Is Acrylamide as Harmful as We Think? A New Look at the Impact of Acrylamide on the Viability of Beneficial Intestinal Bacteria of the Genus Lactobacillus

The impact of acrylamide (AA) on microorganisms is still not clearly understood as AA has not induced mutations in bacteria, but its epoxide analog has been reported to be mutagenic in Salmonella strains. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether AA could influence the growth and viability of beneficial intestinal bacteria. The impact of AA at concentrations of 0–100 µg/mL on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was examined. Bacterial growth was evaluated by the culture method, while the percentage of alive, injured, and dead bacteria was assessed by flow cytometry after 24 h and 48 h of incubation. We demonstrated that acrylamide could influence the viability of the LAB, but its impact depended on both the AA concentration and the bacterial species. The viability of probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 increased while that of Lactobacillus plantarum decreased; Lactobacillus brevis was less sensitive. Moreover, AA influenced the morphology of L. plantarum, probably by blocking cell separation during division. We concluded that acrylamide present in food could modulate the viability of LAB and, therefore, could influence their activity in food products or, after colonization, in the human intestine.

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Evaluation of Bean and Soy Tempeh Influence on Intestinal Bacteria and Estimation of Antibacterial Properties of Bean Tempeh

Polish Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.33073/pjm-2013-024 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 189-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MACIEJ KULIGOWSKI ◽

IWONA JASIŃSKA-KULIGOWSKA ◽

JACEK NOWAK

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽

Intestinal Microflora ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Intestinal Bacteria ◽

E Coli ◽

Genus Lactobacillus ◽

Human Digestive Tract ◽

Growth Of Bacteria

In this study the effect of bean tempeh on the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus paracasei bacteria was investigated. Antibacterial activity was observed only in relation to the bacteria Bacillus subtilis. The effect of tempeh products on human intestinal microflora was also assessed. Bean and soy tempeh were culinarily processed and next digested in conditions simulating the human digestive tract (one of the digestive tracts was equipped with a mechanism simulating absorption). Soy tempeh stimulated most the growth of bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium, while bean tempeh that of Escherichia coli. Using simulation of absorption for the digestion of fried soy tempeh resulted in a higher rise in the bacteria count of the genus Lactobacillus, while after digestion of fried bean tempeh the highest increase was recorded for Bifidobacterium and E. coli.

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Microbial community characterization of shrimp survivors to AHPND challenge test treated with an effective shrimp probiotic (Vibrio diabolicus)

Microbiome ◽

10.1186/s40168-021-01043-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Leda Restrepo ◽

Cristóbal Domínguez-Borbor ◽

Leandro Bajaña ◽

Irma Betancourt ◽

Jenny Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Complex Dynamics ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Animal Health ◽

Challenge Test ◽

Probiotic Strain ◽

Shrimp Farming ◽

Bacterial Disease ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is an important shrimp bacterial disease caused by some Vibrio species. The severity of the impact of this disease on aquaculture worldwide has made it necessary to develop alternatives to prophylactic antibiotics use, such as the application of probiotics. To assess the potential to use probiotics in order to limit the detrimental effects of AHNPD, we evaluated the effect of the ILI strain, a Vibrio sp. bacterium and efficient shrimp probiotic, using metabarcoding (16S rRNA gene) on the gastrointestinal microbiota of shrimp after being challenged with AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus. Results We showed how the gastrointestinal microbiome of shrimp varied between healthy and infected organisms. Nevertheless, a challenge of working with AHPND-causing Vibrio pathogens and Vibrio-related bacteria as probiotics is the potential risk of the probiotic strain becoming pathogenic. Consequently, we evaluated whether ILI strain can acquire the plasmid pV-AHPND via horizontal transfer and further cause the disease in shrimp. Conjugation assays were performed resulting in a high frequency (70%) of colonies harboring the pv-AHPND. However, no shrimp mortality was observed when transconjugant colonies of the ILI strain were used in a challenge test using healthy shrimp. We sequenced the genome of the ILI strain and performed comparative genomics analyses using AHPND and non-AHPND Vibrio isolates. Using available phylogenetic and phylogenomics analyses, we reclassified the ILI strain as Vibrio diabolicus. In summary, this work represents an effort to study the role that probiotics play in the normal gastrointestinal shrimp microbiome and in AHPND-infected shrimp, showing that the ILI probiotic was able to control pathogenic bacterial populations in the host's gastrointestinal tract and stimulate the shrimp’s survival. The identification of probiotic bacterial species that are effective in the host’s colonization is important to promote animal health and prevent disease. Conclusions This study describes probiotic bacteria capable of controlling pathogenic populations of bacteria in the shrimp gastrointestinal tract. Our work provides new insights into the complex dynamics between shrimp and the changes in the microbiota. It also addresses the practical application of probiotics to solve problems with pathogens that cause high mortality-rate in shrimp farming around the world.

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The Utilisation of Acrylamide by Selected Microorganisms Used for Fermentation of Food

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics9110295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 295

Author(s):

Katarzyna Petka ◽

Łukasz Wajda ◽

Aleksandra Duda-Chodak

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽

Leuconostoc Mesenteroides ◽

Kluyveromyces Lactis ◽

Probiotic Strain ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Beneficial Impact ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time ◽

Growth Of Bacteria

Acrylamide (AA) present in food is considered a harmful compound for humans, but it exerts an impact on microorganisms too. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of acrylamide (at conc. 0–10 µg/mL) on the growth of bacteria (Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5) and yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis var. lactis), which are used for food fermentation. Moreover, we decided to verify whether these microorganisms could utilise acrylamide as a nutritional compound. Our results proved that acrylamide can stimulate the growth of L. acidophilus and K. lactis. We have, to the best of our knowledge, reported for the first time that the probiotic strain of bacteria L. acidophilus LA-5 is able to utilise acrylamide as a source of carbon and nitrogen if they lack them in the environment. This is probably due to acrylamide degradation by amidases. The conducted response surface methodology indicated that pH as well as incubation time and temperature significantly influenced the amount of ammonia released from acrylamide by the bacteria. In conclusion, our studies suggest that some strains of bacteria present in milk fermented products can exert additional beneficial impact by diminishing the acrylamide concentration and hence helping to prevent against its harmful impact on the human body and other members of intestinal microbiota.

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The Degradation of Acrylamide by Microorganisms Present in Food Products

10.20944/preprints202104.0430.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Katarzyna Petka ◽

Łukasz Wajda ◽

Aleksandra Duda-Chodak

Keyword(s):

Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽

Leuconostoc Mesenteroides ◽

Kluyveromyces Lactis ◽

Probiotic Strain ◽

Food Products ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Beneficial Impact ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time ◽

Growth Of Bacteria

Acrylamide (AA) present in food is considered a harmful compound for humans, but it exerts impact on microorganisms too. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of AA (at conc. 0-10 µg/mL) on the growth of bacteria (Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5) and yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis var. lactis), which naturally occur in food products. Moreover, we decided to verify whether these microorganisms could decompose acrylamide. Our results proved that AA can stimulated the growth of L. acidophilus and K. lactis. We have also reported, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, that probiotic strain of bacteria L. acidophilus LA-5 is able to degrade AA by amidase production and hence can utilize AA as a source of carbon and nitrogen if they lack in the environment. The conducted Response Surface Methodology indicated that pH as well as incubation time and temperature significantly influenced the amount of ammonia released from acrylamide by the bacteria. Concluding, our studies suggest that some strains of bacteria present in milk fermented products can exert additional beneficial impact by acrylamide degradation and preventing against its harmful impact on human body and other members of intestinal microbiota.

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The Interactions between Polyphenols and Microorganisms, Especially Gut Microbiota

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10020188 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 188

Author(s):

Małgorzata Makarewicz ◽

Iwona Drożdż ◽

Tomasz Tarko ◽

Aleksandra Duda-Chodak

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Bacteria ◽

Research Data ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Human Organism ◽

Comprehensive Knowledge ◽

Bidirectional Relationship ◽

The Matrix ◽

Intestinal Pathogens ◽

The Impact

This review presents the comprehensive knowledge about the bidirectional relationship between polyphenols and the gut microbiome. The first part is related to polyphenols’ impacts on various microorganisms, especially bacteria, and their influence on intestinal pathogens. The research data on the mechanisms of polyphenol action were collected together and organized. The impact of various polyphenols groups on intestinal bacteria both on the whole “microbiota” and on particular species, including probiotics, are presented. Moreover, the impact of polyphenols present in food (bound to the matrix) was compared with the purified polyphenols (such as in dietary supplements) as well as polyphenols in the form of derivatives (such as glycosides) with those in the form of aglycones. The second part of the paper discusses in detail the mechanisms (pathways) and the role of bacterial biotransformation of the most important groups of polyphenols, including the production of bioactive metabolites with a significant impact on the human organism (both positive and negative).

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The Influence of Diet and Sex on the Gut Microbiota of Lean and Obese JCR:LA-cp Rats

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9051037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1037

Author(s):

Craig Resch ◽

Mihir Parikh ◽

J. Alejandro Austria ◽

Spencer D. Proctor ◽

Thomas Netticadan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Control Diet ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Female Rats ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Male And Female ◽

Ground Flaxseed ◽

The Impact

There is an increased interest in the gut microbiota as it relates to health and obesity. The impact of diet and sex on the gut microbiota in conjunction with obesity also demands extensive systemic investigation. Thus, the influence of sex, diet, and flaxseed supplementation on the gut microbiota was examined in the JCR:LA-cp rat model of genetic obesity. Male and female obese rats were randomized into four groups (n = 8) to receive, for 12 weeks, either (a) control diet (Con), (b) control diet supplemented with 10% ground flaxseed (CFlax), (c) a high-fat, high sucrose (HFHS) diet, or (d) HFHS supplemented with 10% ground flaxseed (HFlax). Male and female JCR:LA-cp lean rats served as genetic controls and received similar dietary interventions. Illumine MiSeq sequencing revealed a richer microbiota in rats fed control diets rather than HFHS diets. Obese female rats had lower alpha-diversity than lean female; however, both sexes of obese and lean JCR rats differed significantly in β-diversity, as their gut microbiota was composed of different abundances of bacterial types. The feeding of an HFHS diet affected the diversity by increasing the phylum Bacteroidetes and reducing bacterial species from phylum Firmicutes. Fecal short-chain fatty acids such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate-producing bacterial species were correspondingly impacted by the HFHS diet. Flax supplementation improved the gut microbiota by decreasing the abundance of Blautia and Eubacterium dolichum. Collectively, our data show that an HFHS diet results in gut microbiota dysbiosis in a sex-dependent manner. Flaxseed supplementation to the diet had a significant impact on gut microbiota diversity under both flax control and HFHS dietary conditions.

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Environmental modification via a quorum sensing molecule influences the social landscape of siderophore production

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2017.0200 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 284 (1852) ◽

pp. 20170200 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Roman Popat ◽

Freya Harrison ◽

Ana C. da Silva ◽

Scott A. S. Easton ◽

Luke McNally ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quorum Sensing ◽

Public Goods ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Relative Fitness ◽

Iron Starvation ◽

Signal Molecule ◽

Signalling Molecules ◽

Signalling Molecule ◽

The Impact ◽

Social Trait

Bacteria produce a wide variety of exoproducts that favourably modify their environment and increase their fitness. These are often termed ‘public goods’ because they are costly for individuals to produce and can be exploited by non-producers (cheats). The outcome of conflict over public goods is dependent upon the prevailing environment and the phenotype of the individuals in competition. Many bacterial species use quorum sensing (QS) signalling molecules to regulate the production of public goods. QS, therefore, determines the cooperative phenotype of individuals, and influences conflict over public goods. In addition to their regulatory functions, many QS molecules have additional properties that directly modify the prevailing environment. This leads to the possibility that QS molecules could influence conflict over public goods indirectly through non-signalling effects, and the impact of this on social competition has not previously been explored. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa QS signal molecule PQS is a powerful chelator of iron which can cause an iron starvation response. Here, we show that PQS stimulates a concentration-dependent increase in the cooperative production of iron scavenging siderophores, resulting in an increase in the relative fitness of non-producing siderophore cheats. This is likely due to an increased cost of siderophore output by producing cells and a concurrent increase in the shared benefits, which accrue to both producers and cheats. Although PQS can be a beneficial signalling molecule for P. aeruginosa , our data suggest that it can also render a siderophore-producing population vulnerable to competition from cheating strains. More generally, our results indicate that the production of one social trait can indirectly affect the costs and benefits of another social trait.

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Identification and Characterization of a Peptidoglycan Hydrolase, MurA, of Listeria monocytogenes, a Muramidase Needed for Cell Separation

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.185.23.6801-6808.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 185 (23) ◽

pp. 6801-6808 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Shannon A. Carroll ◽

Torsten Hain ◽

Ulrike Technow ◽

Ayub Darji ◽

Philippos Pashalidis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Cell Separation ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Wild Type ◽

Terminal Domain ◽

Cell Wall Hydrolase ◽

Characteristic Features ◽

Type Gene

ABSTRACT A novel cell wall hydrolase encoded by the murA gene of Listeria monocytogenes is reported here. Mature MurA is a 66-kDa cell surface protein that is recognized by the well-characterized L. monocytogenes-specific monoclonal antibody EM-7G1. MurA displays two characteristic features: (i) an N-terminal domain with homology to muramidases from several gram-positive bacterial species and (ii) four copies of a cell wall-anchoring LysM repeat motif present within its C-terminal domain. Purified recombinant MurA produced in Escherichia coli was confirmed to be an authentic cell wall hydrolase with lytic properties toward cell wall preparations of Micrococcus lysodeikticus. An isogenic mutant with a deletion of murA that lacked the 66-kDa cell wall hydrolase grew as long chains during exponential growth. Complementation of the mutant strain by chromosomal reintegration of the wild-type gene restored expression of this murein hydrolase activity and cell separation levels to those of the wild-type strain. Studies reported herein suggest that the MurA protein is involved in generalized autolysis of L. monocytogenes.

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Draft Genome Sequence of Probiotic Lactobacillus brevis TUCO-5E, Isolated from Porcine Milk

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.01239-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (19) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sandra Rayen Quilodran-Vega ◽

Leonardo Albarracin ◽

Elvira Maria Hebert ◽

Lucila Saavedra ◽

Alexis Fonseca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequence ◽

Draft Genome ◽

Probiotic Strain ◽

Lactobacillus Brevis ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Draft Genome Sequence ◽

Maternal Milk ◽

Content Type ◽

Probiotic Lactobacillus ◽

Porcine Milk

This report describes the draft genome sequence of Lactobacillus brevis TUCO-5E, a probiotic strain isolated from porcine maternal milk. The reads were generated by a whole-genome sequencing (WGS) strategy on an Illumina MiSeq sequencer and were assembled into contigs with a total estimated size of 2,461,089 bp.

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Viral route of infection determines the effect of Drosophila melanogaster gut bacteria on host resistance and tolerance to disease

10.1101/2021.02.18.431843 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Miguel Landum ◽

Marta Salvado Silva ◽

Nelson Martins ◽

Luís Teixeira

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Systemic Infection ◽

Lactobacillus Brevis ◽

Gut Bacteria ◽

Associated Bacteria ◽

Germ Free ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Route Of Infection ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe microbial community interacting with a host can modulate the outcome of pathogenic infections. For instance, Wolbachia, one of the most prevalent invertebrate endosymbionts, strongly increases resistance of Drosophila melanogaster and other insect hosts, to many RNA viruses. D. melanogaster is also in continuous association with gut bacteria, whose role in antiviral immunity is poorly characterized. Here we asked how gut-colonizing bacteria impact viral titres and host survival, and how these interact with route of infection or Wolbachia presence. We compared germ-free flies and flies associated with two gut bacteria species recently isolated from wild flies (Acetobacter thailandicus and Lactobacillus brevis). We found that Wolbachia-conferred protection to both DCV or FHV is not affected by the presence or absence of these gut bacteria. Flies carrying A. thailandicus have lower DCV loads than germ-free flies, upon systemic infection, but reduced survival, indicating that these bacteria increase resistance to virus and decrease disease tolerance. Association with L. brevis, alone or in combination with A. thailandicus, did not lead to changes in survival to systemic infection. In contrast to the effect on systemic infection, we did not observe an impact of these bacteria on survival or viral loads after oral infection. Overall, the impact of gut-associated bacteria in resistance and tolerance to viruses was mild, when compared with Wolbachia. These results indicate that the effect of gut-associated bacteria to different viral infections, and different routes of infection, is complex and understanding it requires a detailed characterization of several parameters of infection.

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