scholarly journals Ectomycorrhizal Inoculation Enhances the Salt Tolerance of Quercus mongolica Seedlings

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1790
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ning Bai ◽  
Han Hao ◽  
Zeng-Hui Hu ◽  
Ping-Sheng Leng
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Quercus Mongolica

Salt stress harms the growth and development of plants, and the degree of soil salinization in North China is becoming increasingly severe. Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) is a symbiotic system formed by fungi and plants that can improve the growth and salt tolerance of plants. No studies to date have examined the salt tolerance of Quercus mongolica, a typical ectomycorrhizal tree species of temperate forests in the northern hemisphere. Here, we inoculated Q. mongolica with two ectomycorrhizal fungi (Gomphidius viscidus; Suillus luteus) under NaCl stress to characterize the effects of ECM. The results showed that the symbiotic relationship of Q. mongolica with G. viscidus was more stable than that with S. luteus. The cross-sectional area of roots increased after inoculation with the two types of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Compared with the control group, plant height, soluble sugar content, and soluble protein content of leaves were 1.62, 2.41, and 2.04 times higher in the G. viscidus group, respectively. Chlorophyll (Chl) content, stomatal conductance (Gs), and intracellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were significantly higher in Q. mongolica inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi than in the control, but differences in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and photosystem II maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) were lower. The relative conductivity of Q. mongolica inoculated with the two ectomycorrhizal fungi was consistently lower than that of non-mycorrhizal seedlings, with the effect of G. viscidus more pronounced than that of S. luteus. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content showed a similar pattern. Peroxidase (POD) and catylase (CAT) levels in mycorrhizal seedlings were generally higher than those of non-mycorrhizal seedlings under normal conditions, and were significantly higher than those of non-mycorrhizal seedlings on the 36th and 48th day after salt treatment, respectively. Overall, the results indicated that the salt tolerance of Q. mongolica seedlings was improved by ectomycorrhizal inoculation.

Physiological and Biochemical Properties of Cotton in Response to Copper Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Ke-Hai Zhou ◽  
Gang Zhao ◽  
Pei-Pei Wang ◽  
Dai-Gang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cotton Variety ◽  
Cotton Seedling ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Backgroundcopper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient, required for plant growth and development. However, high concentrations of Cu can be extremely toxic to plant. This study investigate the tolerance mechanism of cotton under copper stress and its potential for soil pollution improvement.ResultsThe hybrid cotton variety (Zhongmian 63) and its two parent lines were selected as materials. Cotton seedling were treated with different Cu concentrations (0, 0.2, 50, 100, 200 μM) for 10 days in hydroponic condition. The results showed that the stem height, root length, and leaf area of cotton seedlings appear to have a down trend with the increase of Cu concentration. Increasing Cu concentration promoted Cu accumulation in roots, stems, and leaves of all the three cotton genotypes, however, the roots region was the main Cu storage organ, followed by leaves and stems regions. Compared with the parent lines, the roots of Zhongmian 63 are more capable of enriching Cu and have the least amount of Cu transported to the shoots. Therefore, the toxicity of Cu to cotton seedling is effectively alleviated. Cu-caused oxidative stress to cotton leaves was evident by over accumulation of H2O2 and MDA. POD activity and soluble sugar content increased firstly and then decreased compared with the control group. GSH content increased and photosynthetic pigment content decreased with increasing copper concentration in nutrient solution. ConclusionOur results suggest that the hybrid cotton variety Zhongmian 63 performed well under Cu stress. This lays the theoretical foundation for further analysis on molecular mechanism of cotton resistance to copper and promoting the large-scale planting Zhongmian 63 in the copper-contaminated area.

scholarly journals Seed biostimulant Bacillus sp. MGW9 improves the salt tolerance of maize during seed germination

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heqin Li ◽  
Haiwang Yue ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Seed Biopriming

AbstractCrop performance is seriously affected by high salt concentrations in soils. To develop improved seed pre-sowing treatment technologies, it is crucial to improve the salt tolerance of seed germination. Here, we isolated and identified the strain Bacillus sp. MGW9 and developed the seed biostimulant MGW9. The effects of seed biopriming with the seed biostimulant MGW9 in maize (Zea mays L.) under saline conditions were studied. The results show that the strain Bacillus sp. MGW9 has characteristics such as salt tolerance, nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution, and indole-3-acetic acid production. Seed biopriming with the seed biostimulant MGW9 enhanced the performance of maize during seed germination under salinity stress, improving the germination energy, germination percentage, shoot/seedling length, primary root length, shoot/seedling fresh weight, shoot/seedling dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight. Seed biostimulant MGW9 biopriming also alleviated the salinity damage to maize by improving the relative water content, chlorophyll content, proline content, soluble sugar content, root activity, and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase, while decreasing the malondialdehyde content. In particular, the field seedling emergence of maize seeds in saline-alkali soil can be improved by biopriming with the seed biostimulant MGW9. Therefore, maize seed biopriming with the seed biostimulant MGW9 could be an effective approach to overcoming the inhibitory effects of salinity stress and promoting seed germination and seedling growth.

scholarly journals Effects of salt stress on the physiological characteristics of Solanum photeinocarpum

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 01108
Author(s):  
Renyan Liao ◽  
Yinsong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Photosynthetic Physiology ◽  
Significant Difference

A pot experiment was used to study the effects of different concentrations of salt (100, 200, 300 mmol/L) stress on the photosynthetic physiology and antioxidant enzyme activities of Solanum photeinocarpum. The results showed that NaCl of 100 and 200 mmol/L could significantly improve the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid in S. photeinocarpum. However, under different concentrations of salt stress, there was no significant difference in the amount of total chlorophyll in S. photeinocarpum. Besides, as the salt stress increased, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, CO2 concentration of intercellular and transpiration rate of S. photeinocarpum gradually decreased, when the concentration of NaCl was 300 mmol/L, reached the lowest value. With the increase of salt stress, the POD activity, CAT activity and soluble sugar content of S. photeinocarpum increased first and then decreased, reaching the highest when the concentration of NaCl was 100 mmol/L. Therefore, S. photeinocarpum had a certain salt tolerance, low concentration of NaCl (≤ 200 mmol/L) stress could promote its growth, but high concentration (> 200 mmol/L) could inhibit its growth.

scholarly journals In this study, NaCl at varrious concentrations of 4 – 10 g/L was used to investigate the salt tolerance of in vitro shoot cuttings of Chrysanthemum indicum. Morphological, physiological and biochemical changes during the response of shoot cuttings in the

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Phuong Thi Bach Vu ◽  
Hong Thi Anh Pham ◽  
Phuong Ngo Diem Quach
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Chrysanthemum Indicum ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

In this study, NaCl at varrious concentrations of 4 – 10 g/L was used to investigate the salt tolerance of in vitro shoot cuttings of Chrysanthemum indicum. Morphological, physiological and biochemical changes during the response of shoot cuttings in the salinity stress were analyzed. NaCl at 6 g/L reduced the development of shoot cuttings. Under salinity stress conditions, there have just a little reduction of the chloroplast in parenchymal cells near the midrib of leaf before they turn brown and die. Besides, carotenoid, starch content, and photosynthesis intensity were decreased. In contrast, respiration rate, proline and total soluble sugar content, and the activity of IAA and gibberellin were strongly increased. The application of IAA 0.25 mg/L, zeatin 0.1 mg/L and GA3 0.1 mg/L improved the shoot development in the salinity stress condition. Shoots in MS medium supplemented with BA 0.2 mg/L, NAA 2 mg/L and NaCl 6 g/L grow better in salinity stress condition.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Enhances Biomass Production and Salt Tolerance of Sweet Sorghum

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang ◽  
Sun ◽  
Shi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (AMF) are widely known to form a symbiosis with most higher plants and enhance plant adaptation to a series of environmental stresses. Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is considered a promising alternative feedstock for bioalcohol production because of its sugar-rich stalk and high biomass. However, little is known of AMF benefit for biomass production and salt tolerance of sweet sorghum. Here, we investigated the effects of Acaulospora mellea ZZ on growth and salt tolerance in two sweet sorghum cultivars (Liaotian5 and Yajin2) under different NaCl addition levels (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 g NaCl/kg soil). Results showed AMF colonized the two cultivars well under all NaCl addition levels. NaCl addition increased mycorrhizal colonization rates in Yajin2, but the effects on Liaotian5 ranged from stimulatory at 0.5 and 1 g/kg to insignificant at 2 g/kg, and even inhibitory at 3 g/kg. High NaCl addition levels produced negative effects on both AM and non-AM plants, leading to lower biomass production, poorer mineral nutrition (N, P, K), higher Na+ uptake, and lower soluble sugar content in leaves. Compared with non-AM plants, AM plants of both cultivars had improved plant biomass and mineral uptake, as well as higher K+/Na+ ratio, but only Yajin2 plants had a low shoot/root Na ratio. AM inoculation increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), and soluble sugar content in leaves. Overall, both cultivars benefited from mycorrhization, and Yajin2 with less salt tolerance showed higher mycorrhizal response. In conclusion, AMF could help to alleviate the negative effects caused by salinity, and thus showed potential in biomass production of sweet sorghum in saline soil.

DYSLIPIDEMIA IN THYROID DISORDERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashish Narula ◽  
Narendra Kumar Dara ◽  
Shyam Lal Meena
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carbohydrate And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Thyroid Profile ◽  
Basal Energy Expenditure

Background: Thyroid hormones influence nearly all major metabolic pathways. Their most obvious and well-known action is the increase in basal energy expenditure obtained by acting on protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The lipid metabolism is more influenced by the thyroid hormone. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with suspicion of thyroid disorders were taken as cases. One hundred patients with normal thyroid profile and no history of other chronic diseases were taken as control group. Results: The serum TC, TG and LDL levels in hypothyroid individuals (both overt and subclinical) were significantly higher than euthyroid subjects but the levels were comparable between hyperthyroid and euthyroid group. Conclusion: Dyslipidemias are associated with thyroid disorders, so biochemical screening for thyroid dysfunction in all dyslipidemic patients. Therefore, patients presenting with dyslipidemia are recommended for investigation to explore thyroid dysfunction. Keywords: Thyroid profile, Total cholesterol, Triglycerides and LDL

ASSESSMENT OF CORRELATION BETWEEN LEUKODERMA AND PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Mukesh Batra
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Illness Anxiety

Background: Leukoderma is an acquired disease of pigmentation which is presented by depigmented areas of different shape and sizes on the skin. In various researches it was reported that these defects in melanocytes occurred due to autoimmune pathway or the complex causation of oxidative stress and genetics. Material & Methods: In the present cross‑sectional prospective study 100 patients who were diagnosed with Leukoderma and controls who were not having depigmentation of skin and without any known clinical disease were enrolled for present study by simple random sampling. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant. Clearance from institutional ethical committee was also taken prior to the study. Results: The prevalence of psychiatric illness among leukoderma group was 22% and among 78% patients we did not found any psychiatric illness. The most common symptom was depression which was present among 22% of patients with Leukoderma and 18% patients with Leukoderma had anxiety symptoms. Among the control group depression was present in 5 % subjects and anxiety symptoms were present in 7% of subjects. The mean WHO-Quality of life scores was low among Leukoderma group in relation to the control group (p value <0.05). On correlation with psychiatric illness, observations were statistically non-significant (p > 0.05) with HAMA-A and HAMA- D. The observations were statistically significant (p < 0.05) with GHQ total and BSA score. Conclusion:  Higher prevalence of psychitric morbidity among patients with leukoderma and it was found associated with duration of disease and BSA scores. The most common symptom was depression which was followed by anxiety symptoms. Key words: Leukoderma, psychiatric illness, anxiety, depression.

Pengaruh bising lalu lintas terhadap penurunan fungsi pendengaran pada juru parkir di kota Denpasar

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Susilawati ◽  
Wayan Sudana ◽  
Eka Putra Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hearing Function

Background: Noise pollution or noise is an unwanted sound which is disturbing to human beings.However small or soft the sound, if it is undesirable it is considered as noise. Noise induced hearingloss is a sensorineural hearing loss that is commonly encountered second to presbycusis. Purpose: Toknow the effect of traffic noise exposure on hearing impairment to the employees of the Parking DistrictCompany of the Denpasar city and to improve diagnostic detection on hearing impairment caused bynoise. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted at the Parking District Company office. Thepopulations of this study were the employees of the Parking District Company. Samples of this study were the employees who were exposed to traffic noise and control samples were an employee who was unexposed. Samples were selected by simple random sampling. Results: From 40 parking attendants,27 persons (67.5%) aged above 35 years old. The parking attendants who had been working for ten to fifteen years were 36 persons (90%) and no history using ear protection when working. Seven persons(17.5%) had referred DPOAE upon examination with increase hearing threshold on audiogram result.In this study the parking attendants who had hearing deficit induced by noise were 7 persons (17.5%)and only one person (2.5%) in control group. There was a statistically significant effect of traffic noiseto hearing function deficit (p<0.05). Conclusion: Traffic noise has effect in hearing function deficit onthe parking attendants.ORLI Vol. 40 No. 2 Tahun 2010Key words: NIHL, parking attendant, audiometry, DPOAE.

Utilization of Tofu Dregs Flour in Making Snack Bars for People with Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Diah Cahyani Subamia ◽  
Komang Ayu Nocianitri ◽  
I Dewa Gede Mayun Permana
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Control Group Design

Type II diabetes mellitus due to an unhealthy lifestyle, one of which is the lack of fiber in daily food consumption. One food that has a high fiber content is tofu dregs. The purpose of this study was to determine substitution of wheat flour with tofu dregs flour to produce a snack bar with the best characteristics, and determine the effect of consumption of snack bar from tofu dregs on blood sugar content in rats. The research was conducted two steps. Step I: Formulation of snack bar using a completely randomized design with tofu dregs flour concentration of 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, and 50 %. The variables of this study were the content of water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates, sensory tests, and effectiveness tests. Step II: the best characteristic snack bar in the step I was used experimental rats. This step used true experimental design with pre-post test control group design. The variables of study were blood glucose levels before treatment and after treatment. The treatment group consisted of normal, negative, positive control, and snack bar. The results of the first step of the research showed that substitution of wheat flour with 40 % tofu dregs produced the best characteristic snack bar with 17.19 % water content, 1.33 % ash content, 11.03 % protein, 20.53 % fat, 49.92 % carbohydrate, light brown color, unpleasant aroma, distinctive soy taste, crumb texture, 0.63 % water soluble food fiber, 1.57 % water insoluble fiber, and total food fiber 2.36 %. The results of the second step of the study showed that the provision of substitution of wheat flour with tofu dregs flour 40 % could reduce blood sugar levels in diabetic mellitus rats until normal, start 290 mg/dl to 108.5 mg/dl. Tofu dregs flour can be used for snack bar formulations for people with diabetes mellitus.

Clinical-Reported Outcomes Of Deferoxamine Versus Deferasirox In The Treatment Of Homozygous BetaThalassemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeina A Munim Al-Thanoon ◽  
Zeina A Munim Al-Thanoon ◽  
Mustafa Basil ◽  
Nasih A Al-Kazzaz
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Iron Chelator ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multiple Blood ◽  
Group 2

Iron chelation therapy with deferoxamine (DFO),the current standard for the treatment of iron overload in patients with betathalassemia,requires regular subcutaneous or intravenous infusions. This can lead to reduced quality of life and poor adherence,resulting in increased morbidity and mortality in iron-overloaded patients with beta-thalassemia. Deferasirox (DFX) is an orally administered iron chelator that has been approved for use in many countries. The requirement of an effective,well tolerated iron chelator with a less demanding mode of administration has led to the development of deferasirox. The present study was aimed to compare the satisfaction and compliance with deferoxamine versus deferasirox (Exjade®),a novel oral iron chelator in patients with transfusion - dependent beta- thalassemia. A cross-sectional,single-center investigation study was carried out in the Thalassemia Center of Ibn-Atheer Teaching Hospital in Nineveh province,Iraq. One hundred and eight thalassemic patients aged between 2- 20 years old having received multiple blood transfusions and a serum ferritin greater than 1500 ng/ml. Patients were randomised into two groups. Group 1 received deferoxamine at a dose of 20-50mg/kg/day and group 2 received deferasirox at the dose of 10-30 mg/kg/day. Another 56 apparently healthy volunteers were used as a control group. The assessment of chelation was done during the period between November 2013 and February 2014 by measurement of serum ferritin. Satisfaction and compliance was assessed by using a special questionnaire prepared by the researcher. Out of the 108 thalassemic patients enrolled there was no discontinuation in treatment with the two drugs under study. The serum ferritin did not change significantly in any of the chelation groups. In comparison with the patients who were treated with DFO,those receiving DFX reported a significantly higher rate of compliance and satisfaction (P < 0.05). However,no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding their satisfaction (P > 0.05).Compliance with deferasirox (50 %) was more than that with deferoxamine (20 %). Satisfaction with deferoxamine was significantly lower than deferasirox (p= 0.00).

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