value for multiple curve comparisons.  Results: The MOL extract significantly (P<0.001) increased fly longevity compared to control groups. Similarly, supplementation with 500 mg MOL extracts significantly (P<0.05) ameliorate HAART drug-induced deficits in climbing ability, fecundity, SOD, and CAT activities as well as MDA content compared to groups exposed to HAART drugs alone respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that   M. oleifera leaf extract extends lifespan and ameliorate HAART drug-induced toxicities via its antioxidant activities. This was supported by improved locomotor and reproductive decline, and restoration of the deficits in the biomarkers of oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, and MDA) in D. melanogaster.

scholarly journals Chlorella Vulgaris Biomass Supplementation Increased the Abundance of Hepatic Antioxidant Proteins in Relation to Oxidative Stress Reduction in Rabbits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akeem Babatunde Sikiru ◽  
Arangasamy Arunachalam ◽  
Stephen Sunday Acheneje Egena ◽  
Sejian Veerasamy ◽  
Ippala Janardhan Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antioxidant Proteins

Abstract Background Chlorella vulgaris is a unicellular microalga that is rich in antioxidant, its supplementation has been reported to reduce oxidative stress via upregulations of antioxidant genes. However, there are scarce reports on its effect on antioxidant protein expressions in rabbits – a situation which necessitate an untargeted proteomic profile analysis due to its supplementation. This is because untargeted proteomics profiling is an approach suitable for assessing the effectiveness of genes code translation into polypeptide chains folded into functional proteins used for specific sub-cellular or extracellular physiological activities. It remains one of the comparative avenues for evaluating the efficacies of drugs and nutraceutical agents including antioxidants. In this study, the antioxidant efficacy of a microalga Chlorella vulgaris was evaluated at molecular levels using its hepatic protein expression in rabbit models. Results After 120 days of the microalga supplementation, protein was extracted from liver of the rabbits for untargeted proteomics profiling using LC-MS/Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid™ peptides quantifier and sequencer. There were five-hundred and eleven (511) proteins identified; and among the proteins, 191 were specific to the control group while 186 were specific to the Treatment group; and 134 were common to both groups. Independent samples t-test of the protein abundance indicated that there was a significant difference (p = 0.01) between the treatment and the control groups. There was also a significant reduction in the malondialdehyde concentrations (p = 0.01), higher total antioxidant capacities (p = 0.002), and increased antioxidant enzyme activities (p = 0.05) between the treatment and control groups.Conclusion The study concluded that one of the molecular mechanisms associated with Chlorella vulgaris intake reduction of the hepatic oxidative stress is increased abundances of antioxidant proteins and reduction of the lipid peroxidation and these led to a suggestion that the microalga is a potent antioxidant agent suitable for protecting against oxidative stress in rabbits and other domestic food producing animals.

scholarly journals Determination of in Vitro Antioxidant Enzyme Capacity and Oxidative Stress Levels in Mazı Meşesi (Quercus infectoria)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 814-817
Author(s):  
İlter Demirhan ◽  
Büşra Çitil ◽  
Mehmet Özyurt ◽  
Meltem Güngör ◽  
Erkan Öner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quercus Infectoria

South East Anatolia Region has a large genetic plant diversity due to its physical and different climatic charesteristics. These plants are potential sources of antioxidants that prevent oxidative stress caused by oxygen and photons. In recent years, it has become important to study the antioxidant capacity of many molecules found naturally in foods and biological systems. The reason for this is that it is believed that when the consumption of food rich in antioxidants is increased, the risk of developing different degenerative diseases will be reduced. In this study, it was aimed to measure the antoxidant capacity of Quercus infectoria, G.olivier gal seeds grown in Southeastern Anatolia. Q. infectoria gal seeds from Sanlıurfa province were used in our study. Q. infectoria gal seeds were extracted with water, ethanol and methanol and then antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and malondialdehyde levels, which are indicators of oxidative stress were determined by spectrophotometric methods. It was found that the antioxidant capacity (catalase and superoxide dismutase activities) of extracts obtained from ethanol and methanol were higher and their malondialdehyde levels were statistically lower than those obtained from water. However, it was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde levels of the extracts obtained from methanol compared to the extracts obtained from ethanol. It has been concluded that Q. infectoria gal seed has a effective antioxidant effect. In addition, it was observed that extracts obtained from ethanol and methanol have higher antioxidant capacity than extracts obtained from water.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Fracture Admitted to Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital in Zahedan

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Karajibani ◽  
Farzaneh Montazerifar ◽  
Faezeh Kazemi ◽  
Ali Reza Dashipour
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Mean

Background: Caused by an imbalance in the body’s oxidant and antioxidant status, oxidative stress can give rise to tissue damage and exacerbation of many diseases. Objectives: This study investigated the oxidative stress markers in patients with fractures and healthy subjects. Methods: In a cross-sectional case-control study, 40 patients with fractures admitted to an orthopedic ward and 40 healthy, non-fractured patients were selected using convenience sampling. Serum was analyzed for oxidant and antioxidant activities based on standard methods. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a significant difference in mean TAC between the case (748.2 ± 302.83 μmol/L) and control (984.90 ± 207.02 μmol/L) groups (P = 0.003). The mean MDA was 16.61 ± 4.16 µmol/L in the case group and 18.45 ± 5.43 µmol/L in the control group (P = 0.09). The mean SOD was 63.41 ± 16.67 U/g Hb in the case group and 58.54 ± 21.83 U/g Hb in the control group (P = 0.2). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of BMI and other variables. Conclusions: A significant difference existed in TAC between the two groups, which indicated increased oxidative stress in patients. However, oxidative stress could occur before and after undergoing fractures. The results suggested a slight, but not significant, difference between the two groups in the SOD and MDA scores. More conclusive results are required to determine the enzymatic and non-enzymatic markers of oxidative stress in larger sample sizes and during different stages of treatment.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical changes in waterlog tolerant sesame genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Saha ◽  
F Ahmed ◽  
N Mokarroma ◽  
MM Rohman ◽  
PC Golder
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Sesame Genotypes

An experiment was conducted under pot culture to investigate physiological responses as well as antioxidative enzymes activities that may lead to select sesame genotype (s) which were more waterlogging tolerant at vegetative stage. Four sesame genotypes viz. BD-6980, BD- 6985, BD-6992 and BD-7012 were grown under waterlogged (at vegetative stage) and control (no waterlogged) conditions. Plant height, root length, root volume, root dry weight and leaf area per plant in all the four sesame genotypes significantly decreased due to waterlogging at vegetative stage in comparison to controlled condition. Higher SPAD value (Soil and Plant Analyzer Development) and specific leaf mass were recorded in waterlogged plant than controlled plant during waterlogging period but reverse was the case during recovery period. All the genotypes showed positive indices of waterlogging tolerance in terms of better performance of root, stem, leaf and petiole. Among the genotypes, BD 6980 showed higher waterlogging tolerance in all the components followed by BD 6985. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was found higher in waterlogged plant of all the four sesame genotypes in both waterlogging period and recovery period than the controlled plant. Antioxidant enzyme activities like Peroxidase (POD), Catalase (CAT), Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Superoxide dismutase(SOD) were inconsistent in the present study but most of the antioxidant enzyme activities showed an increasing trend in waterlogged plant than that of control plant in all the genotypes. Comparatively low amount of MDA content and high antioxidant activities of sesame genotype BD 6980 is considered as highly tolerant to waterlogging and other three genotypes are moderately tolerant under water logging condition.SAARC J. Agri., 14(2): 31-45 (2016)

scholarly journals Celastrol pretreatment as a therapeutic option against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tugce Boran ◽  
Aysenur Gunaydin ◽  
Ayse Tarbin Jannuzzi ◽  
Eren Ozcagli ◽  
Buket Alpertunga
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Celastrol is a natural bioactive compound extracted from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. It exhibits immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug in the treatment of a wide range of tumors. Although very effective therapeutically, it can cause nephrotoxicity leading to dose reduction or discontinuation of treatment. This study aims to clarify the therapeutic potential of celastrol in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The possible protective effects of celastrol pretreatment against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity were investigated. A rat kidney epithelial cell line NRK-52E was pretreated with the desired concentrations of celastrol (200 nM, 100 nM, and 50 nM) for 24 h. The cells were treated with 50 μM cisplatin for a further 24 h to see whether cisplatin caused the same or less toxicity compared to the vehicle control group. Alkaline comet assay was performed for genotoxicity assessment. Genotoxicity evaluation revealed that celastrol caused a statistically significant reduction in DNA damage. Oxidative stress parameters were evaluated by measuring the glutathione (GSH) and protein carbonyl (PC) levels and also by measuring the enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. Celastrol pretreatment increased the GSH content of the cells and ameliorated the protein carbonylation level. Likewise, celastrol pretreatment improved the GR and CAT activities. However, no significant difference was observed in GPx and SOD activities. In the light of these findings, celastrol treatment could be a therapeutic option to reduce cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Further studies are needed for the clarification of its therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Athletes Undertaking Regular Exercise Training

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trent A. Watson ◽  
Lesley K. MacDonald-Wicks ◽  
Manohar L. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Β Carotene

Exercise has been shown to increase the production of reactive oxygen species to a point that can exceed antioxidant defenses to cause oxidative stress. Dietary intake of antioxidants, physical activity levels, various antioxidants and oxidative stress markers were examined in 20 exercise-trained “athletes” and 20 age- and sex-matched sedentary “controls.” Plasma F2-isoprostanes, antioxidant enzyme activities, and uric acid levels were similar in athletes and sedentary controls. Plasma α-tocopherol and β-carotene were higher in athletes compared with sedentary controls. Total antioxidant capacity tended to be lower in athletes, with a significant difference between male athletes and male controls. Dietary intakes of antioxidants were also similar between groups and well above recommended dietary intakes for Australians. These findings suggest that athletes who consume a diet rich in antioxidants have elevated plasma α-tocopherol and β-carotene that were likely to be brought about by adaptive processes resulting from regular exercise.

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of grapeseeds against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulahad Dogan ◽  
Ismail Celik
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Serum Marker ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Group I ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Group Ii

The present study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant role of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seeds (GS) against ethanol-induced oxidative stress. The hepatoprotective and antioxidant roles of the GS supplementation feed against ethanol-induced oxidative stress were evaluated by measuring liver damage serum marker enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase, antioxidant defence system such as GSH, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in various tissues of rats. Rats were divided into four experimental groups: I (control), II (20 % ethanol), III (15 % GS) and IV (20 % ethanol+15 % GS). According to the results, the level of serum marker enzymes was significantly increased in group II as compared to that of group I, but decreased in group IV as compared to that of group II. Also, administration of GS-supplemented food restored the ethanol-induced MDA, which was increased near the control level. The results indicated that GS could be as important as diet-derived antioxidants in preventing oxidative damage in the tissues by reducing the lipid oxidation or inhibiting the production of ethanol-induced free radicals in rats.

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