scholarly journals Antibacterial Properties of Citric Acid/β-Alanine Carbon Dots against Gram-Negative Bacteria

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2012
Author(s):  
Anju Pandey ◽  
Asmita Devkota ◽  
Zeinab Yadegari ◽  
Korsi Dumenyo ◽  
Ali Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

While multi-drug resistance in bacteria is an emerging concern in public health, using carbon dots (CDs) as a new source of antimicrobial activity is gaining popularity due to their antimicrobial and non-toxic properties. Here we prepared carbon dots from citric acid and β-alanine and demonstrated their ability to inhibit the growth of diverse groups of Gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium, and Pectobacterium species. Carbon dots were prepared using a one-pot, three-minute synthesis process in a commercial microwave oven (700 W). The antibacterial activity of these CDs was studied using the well-diffusion method, and their minimal inhibitory concentration was determined by exposing bacterial cells for 20 h to different concentrations of CDs ranging from 0.5 to 10 mg/mL. Our finding indicates that these CDs can be an effective alternative to commercially available antibiotics. We also demonstrated the minimum incubation time required for complete inhibition of bacterial growth, which varied depending on bacterial species. With 15-min incubation time, A. tumefaciens and P. aeruginosa were the most sensitive strains, whereas E. coli and S. enterica were the most resistant bacterial strains requiring over 20 h incubation with CDs.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial-Resistant Enteric Bacteria from Dairy Cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish A. Sawant ◽  
Narasimha V. Hegde ◽  
Beth A. Straley ◽  
Sarah C. Donaldson ◽  
Brenda C. Love ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle

ABSTRACT A study was conducted to understand the descriptive and molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative enteric bacteria in the feces of healthy lactating dairy cattle. Gram-negative enteric bacteria resistant to ampicillin, florfenicol, spectinomycin, and tetracycline were isolated from the feces of 35, 8, 5, and 42% of 213 lactating cattle on 74, 39, 9, 26, and 82% of 23 farms surveyed, respectively. Antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria accounted for 5 (florfenicol) to 14% (tetracycline) of total gram-negative enteric microflora. Nine bacterial species were isolated, of which Escherichia coli (87%) was the most predominant species. MICs showing reduced susceptibility to ampicillin, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, spectinomycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline were observed in E. coli isolates. Isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin (48%), ceftiofur (11%), chloramphenicol (20%), florfenicol (78%), spectinomycin (18%), and tetracycline (93%). Multidrug resistance (≥3 to 6 antimicrobials) was seen in 40% of E. coli isolates from healthy lactating cattle. Of 113 tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates, tet(B) was the predominant resistance determinant and was detected in 93% of isolates, while the remaining 7% isolates carried the tet(A) determinant. DNA-DNA hybridization assays revealed that tet determinants were located on the chromosome. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates (n = 99 isolates) belonged to 60 subtypes, which is suggestive of a highly diverse population of tetracycline-resistant organisms. On most occasions, E. coli subtypes, although shared between cows within the herd, were confined mostly to a dairy herd. The findings of this study suggest that commensal enteric E. coli from healthy lactating cattle can be an important reservoir for tetracycline and perhaps other antimicrobial resistance determinants.

scholarly journals A high prevalence of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli in a Nepali tertiary care hospital and associated widespread distribution of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-encoding genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulochana Manandhar ◽  
Raphael M. Zellweger ◽  
Nhukesh Maharjan ◽  
Sabina Dongol ◽  
Krishna G. Prajapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Multi-drug resistance (MDR) and extensive-drug resistance (XDR) associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases in Gram-negative bacteria are global public health concerns. Data on circulating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Gram-negative bacteria and their correlation with MDR and ESBL phenotypes from Nepal is scarce. Methods A retrospective study was performed investigating the distribution of ESBL and carbapenemase genes and their potential association with ESBL and MDR phenotypes in E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp. and Acinetobacter spp. isolated in a major tertiary hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal, between 2012 and 2018. Results During this period, the hospital isolated 719 E. coli, 532 Klebsiella spp., 520 Enterobacter spp. and 382 Acinetobacter spp.; 1955/2153 (90.1%) of isolates were MDR and half (1080/2153) were ESBL producers. Upon PCR amplification, blaTEM (1281/1771; 72%), blaCTXM-1 (930/1771; 53%) and blaCTXM-8 (419/1771; 24%) were the most prevalent ESBL genes in the enteric bacilli. BlaOXA and blaOXA-51 were the most common blaOXA family genes in the enteric bacilli (918/1771; 25%) and Acinetobacter spp. (218/382; 57%) respectively. Sixteen percent (342/2153) of all isolates and 20% (357/1771) of enteric bacilli harboured blaNDM-1 and blaKPC carbapenemase genes respectively. Of enteric bacilli, Enterobacter spp. was the most frequently positive for blaKPC gene (201/337; 60%). The presence of each blaCTX-M and blaOXA were significantly associated with non-susceptibility to third generation cephalosporins (OR 14.7, p < 0.001 and OR 2.3, p < 0.05, respectively).The presence of each blaTEM, blaCTXM and blaOXA family genes were significantly associated with ESBL positivity (OR 2.96, p < 0.001; OR 14.2, p < 0.001 and OR 1.3, p < 0.05 respectively) and being MDR (OR 1.96, p < 0.001; OR 5.9, p < 0.001 and OR 2.3, p < 0.001 respectively). Conclusions This study documents an alarming level of AMR with high prevalence of MDR ESBL- and carbapenemase-positive ESKAPE microorganisms in our clinical setting. These data suggest a scenario where the clinical management of infected patients is increasingly difficult and requires the use of last-resort antimicrobials, which in turn is likely to intensify the magnitude of global AMR crisis.

scholarly journals 128. Adequacy of Commonly Prescribed Antimicrobials for Empiric Coverage of Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens Recovered from the Bloodstream of Patients Attending Emergency Rooms in Canada: Analysis of Data from the CANWARD Study, 2007 to 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S93-S93
Author(s):  
Andrew Walkty ◽  
Heather Adam ◽  
Melanie Baxter ◽  
Amina Henni ◽  
Philippe Lagace-Wiens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteremia ◽  
Average Proportion

Abstract Background Inadequate empiric antimicrobial therapy for Gram-negative bacteremia is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the proportion of Gram-negative bacterial isolates recovered from the bloodstream of patients attending Canadian emergency rooms (ERs) that remain susceptible to commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Methods Annually from 2007 to 2018, sentinel hospitals across Canada collected bloodstream isolates from patients attending ERs as part of the CANWARD study. Susceptibility testing was performed using broth microdilution as described by CLSI (data analysis limited to Gram-negative bacteria in the top 10 pathogens), with current CLSI breakpoints applied. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates were confirmed using the CLSI disk diffusion method. Results Gram-negative bacteria among the top 10 bloodstream pathogens for patients seen at ERs across Canada were: Escherichia coli (n = 2,414), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 573), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 211), Proteus mirabilis (n = 119), and Enterobacter cloacae (n = 114). Aggregate susceptibility of these isolates to common antimicrobials was as follows (% susceptible [S]): meropenem 99.4% S, piperacillin–tazobactam 98.5% S, gentamicin 93.3% S, ceftriaxone 88.1% S, ciprofloxacin 81.4% S, TMP-SMX 73.5% S. The most active antimicrobials evaluated vs. E. coli were meropenem (100% S), piperacillin–tazobactam (98.8% S), and ceftriaxone (93.3% S). Ceftriaxone susceptibility among E. coli isolates declined from 95.4% in 2007 to 89.8% in 2018. The average proportion of E. coli isolates that harbored an ESBL enzyme increased from 3.4% in the first three study years to 8.4% in the last three study years. The most active antimicrobials evaluated vs. K. pneumoniae isolates were meropenem (99.7% S), piperacillin–tazobactam (98.8% S), gentamicin (97.7% S), and ceftriaxone (96.9% S). Conclusion The most consistently active antimicrobials for empiric treatment of patients at Canadian ERs with Gram-negative bacteremia are meropenem and piperacillin–tazobactam. Ceftriaxone susceptibility among E. coli has declined over the last 12 years, mostly related to an increase in ESBL-producing isolates. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Detection of TEM and CTX-M Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Clinical Specimens at Tertiary Care Heart Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

Diseases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Ram Shankar Prasad Sah ◽  
Binod Dhungel ◽  
Binod Kumar Yadav ◽  
Nabaraj Adhikari ◽  
Upendra Thapa Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Esbl Producers

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Gram-negative pathogens, predominantly ESBL-producing clinical isolates, are increasing worldwide. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing clinical isolates, their antibiogram, and the frequency of ESBL genes (blaTEM and blaCTX-M) in the clinical samples from patients. Methods: A total of 1065 clinical specimens from patients suspected of heart infections were collected between February and August 2019. Bacterial isolates were identified on colony morphology and biochemical properties. Thus, obtained clinical isolates were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) using modified Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method, while ESBL producers were identified by using a combination disk diffusion method. ESBL positive isolates were further assessed using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the ESBL genes blaTEM and blaCTX-M. Results: Out of 1065 clinical specimens, 17.8% (190/1065) showed bacterial growth. Among 190 bacterial isolates, 57.4% (109/190) were Gram-negative bacteria. Among 109 Gram-negative bacteria, 40.3% (44/109) were E. coli, and 30.2% (33/109) were K. pneumoniae. In AST, 57.7% (n = 63) Gram-negative bacterial isolates were resistant to ampicillin and 47.7% (n = 52) were resistant to nalidixic acid. Over half of the isolates (51.3%; 56/109) were multidrug resistant (MDR). Of 44 E. coli, 27.3% (12/44) were ESBL producers. Among ESBL producer E. coli isolates, 58.4% (7/12) tested positive for the blaCTX-M gene and 41.6% (5/12) tested positive for the blaTEM gene. Conclusion: Half of the Gram-negative bacteria in our study were MDR. Routine identification of an infectious agent followed by AST is critical to optimize the treatment and prevent antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Spectrum of Imipenem and Meropenem Susceptibilities amongst Gram Negative Rods

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1807-1809
Author(s):  
Sadia Ikram ◽  
Anila Errum ◽  
Asma Inam ◽  
Farrukh Sarfaraz ◽  
Sadia Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Resistance Spectrum

Aim: To compare the resistance amongst Gram negative bacteria against imipenem and meropenem. Study Design: Prospective, non-randomized, descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Mughal Laboratories, Lahore from 1stJuly 2019 to 31stDecember 2019. Methodology: One hundred culture samples received, bacteria isolated and their susceptibilities to imipenem and meropenem were compared. Organisms were recognized by the microbiological techniques according to the current standards and susceptibility testing was done according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2020by using Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method. Results: Salmonella typhi, Citrobacter species and Proteus species were 100% sensitive to imipenem. The rest of bacterial isolates had sensitivities to E. coli 88%, Acinetobacter 80%, Klebsiella species 67% and Peudomonas species 64%. The meropenem is highly resistant in all the bacteria as compared to imipenem. Conclusion: Increasing the trend of carbapenem resistance amongst Gram negative bacteria excluding Salmonella typhi was recorded. Key words: Gram negative rods, Resistance, Spectrum

Phenotypic Characterisation of Klebseilla pneumoniae Carbapenemase and Metallo Beta-lactamase in Carbapenem Resistant Gram-negative Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thresia . ◽  
Surya Sankar ◽  
Siju Joseph ◽  
V.R. Ambily ◽  
Anu Bosewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Background: Antibiotic resistance is an emerging concern in the therapy of clinical infections worldwide. Previous studies conducted in our laboratory have confirmed an increase in the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) among the Gram-negative bacterial pathogens associated with dogs, which could act as a potential source for the transfer of these resistant pathogens or their genetic determinants to human. Since carbapenems are the last resort drugs against these resistant pathogens, the study was aimed to isolate and characterise carbapenem resistance among Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) associated with common clinical infections in dogs.Methods: A total of 100 samples were collected from lesional skin, urine and anterior vagina of dogs presented to the Veterinary Hospitals of Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University at Mannuthy and Thrissur. The samples were cultured onto Brain Heart Infusion Agar (BHIA), Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) and Mac Conkey (MAC) for isolation of bacteria. Identification of the isolates was performed based on cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test (ABST) against the 12 commonly used beta-lactam and non–beta-lactam group of antibiotics by disc diffusion method and further subjected to screening for ESBL double disc diffusion method. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were subjected to phenotypic confirmatory test for carbapenemase production employing Imipenem-EDTA and Ertapenem-boronic acid minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) strip method.Result: Forty four Gram-negative bacterial isolates obtained were viz., E. coli (30), K. pneumonia (11) and P. aeruginosa (3) from the 100 samples. Apart from these, other isolates obtained were Staphylococcus spp. (53) and Bacillus spp. (2). All the Gram-negative isolates were subjected to ABST employing 12 common antibiotics belonging to beta-lactam and non-beta-lactam groups. Multidrug resistance (MDR) could be observed in 28 E. coli, 11 K. pneumoniae and three P. aeruginosa isolates. All the 42 MDR isolates showed positive results for ESBL production. A total of 14 isolates out of the 44 Gram-negative bacilli were found to be resistant to carbapenem either to imipenem, meropenem or ertapenem. Among the 14 Gram-negative isolates, nine turned out to be positive for metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) and none for K. penumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) on phenotypic confirmatory test for detecting major carbapenemase enzymes. The present study documented that Gram- negative bacteria like E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa isolated from dogs are showing an increase rate of resistance against carbapenems which are the last resort drugs against ESBL producers. Hence, there is an urgent need to curb the irrational and excessive use of antibiotics in veterinary sector.

Bacterial Pattern of Community acquired Urinary Tract Infections: A Challenge for Antimicrobial Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Nader A. Nemr ◽  
Rania M. Kishk ◽  
Mohammed Abdou ◽  
Hassnaa Nassar ◽  
Noha M Abu bakr Elsaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered one of the most common bacterial infections seen in health care. To our knowledge, there is no available antimicrobial resistance surveillance system for monitoring of community-acquired UTIs (CA- UTIs) in our country. Objectives: we aimed to discuss the bacterial pattern and resistance profile of CA-UTIs in Ismailia, Egypt. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 400 patients suffering from symptoms of acute UTIs. Urine specimens were collected by clean-catch mid-stream method, examined microscopically and inoculated immediately on blood agar and MacConkey's agar plates. Colony counting, isolation and identification of the urinary pathogens were performed by the conventional biochemical tests according to the isolated organism. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Interpretation was performed according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: out of 400 specimens, 136 of them revealed no bacterial growth or insignificant bacteriuria. Most of participants with UTI were females (81.8%) (p=0.008) and 54.5% of them were married (P=0.1). Gram negative bacteria were more common than Gram positive representing 66 % and 34% respectively. E. coli was the most common isolated organism (39%) followed by S. aureus (32%), K. Pneumoniae and Pseudomonas (10.5% for each), Proteus (6%) and Enterococci (2%). E. coli isolates showed the highest susceptibility to imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, nitrofurantoin, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Most of our patients were diabetics (64.8%) (p=0.004). The mean ± SD of HbA1c was 6.4±2.0 with 4 to 12.6 range, S.E was 0.1 and 95% C.I was 6.2- 6.7. The highest mean ± SD of HbA1c was in S. aureus infections. Conclusion: Gram negative bacteria were most common than Gram positive with predominance of E. coli with significant relation to the presence of diabetes.

scholarly journals Neonate Bloodstream Infections (BSI) in China: Emerging Threat of Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
hua zou ◽  
Ligang Zhou ◽  
Yan Shen ◽  
Chunli Li ◽  
Qiuhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Background: Bloodstream Infections (BSIs) continue to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, which multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens present an ever-growing burden in the hospital and community settings. Data on antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of BSIs pathogens among hospitalized neonates in China are few and not clearly defined. Methods: we retrospectively collected clinical and bacteria data about patients with BSI from 2013 to 2017 in Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children. The patients were divided into the early- and late-onset BSI groups according to if BSI occurred within or beyond 72 hours after admission.Results: 210 BSIs occurred from January 1st, 2014 to December 31th, 2019. Of all included 210 patients, there were 99(47.14%), 105 (50.00%), and 6 (2.86%) infected with gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi, respectively. For early-onset BSI, the predominated pathogen was E. coli, accounting for 59.6% with 29.72% producing of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). CNS (40.3%), K. pneumoniae (23.8%), and E. coli (20.9%) constitute the main causes of late-onset BSIs. Notably, 75.0% of K. pneumoniae produced ESBLs and 81.3% were MDR, which were higher than early-onset BSIs. Late onset BSIs and antibiotic exposure were significantly associated with MDR infection. Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria gradually became the main pathogenic bacteria, among which E. coli and K. pneumoniae accounted for the largest proportion. The phenomenon of multi-drug resistance of bacteria is serious, and the first-line drug can't meet the practical needs. Late onset sepsis and antibiotic exposure were significantly associated with MDR infection.

scholarly journals Frequency of ESBL in Surgical Site Infection at a Tertiary Care Hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Saiful Islam ◽  
M Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
M Badrul Islam ◽  
Waseka Akhter Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Esbl Producers

Background: Infection caused by ESBL in the surgical site infection is very alarming. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the status of ESBL bacteria isolated from surgical site infection with their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern.Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January, 2005 to December, 2005 for a period of one (1) year. All the patients presented with surgical site infections at any age with both sexes were included a study population. Detection of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Gram negative bacteria was done by using disc diffusion method and was confirmed by E- test ESBL method. Sensitivity pattern of ESBL producers were observed against quinolone and fluoroquinolones. ESBLs are the enzymes capable of hydrolyzing all penicillin, monobactam and cephalosporins except cephamycin, but inactive against imipenem.Result: A total number of 92 surgical wound samples were collected of which 68(73.9%) samples were culture positive. Interestingly, most of the E. coli was ESBL positive (55.0%). Klebsiella species was 33.1% ESBL positive. ESBL positivity of Proteus and Pseudomonas species were low (11.1%). Among the isolated Pseudomonas species, 1(6.67%) of the 15 strains isolated from wound swab was ESBL producers. ESBL positivity was significantly found in surgically wound samples (p=0.0001). Among the ESBL producers, all the E. coli, Klebsiella species, Proteus species and Pseudomonas species were resistant to amoxicillin, cephradine, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, ceftazidime and cefotaxime. All the Gram negative bacteria were sensitive to imipenam. Conclusion: A considerable numbers of ESBL producing bacteria were detected from surgical wound.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jcamr.v1i2.20514 Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research Vol.1(2) 2014: 25-29

scholarly journals Patterns of Antimicrobial and Multi Drug Resistance in E. coli and Salmonella Isolates of Commercial and Non-Commercial Poultry

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Asghar Ali Kamboh
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
The Status ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Commercial Poultry

The extensive and abuse of antibiotics have contributed to the universal spread of antibiotic resistance (AR). Commercial poultry birds harbor more antibiotic-resistant microorganisms than the backyard chicken, but the status is not published in quails. This study was designed to investigate the status of AR microbiota in C0: backyard chickens, C1: commercial broiler, Q0: backyard/wild quails and Q1: commercial quails (n=20). Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella isolates from carcass and ceca of these chickens and quails were investigated for incidence and extent of AR using disk diffusion method. The results of overall microbiota of the experimental birds revealed that C1 showed a greater (P < 0.01) AR as compared with C0 for ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, neomycin, norfloxacin, oxytetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole, with about 57.39, 57.24, 38.78, 62.92, 36.51, 67.61, 55.83 and 55.68% greater incidence of AR, respectively. Similarly, Q1 also exhibited a greater (P < 0.01) AR than Q0 for these antibiotics, with about 65.59, 58.44, 54.38, 54.38, 55.68, 51.62, 54.87, and 64.93%, respectively. Moreover, the results of individual microbial numbers of both the pathogenic bacterial isolates from C1 and Q1 exhibited a higher (P < 0.01) AR for all tested antimicrobials than those isolated from C0 and Q0. Additionally, the E. coli and Salmonella isolates of C1 and Q1 were more (P < 0.05) multi drug resistant (MDR) as compared with C0 and Q0. Furthermore, the extent of AR was greater in E. coli and Salmonella isolates of C1 and Q1 in contrast to those of C0 and Q0. Finally, C1 and Q1 harbored a greater number of MDR bacterial species than those in C0 and Q0 thus may act as risk factors for antimicrobial dissemination. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document