scholarly journals Germination and Early Development of Three Spontaneous Plant Species Exposed to Nanoceria (nCeO2) with Different Concentrations and Particle Sizes

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2534
Author(s):  
Daniel Lizzi ◽  
Alessandro Mattiello ◽  
Barbara Piani ◽  
Guido Fellet ◽  
Alessio Adamiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Plant Seedlings

This study aimed to provide insight regarding the influence of Ce oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2) with different concentrations and two different particle sizes on the germination and root elongation in seedlings of spontaneous terrestrial species. In a bench-scale experiment, seeds of the monocot, Holcus lanatus and dicots Lychnis-flos-cuculi and Diplotaxis tenuifolia were treated with solutions containing nCeO2 25 nm and 50 nm in the range 0–2000 mg Ce L−1. The results show that nCeO2 enters within the plant tissues. Even at high concentration, nCeO2 have positive effects on seed germination and the development of the seedling roots. This study further demonstrated that the particle size had no influence on the germination of L. flos-cuculi, while in H. lanatus and D. tenuifolia, the germination percentage was slightly higher (+10%) for seeds treated with nCeO2 25 nm with respect to 50 nm. In summary, the results indicated that nCeO2 was taken up by germinating seeds, but even at the highest concentrations, they did not have negative effects on plant seedlings. The influence of the different sizes of nCeO2 on germination and root development was not very strong. It is likely that particle agglomeration and ion dissolution influenced the observed effects.

scholarly journals Negative effects of nitrogen override positive effects of phosphorus on grassland legumes worldwide

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (28) ◽  
pp. e2023718118
Author(s):  
Pedro M. Tognetti ◽  
Suzanne M. Prober ◽  
Selene Báez ◽  
Enrique J. Chaneton ◽  
Jennifer Firn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Protein Rich

Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment is driving global biodiversity decline and modifying ecosystem functions. Theory suggests that plant functional types that fix atmospheric nitrogen have a competitive advantage in nitrogen-poor soils, but lose this advantage with increasing nitrogen supply. By contrast, the addition of phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients may benefit such species in low-nutrient environments by enhancing their nitrogen-fixing capacity. We present a global-scale experiment confirming these predictions for nitrogen-fixing legumes (Fabaceae) across 45 grasslands on six continents. Nitrogen addition reduced legume cover, richness, and biomass, particularly in nitrogen-poor soils, while cover of non–nitrogen-fixing plants increased. The addition of phosphorous, potassium, and other nutrients enhanced legume abundance, but did not mitigate the negative effects of nitrogen addition. Increasing nitrogen supply thus has the potential to decrease the diversity and abundance of grassland legumes worldwide regardless of the availability of other nutrients, with consequences for biodiversity, food webs, ecosystem resilience, and genetic improvement of protein-rich agricultural plant species.

scholarly journals Bullying among adolescents: The role of skills

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 945-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Sarzosa ◽  
Sergio Urzúa
Keyword(s):  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Noncognitive Skills ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Factor Analytic Model ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Effects Of Bullying

Bullying cannot be tolerated as a normal social behavior portraying a child's life. This paper quantifies its negative consequences allowing for the possibility that victims and nonvictims differ in unobservable characteristics. To this end, we introduce a factor analytic model for identifying treatment effects of bullying in which latent cognitive and noncognitive skills determine victimization and multiple outcomes. We use early test scores to identify the distribution of these skills. Individual‐, classroom‐ and district‐level variables are also accounted for. Applying our method to longitudinal data from South Korea, we first show that while noncognitive skills reduce the chances of being bullied during middle school, the probability of being victimized is greater in classrooms with relatively high concentration of boys, previously self‐assessed bullies and students that come from violent families. We report bullying at age 15 has negative effects on physical and mental health outcomes at age 18. We also uncover heterogeneous effects by latent skills, from which we document positive effects on the take‐up of risky behaviors and negative effects on schooling attainment. Our findings suggest that investing in noncognitive development should guide policy efforts intended to deter this problematic behavior.

scholarly journals Addition of trace elements to Fagopyrum esculentum and F. tataricum / Dodajanje elementov v sledovih navadni in tatarski ajdi (Fagopyrum esculentum in F. tataricum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Mateja Germ ◽  
Nina Kacjan Maršić ◽  
Helena Šircelj ◽  
Ana Kroflič ◽  
Ana Jerše ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
High Or Low Temperature

Plants need at least 14 elements for normal functioning. Selenium (Se) is on the list of beneficial elements for plants, since it has many positive effects in a propriate concentrations. Iodine (I) is not yet classified on that list since there are not enough studies about the effect of I on plants. Selenium in plants may cause a delay of senescence and promote the growth of the ageing seedlings. Selenium also exhibits protective role in UV treated plants, plants, exposed to water shortage, and in plants, exposed to high or low temperature. High concentration of Se was reported to cause physiological disturbances in plants due to Se binding to cysteine and methionine molecules instead of S, and the inclusion of selenocysteine and selenomethionine in proteins. I might have a positive effect on plants, including its protective role in antioxidant activities in plants, exposed to different stress conditions. Both elements are in deficit in human nutrition in many countries worldwide. I and Se are needed for the optimal function of thyroid gland, thus simultaneous biofortification of crops is feasible for areas deficient in both elements. Selenium and I interfere with each other in pea, common buckwheat plants and in kohlrabi. Sulphur (S) and Se have similar chemical properties, and the assimilation of Se and S follows the S metabolic pathway. S induced the accumulation of Se in Tartary buckwheat in field experiment. Silicon (Si) enhances plant strength, ameliorates the negative effects of salinity, drought, and high or low temperatures, ameliorates metal toxicity, and increases plant resistance to different pathogens and herbivores. Key words: buckwheat, Fagopyrum, selenium, iodine, sulphur, silicon   Izvleček Rastline potrebujejo vsaj 14 elementov za normalno rast. Selen (Se) je na seznamu koristnih elementov za rastline, saj ima v ustreznih koncentracijah veliko pozitivnih učinkov na rastline. Jod (I) na ta seznam še ni uvrščen, saj ni dovolj raziskav o vplivu I na rastline. Selen pri rastlinah lahko zakasni proces staranja in pospeši rast sadik. Selen kaže tudi zaščitno vlogo pri rastlinah, izpostavljenih UV žarkom, rastlinah, ki so izpostavljene pomanjkanju vode, in rastlinah, ki so izpostavljene visokim ali nizkim temperaturam. Raziskovalci poročajo, da visoke koncentracije Se povzročajo fiziološke motnje v rastlinah zaradi vezave Se na molekule cisteina in metionina na mesto žvepla in vključitve selenocisteina in selenomethionina v beljakovine. Jod pozitivno vpliva na rastline, vključno s povečanjen njihove antioksidativne aktivnosti pri rastlinah, ki so izpostavljene različnim stresnim razmeram. V mnogih državah po svetu oba elementa primanjkujeta v prehrani ljudi. Jod in Se potrebujemo za optimalno delovanje ščitnice, zato je sočasna biofortifikacija poljščin smiselna na območjih s pomanjkanjem obeh elementov. Dodatek Se in I vplivata na akumulacijo drug drugega pri grahu, navadni ajdi in pri kolerabici. Žveplo (S) in Se imata podobne kemijske lastnosti, asimilacija Se in S pa sledi metabolni poti S. Žveplo je v poljskem poskusu, kjer smo rastlinam foliarno dodajali hkrati oba elementa, povzročilo povečano kopičenje Se v tatarski ajdi. Silicij (Si) povečuje trdnost rastlin, blaži negativne učinke slanosti, suše in visokih ali nizkih temperatur, blaži strupenost kovin in povečuje odpornost rastlin na patogene in rastlinojede. Ključne besede: ajda, Fagopyrum, selen, jod, žveplo, silicij

Undesirable Effects of Goal Setting on Perceived Fairness, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Keith
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The positive effects of goal setting on motivation and performance are among the most established findings of industrial–organizational psychology. Accordingly, goal setting is a common management technique. Lately, however, potential negative effects of goal-setting, for example, on unethical behavior, are increasingly being discussed. This research replicates and extends a laboratory experiment conducted in the United States. In one of three goal conditions (do-your-best goals, consistently high goals, increasingly high goals), 101 participants worked on a search task in five rounds. Half of them (transparency yes/no) were informed at the outset about goal development. We did not find the expected effects on unethical behavior but medium-to-large effects on subjective variables: Perceived fairness of goals and goal commitment were least favorable in the increasing-goal condition, particularly in later goal rounds. Results indicate that when designing goal-setting interventions, organizations may consider potential undesirable long-term effects.

Mobilizing for Some

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffael Heiss ◽  
Jörg Matthes
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Media ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
School Students ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Specific Factors

Abstract. This study investigated the effects of politicians’ nonparticipatory and participatory Facebook posts on young people’s political efficacy – a key determinant of political participation. We employed an experimental design, using a sample of N = 125 high school students (15–20 years). Participants either saw a Facebook profile with no posts (control condition), nonparticipatory posts, or participatory posts. While nonparticipatory posts did not affect participants’ political efficacy, participatory posts exerted distinct effects. For those high in trait evaluations of the politician presented in the stimulus material or low in political cynicism, we found significant positive effects on external and collective efficacy. By contrast, for those low in trait evaluations or high in cynicism, we found significant negative effects on external and collective efficacy. We did not find any effects on internal efficacy. The importance of content-specific factors and individual predispositions in assessing the influence of social media use on participation is discussed.

On the diversity of the effects of the state support for agriculture

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai M. Svetlov ◽  
Renata G. Yanbykh ◽  
Dariya A. Loginova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
State Support ◽  
Soft Budget Constraints ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Corporate Farms

In this paper, we assess the effects of agricultural state support of corporate farms on their revenues from agricultural production sales in 14 Russian regions that differ in technology, environment and institutional conditions. In addition to the direct effect of the state support, the indirect effects via labor and capital are revealed. For this purpose, we identify production functions and statistical models of production factors for each of these regions separately. We find out diverse effects of the state support on revenues among the regions. Positive effects prevail. Negative effects are mainly caused by labor reductions that follow subsidy inflows. Another cause of negative effects is the soft budget constraints phenomenon.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPOSES OF COW PEA (CV. PUSA BARSATI) GROWN ON FLY ASH AMENDED SOIL IN PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA AND RHIZOBIUM LEGUMINOSARUM

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Singh ◽  
A. A. Khan ◽  
Iram Khan ◽  
Rose Rizvi ◽  
M. Saquib
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Insignificant Difference

Plant growth, yield, pigment and protein content of cow-pea were increased significantly at lower levels (20 and 40%) of fly ash but reverse was true at higher levels (80 and 100%). Soil amended by 60% fly ash could cause suppression in growth and yield in respect to 40% fly ash treated cow-pea plants but former was found at par with control (fly ash untreated plants). Maximum growth occurred in plants grown in soil amended with 40% fly ash. Nitrogen content of cow-pea was suppressed progressively in increasing levels of fly ash. Moreover,  Rhizobium leguminosarum  influenced the growth and yield positively but Meloidogyne javanica caused opposite effects particularly at 20 and 40% fly ash levels. The positive effects of R. leguminosarum were marked by M. javanica at initial levels. However, at 80 and 100% fly ash levels, the positive and negative effects of R. leguminosarum and/or M. javanica did not appear as insignificant difference persist among such treatments.Key words:  Meloidogyne javanica; Rhizobium leguminosarum; Fly ash; Growth; YieldDOI: 10.3126/eco.v17i0.4098Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology Vol. 17, 2010 Page: 17-22 Uploaded date: 28 December, 2010  

Remedies in BRICS Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Avdasheva ◽  
Tatiana Radchenko
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
International Division ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Target Company ◽  
Specific Position

Within the group of BRICS, China, Russia, and South Africa use conduct remedies more often than developed jurisdictions. Remedies are applied under merger approval or as an outcome of investigation of anticompetitive conducts. Effects of conduct remedies on companies’ decisions and market performance still need explanation. This chapter explains the use of conduct remedies, with special emphasis on Russia, by the specific position of BRICS in international division of labor, which allows the large companies, and first of all domestic ones, to discriminate customers in BRICS home markets, vis-à-vis international customers. Together with positive effects on domestic customers, competition economics predicts the possibility of negative effects of remedies on the managerial decisions within the target company. Under some circumstances, remedies may even weaken competition in the global product markets.

scholarly journals The Experiences of Grief and Personal Growth in University Students: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1899
Author(s):  
Jovita Tan ◽  
Karl Andriessen
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Continuing Bonds ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Formal Services

Background: Experiencing the death of a close person, especially in emerging adults and students, can have profound effects on the bereaved individual’s life. As most research in this field has focused on negative effects of a loss, little is known about potential positive effects experienced by bereaved university students. This study investigated the experience of grief and personal growth in a sample of students from The University of Melbourne, Australia. Methods: Semi-structured interviews via Zoom/telephone with bereaved students (n = 14), who were invited to reflect on their loss and any personal growth potentially experienced. Thematic analysis of the data was based on a deductive and inductive approach. Results: The analysis identified four themes: (i) sharing of grief as a coping mechanism, (ii) balance between grief reactions and moving forward in life, (iii) lessons learned and personal growth, and (iv) adopting values from the deceased person and continuing bonds. Conclusions: Participants emphasized personal growth regarding self-perception and philosophical views on life. Following the loss, they preferred peer support, and used formal services only when they had a specific need. The findings indicate the importance of social support for bereaved students, and the complimentary role of peer and professional support. Hence, academic institutions should offer supportive services tailored to both students and professionals to help bereaved students.

scholarly journals Minimal Effects, Maximum Panic: Social Media and Democracy in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 205630512098445
Author(s):  
Eugenia Mitchelstein ◽  
Mora Matassi ◽  
Pablo J. Boczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects

In face of public discourses about the negative effects that social media might have on democracy in Latin America, this article provides a qualitative assessment of existing scholarship about the uses, actors, and effects of platforms for democratic life. Our findings suggest that, first, campaigning, collective action, and electronic government are the main political uses of platforms. Second, politicians and office holders, social movements, news producers, and citizens are the main actors who utilize them for political purposes. Third, there are two main positive effects of these platforms for the democratic process—enabling social engagement and information diffusion—and two main negative ones—the presence of disinformation, and the spread of extremism and hate speech. A common denominator across positive and negative effects is that platforms appear to have minimal effects that amplify pre-existing patterns rather than create them de novo.

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