scholarly journals Eating Behaviors and Dietary Patterns of Women during Pregnancy: Optimizing the Universal ‘Teachable Moment’

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3298
Author(s):  
Maryam Kebbe ◽  
Emily W. Flanagan ◽  
Joshua R. Sparks ◽  
Leanne M. Redman
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Teachable Moment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Logistic Regressions

Understanding women’s perceptions of eating behaviors and dietary patterns can inform the ‘teachable moment’ model of pregnancy. Our objectives were to describe eating behaviors and dietary patterns in pregnancy. This was a cross-sectional, national electronic survey. Women were ≥18 years of age, living in the United States, currently pregnant or less than two years postpartum, and had internet access. Age, education, race, and marriage were included as covariates in ordinal and binary logistic regressions (significance p < 0.05). Women (n = 587 eligible) made positive or negative changes to their diets, while others maintained pre-existing eating behaviors. The majority of women did not try (84.9 to 95.1% across diets) and were unwilling to try (66.6 to 81%) specific dietary patterns during pregnancy. Concerns included not eating a balanced diet (60.1 to 65.9%), difficulty in implementation without family (63.2 to 64.8%), and expense (58.7 to 60.1%). Helpful strategies included being provided all meals and snacks (88.1 to 90.6%) and periodic consultations with a dietitian or nutritionist (85 to 86.7%). Responses differed across subgroups of parity, body mass index, and trimester, notably in women with obesity who reported healthier changes to their diet (p < 0.05). Our study underscores the importance of tailoring care early to individual needs, characteristics, and circumstances.

scholarly journals Provider advice on physical activity and nutrition in twin pregnancies: a cross-sectional electronic survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara M. Whitaker ◽  
Meghan Baruth ◽  
Rebecca A. Schlaff ◽  
Hailee Talbot ◽  
Christopher P. Connolly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Activity Restriction ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Provider Advice ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Abstract Background Health care providers should counsel pregnant patients on physical activity and nutrition to improve pregnancy outcomes. However, little is known about provider advice on these lifestyle behaviors among women pregnant with twins, a growing population at high risk for pregnancy complications. We examined the prevalence and content of provider advice on physical activity and nutrition among women pregnant with twins. Methods A cross-sectional electronic survey was administered to 276 women who delivered twins in the past 3 years and received prenatal care in the United States. The proportion of women reporting provider advice on physical activity and nutrition during prenatal visits (yes/no) was assessed and open-ended questions examined the content of provider advice. Bivariate differences in participant characteristics, stratified by provider advice on physical activity and nutrition (yes/no), were assessed. Responses from open-ended questions were examined using a content analysis approach to identify commonly reported advice on physical activity and nutrition. Results Approximately 75 and 63% of women reported provider advice on physical activity and nutrition, respectively, during their twin pregnancy. Women who recalled advice on physical activity most commonly reported recommendations to walk at a light to moderate intensity level. However, few women reported physical activity recommendations consistent with current guidelines, and approximately 55% of women reported provider advice to limit or restrict activity during their pregnancy, including bedrest. Nutrition advice was focused on eating a healthy, balanced diet and increasing protein intake. More women reported self-initiating the conversation on physical activity with their provider (40%) compared to nutrition (21%). Despite limited advice, 70% of women reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the information they received from their provider on physical activity or nutrition. Conclusions The majority of women reported provider advice on physical activity and nutrition during their twin pregnancies. However, advice was limited in detail, and physical activity levels were commonly restricted, despite the lack of evidence that activity restriction is beneficial during pregnancy. More research is needed to determine the optimal physical activity and dietary patterns in twin pregnancies to facilitate clear and consistent provider counseling on these lifestyle behaviors.

scholarly journals A Survey of COVID-19 Preparedness Among Hospitals in Idaho

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1003-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anubhav Kanwar ◽  
Susan Heppler ◽  
Kalpana Kanwar ◽  
Christopher K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Critical Access Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nurse Administrators ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Hospital Preparedness ◽  
Federal Guidelines

AbstractBackground:SARS-CoV-2 has been implicated in the largest recorded coronavirus outbreak to date. Initially, most COVID-19 cases were in China, but the virus has spread to more than 184 countries worldwide, and the United States currently has more cases than any other country.Objective:With person-to-person spread expanding in the United States, we describe hospital preparedness for managing suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients.Design:Cross-sectional survey focused on various elements of respiratory disease preparedness.Setting:Critical access hospitals (CAHs) and acute-care hospitals (ACHs) in Idaho.Methods:The electronic survey was sent to infection preventionists (IPs) and nurse administrators in 44 hospitals in Idaho.Results:Overall, 32 (73%) hospitals responded to the survey. Participating facilities reported their preparedness with respect to existing, formalized structures for managing infectious disease incidents—specifically COVID-19—as well as availability of resources, such as isolation rooms and personal protective equipment, for safely managing suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases.Conclusions:Hospitals covered by the survey had varying levels of preparedness for managing COVID-19 cases, with differences across the various categories of interest in this study. Although the study reveals strengths, including in application of emergency management and infection control frameworks, it also suggests that other areas, such as consistent implementation of federal guidelines and requirements for infection prevention, are potential areas for strengthening preparedness for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens with pandemic potential.

scholarly journals Small Animal Veterinarians’ Perceptions, Experiences, and Views of Common Dog Breeds, Dog Aggression, and Breed-Specific Laws in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kogan ◽  
Schoenfeld-Tacher ◽  
Hellyer ◽  
Oxley ◽  
Rishniw
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Bite Injuries

Dog aggression directed towards humans is a common and serious behavioral and public health issue. This cross-sectional study was designed to gain insights into U.S. small animal veterinarians’ views and experiences with the most common dog breeds in the U.S., dog aggression, and breed-specific legislation. An electronic survey was distributed via email to an online veterinary community, and responses were summarized and compared by means of χ2 and Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel tests. Most respondents were concerned about the risks of dog bite injuries, but the majority were not in favor of banning specific breeds of dogs in order to enhance public safety. When participants rated the perceived bite risk associated with popular dog breeds, Chow Chows were perceived as the highest risk, with pit bull types categorized as a moderate risk. Golden Retrievers were seen as the most appropriate for families with children. Public education about animal behavior was the most frequently endorsed policy intervention to increase public safety. These findings suggest that most veterinarians feel that banning an entire dog breed is not an effective way to ensure human safety. Instead, most respondents endorsed alternative initiatives, such as public education and stricter leash laws, to reduce the risk of dog bites.

scholarly journals Integrating Health Education into Clinical Settings

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Theresa L. Byrd ◽  
Mary M. Hoke ◽  
Nell H. Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Control And Prevention

In the United States, health concerns such as food insecurity and obesity continue to rise among American households (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003). Poor dietary intake can result in poor health outcomes as well as negatively impact student academic performance (Sigman-Grant, 2003). Despite the growing health concerns among the youth, limited studies have examined the dietary patterns of the Mexican-American adolescent population. This study aims to fill that void by describing the dietary intake of predominantly Mexican-American adolescents 13-18 years of age (n=532). The study design was cross-sectional and randomly selected high school participants based on their enrollment in physical education classes. Results of a one day 24-hour dietary recall showed both males and females in this study were below the national recommendations for total calories per day and reported poor eating behaviors. Further research is needed to investigate food insufficiency in this population who has high prevalence of overweight.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study of dietary patterns and the association of perceived stress on body mass index among undergraduate medical students including compulsory residential rotatory interns

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2086
Author(s):  
Supritha Nimmala ◽  
Adhiraj Bhattacharya ◽  
Balaji Ramraj
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balanced Diet

Background: Medical education proves to be a tough and stressful environment during which these young physicians-in-training gain large amounts of knowledge and skills. Previous studies regarding dietary habits, body mass index (BMI) and perceived stress failed to include Compulsory Residential Rotatory Interns (CRRI). This study encompassing medical undergraduate students of all years including CRRIs aims to identify dietary patterns and significant associations between dietary habits, Perceived Stress and BMI.Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with sample size of 150 consisting of undergraduate medical students varying from the first year to CRRI at SRM Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Tamil Nadu. Dietary habits noted with an information schedule. BMI calculated using Quetelet’s Index. Cohen’s PSS-10 questionnaire provided to quantify Perceived Stress. Associations tested using Chi-square test and Correlation.Results: Prevalence of obesity -7% and overweight -26.7% with males having higher mean BMI. Majority at 52% perceived ‘moderate’ stress with males having higher mean PSS score. Awareness of balanced diet was 94.7% with 32% practicing balanced diet. Diet frequency was regular in 62% and 49.3% was skipping meals. 92.7% consumed junk food often and 13.3% partook in binge eating. 8% participated in crash diets and significant association found between this dietary factor and BMI. Significant correlation and positive linear relationship found between Perceived Stress and BMI.Conclusion: Higher levels of perceived stress among students including CRRIs lead to overall higher values of BMI indicates the need for stricter healthier dietary habits and psychological health services to relieve stress.

scholarly journals Anxiety is associated with undesirable eating behaviors in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn E Coakley ◽  
Huyen Le ◽  
Spirit Rae Silva ◽  
Aspen Wilks
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Students ◽  
The Past ◽  
Severe Anxiety ◽  
Satiety Responsiveness ◽  
Food Fussiness

Abstract Background COVID-19 has impacted mental health globally, however, relationships between anxiety and eating behaviors during the pandemic have not been explored. This study evaluated anxiety, eating attitudes and behaviors, and associations between anxiety and eating behaviors in students at a large public University in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Current undergraduate and graduate/professional students completed a cross-sectional survey in fall 2020. Demographic information, indicators of anxiety in the past two weeks assessed by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7), and eating behaviors assessed by the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (AEBQ) were evaluated. A score ≥ 10 on the GAD-7 indicated anxiety (≥ 15 indicated severe anxiety). Eating behaviors were reported via Likert scale and combined into eight AEBQ subscales; subscale mean and standard deviation were reported. Differences in mean AEBQ subscale scores were examined between participants with and without anxiety via Mann-Whitney U tests. Multivariate linear regression was utilized to examine associations between GAD-7 score and individual AEBQ subscale scores, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and student status. Results The final sample included 1243 students (57% undergraduates). In the full sample, 51.9% experienced anxiety in the past two weeks; 24.6% had severe anxiety. Subgroups with the highest prevalence of anxiety included non-cisgender participants (73.6%), the youngest age group [18–20 years of age (62%)], undergraduate students (60.7%), and Hispanic/Latino participants (57.5%). Participants with anxiety had significantly lower AEBQ scores for enjoyment of food and significantly higher scores for emotional over and under-eating, food fussiness, food and satiety responsiveness, and hunger than those with no anxiety (p < 0.01). In adjusted analyses, GAD-7 score was significantly and positively associated with hunger, food responsiveness, emotional over-eating, satiety responsiveness, and food fussiness and negatively associated with enjoyment of food. Conclusions The prevalence of anxiety is overwhelming in undergraduate and graduate/professional students amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Eating behaviors differ significantly in those with anxiety; increasing anxiety severity was associated with undesirable eating behaviors including hunger and emotional over-eating. Universities and health professionals must consider strategies to address anxiety, particularly in younger students, non-cis-gender students, and across race/ethnicities keeping in mind associations between anxiety and eating behaviors.

scholarly journals Differential Association Between Actual and Perceived Obesity Between African-Americans and Whites in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Effect Modifier ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
National Trends

Background and aims: Although actual and perceived obesity are associated, some research has shown that this association may differ across racial and ethnic groups. Accordingly, this cross-sectional study tested racial differences regarding the association between actual and perceived obesity among American adults. Methods: The Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5- Cycle 3) is a representative survey of American adults conducted in 2019. A total number of 3731 adults entered our analysis, including 3054 (81.9%) non-Hispanic Whites and 677 (18.1%) African-Americans (AAs). The independent variable was actual obesity, which was defined as a body mass index of equal or more than 30. The outcome was perceived as obesity. In addition, age, gender, marital status, education, and income were considered as control variables (confounders), and the race was the focal effect modifier. Finally, logistic regressions without and with interaction terms were utilized to analyze the data. Results: Overall, actual and perceived obesity were associated with individuals with obesity having higher odds of finding self as obese (odds ratio [OR]=25.82, 95% CI=18.58-35.89, P<0.001). Further, race showed a statistical interaction with actual on perceived obesity (OR=0.27, 95% CI=0.14-0.55, P< 0.001), indicating a weaker link between the two for AAs compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Race-stratified models also confirmed the same pattern with the actual and perceived obesity, showing a weaker association for AAs (OR=15.61, 95% CI=9.53-25.59, P<0.001) in comparison with nonHispanic Whites (OR=46.23, 95% CI=27.01-709.14, P<0.001). Conclusion: AAs compared to non-Hispanic Whites differed in the effect of their actual obesity on their perceived obesity. This may explain the looser association of obesity and depression in AAs as compared to Whites.

scholarly journals Snacking Behavior Differs Between Evening and Morning Chronotype Individuals but Chronotype Is Not Associated With Energy Intake and Diet Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 463-463
Author(s):  
Chia-Lunx Yang ◽  
Olivia McKeever ◽  
Robin Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Cravings

Abstract Objectives There is a growing body of literature that links a person's preferred time for activities and sleep cycle, or chronotype, to eating behaviors and the risk of becoming overweight or obese. However, the relationships among chronotype, snacking behavior, diet quality, and food cravings are poorly characterized among US adults. This cross-sectional study examined the associations among chronotype, snacking habits, dietary intake and quality, and food cravings these relationships. Methods One-hundred adults (mean age: 28.4 ± 7.3 y; 63% female) living in the United States completed the study. Based on their score on the HorneÖstberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, an individual was categorized into morning-type (M-type), intermediate-type (I-type), or evening-type (E-type). Snack intake was assessed using a previously published specialized food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was obtained using the Diet History Questionnaire III. The validated General Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait measured cravings. General linear regression was used to assess differences in outcomes among chronotypes. Results Over the course of a week, E-type individuals consumed snacks more often than the M-type (E-type: 13.9 ± 4.5, M-type: 11.2 ± 4.6; P = 0.002), but not the I-type (10.1 ± 4.1; P = 0.086). In terms of timing of snacking, E-type individuals consumed more snacks after dinner than the M-type (E-type: 5.3 ± 1.6; M-type: 3.7 ± 2.2; P &lt; 0.001). E-type individuals consumed more energy-dense snacks (E-type: 14.4 ± 4.4; M-type: 11.3 ± 4.7; P = 0.005), especially candies (E-type: 2.0 ± 1.0; M-type: 1.1 ± 0.9, P = 0.005), than the M-type. However, there were no significant differences in healthy snack frequency, food cravings, diet quality, and energy and macronutrient intake among chronotypes (P &gt; 0.05, for all). Conclusions In this relatively young population, E-type individuals consumed snacks more frequently than M-types. However, chronotypes were not associated with an individual's energy intake, diet quality, and food cravings, which suggests that chronotype negligibly influences weight gain risk in this young adult population. Funding Sources USDA NIFA and Michigan AgBioResearch.

scholarly journals Toward a Better Understanding of Listeriosis Risk among Older Adults in the United States: Characterizing Dietary Patterns and the Sociodemographic and Economic Attributes of Consumers with These Patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1208-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWINA A. WAMBOGO ◽  
ANNA M. VAUDIN ◽  
ALANNA J. MOSHFEGH ◽  
JUDITH H. SPUNGEN ◽  
JANE M. VAN DOREN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Information ◽  
Illness Attribution ◽  
Susceptible Populations

ABSTRACT Older adults are at higher risk of invasive listeriosis compared with the general population. Some foods are more likely than others to be contaminated with or to contain high levels of Listeria monocytogenes. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine dietary consumption patterns among older adults in the United States; (ii) evaluate sociodemographic and economic characteristics of older adults associated with each pattern; (iii) determine intake of foods associated with larger relative risk of listeriosis within these patterns; and (iv) rank these patterns based on risk. Data related to older adults (age 60 and older) participating in the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2009 to 2010, 2011 to 2012, and 2013 to 2014 (n = 4,967) were included in these analyses. Cluster analysis was used to define dietary patterns based on 24-h dietary recalls from day 1 and day 2. Mean intake of foods associated with higher risk of listeriosis was examined within each pattern, and analysis of variance with Dunnett's method of adjustment was used to evaluate significant differences in mean intake of foods. Patterns were ranked based on relative risk of listeriosis, using outbreak illness attribution data. Five distinct dietary patterns were identified. Patterns ranked at highest relative risk of listeriosis, based on U.S. outbreak illness attribution data, were characterized by relatively higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, and cheeses (∼13% respondents) or cereal, milk, and yogurt (∼14% respondents). Individuals consuming these dietary patterns differed in sex, race, food security, self-rated diet quality, and self-rated health. Cluster analysis, despite methodological limitations, provides new information on consumption, sociodemographic, and economic characteristics of subgroups within susceptible populations, which may be used to target educational messages. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Dietary Acculturation among Puerto Rican Adults Varies by Acculturation Construct and Dietary Measure

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 (11) ◽  
pp. 1804-1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiemer Mattei ◽  
Amanda C McClain ◽  
Luis M Falcón ◽  
Sabrina E Noel ◽  
Katherine L Tucker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Puerto Ricans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background The role of acculturation in dietary behaviors among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States remains unclear. Discrepancies may be explained by variations in acculturation constructs or ethnicity-specific dynamics. Objective We aimed to compare relations between 3 different acculturation constructs with dietary quality and patterns among Puerto Ricans in the mainland United States. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data with 1194–1380 Puerto Ricans, aged 45–75 y. Acculturation was measured with the use of a language-based scale (0–100; higher score denotes more English use), a psychological-based scale (0–50; higher score denotes stronger US orientation), and years living in the mainland United States. Diet quality scores (higher scores denote healthier diet) were defined with the use of the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI) and the Mediterranean Diet Score (MeDS). Three dietary patterns were previously derived with the use of principal components analysis. Adjusted multivariable regression models tested the association of each acculturation construct with diet quality score or pattern. Interaction terms were included for income or education status. Results Psychological-based acculturation, but not the other constructs, was positively associated with AHEI (β ± SE: 0.013 ± 0.004; P = 0.002) and MeDS (0.009 ± 0.005; P = 0.041). Income, but not education, moderated this association (P = 0.03), with higher diet quality observed with higher income (>$25,000) and stronger US orientation. All constructs were inversely associated with a traditional dietary pattern, with the language-based scale being stronger (z score β ± SE: −0.160 ± 0.032; P < 0.0001) than the psychological-based scale (−0.097 ± 0.028; P = 0.001) or years living in the mainland United States (−0.058 ± 0.028; P = 0.041). No associations were observed for the Western or sweets/desserts patterns. Conclusions In Puerto Rican adults, stronger psychological US orientation was associated with higher diet quality, particularly with higher income. More Spanish use, stronger psychological Puerto Rican orientation, and shorter length of mainland-US residency were associated with traditional dietary patterns. Appropriate diet-related acculturation constructs should be carefully considered among Hispanics/Latinos. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01231958.

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