scholarly journals Potential Use of Hyperspectral Reflectance as a High-Throughput Nondestructive Phenotyping Tool for Assessing Salt Tolerance in Advanced Spring Wheat Lines under Field Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2512
Author(s):  
Salah El-Hendawy ◽  
Nasser Al-Suhaibani ◽  
Muhammad Mubushar ◽  
Muhammad Usman Tahir ◽  
Yahya Refay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Hyperspectral Reflectance ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wide Range

The incorporation of stress tolerance indices (STIs) with the early estimation of grain yield (GY) in an expeditious and nondestructive manner can enable breeders for ensuring the success of genotype development for a wide range of environmental conditions. In this study, the relative performance of GY for sixty-four spring wheat germplasm under the control and 15.0 dS m−1 NaCl were compared through different STIs, and the ability of a hyperspectral reflectance tool for the early estimation of GY and STIs was assessed using twenty spectral reflectance indices (SRIs; 10 vegetation SRIs and 10 water SRIs). The results showed that salinity treatments, genotypes, and their interactions had significant effects on the GY and nearly all SRIs. Significant genotypic variations were also observed for all STIs. Based on the GY under the control (GYc) and salinity (GYs) conditions and all STIs, the tested genotypes were classified into three salinity tolerance groups (salt-tolerant, salt-sensitive, and moderately salt-tolerant groups). Most vegetation and water SRIs showed strong relationships with the GYc, stress tolerance index (STI), and geometric mean productivity (GMP); moderate relationships with GYs and sometimes with the tolerance index (TOL); and weak relationships with the yield stability index (YSI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI). Obvious differences in the spectral reflectance curves were found among the three salinity tolerance groups under the control and salinity conditions. Stepwise multiple linear regressions identified three SRIs from each vegetation and water SRI as the most influential indices that contributed the most variation in the GY. These SRIs were much more effective in estimating the GYc (R2 = 0.64 − 0.79) than GYs (R2 = 0.38 − 0.47). They also provided a much accurate estimation of the GYc and GYs for the moderately salt-tolerant genotype group; YSI, SSI, and TOL for the salt-sensitive genotypes group; and STI and GMP for all the three salinity tolerance groups. Overall, the results of this study highlight the potential of using a hyperspectral reflectance tool in breeding programs for phenotyping a sufficient number of genotypes under a wide range of environmental conditions in a cost-effective, noninvasive, and expeditious manner. This will aid in accelerating the development of genotypes for salinity conditions in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Detecting Salt Tolerance in Doubled Haploid Wheat Lines

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Ashkar ◽  
Alderfasi ◽  
El-Hendawy ◽  
Al-Suhaibani ◽  
El-Kafafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Lines

Improving salt tolerance of genotypes requires a source of genetic variation and multiple accurate selection criteria for discriminating their salt tolerance. A combination of morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters and multivariate analysis was used to detect salt tolerance variation in 15 wheat lines developed by doubled haploid (DHL) technique. They were then compared with the salt-tolerant check cultivar Sakha 93. Salinity stress was investigated at three salinity levels (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) for 25 days. Considerable genetic variation was observed for all traits, as was high heritability (>60%) and genetic gain (>20%). Principal component analysis indicated the ability of nine traits (root number, root length, root dry weight, shoot length, shoot dry weight, specific root length, relative water content, membrane stability index, and catalase) to identify differences in salinity tolerance among lines. Three traits (shoot length, shoot dry weight, and catalase) were indicative of salt-tolerance, indicating their importance in improving and evaluating salt tolerant genotypes for breeding programs. The salinity tolerance membership index based on these three traits classified one new line (DHL21) and the check cultivar (Sakha 93) as highly salt-tolerant, DHL25, DHL26, DHL2, DHL11, and DHL5 as tolerant, and DHL23 and DHL12 as intermediate. Discriminant function analysis and MANOVA suggested differences among the five groups of tolerance. Among the donor genotypes, Sakha 93 remained the donor of choice for improving salinity tolerance during the seedling stage. The tolerated lines (DHL21, DHL25, DHL26, DHL2, DHL11, and DHL5) could be also recommended as useful and novel genetic resources for improving salinity tolerance of wheat in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Screening of shade tolerant hybrid maize based on stress tolerance index

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
Lesty Ayu Bidhari ◽  
Roy Effendi ◽  
Nining N. Andayani ◽  
Slamet Bambang
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Abstract The development of adaptive and high-yielding maize varieties tolerant to shade stress is the right strategy to increase productivity and national maize production by utilizing the land in shaded conditions or under annual stands with 40% shade intensity. This study aimed to assess the best genetic material before releasing new shade tolerant maize varieties. This experiment was conducted in shaded and unshaded conditions in the Indonesian Cereal Research Institute, Maros, from July-October 2018 in KP. Pandu, North Sulawesi under coconut trees from March-August 2019. The design is using a randomized block design with three replications. The genetic material used consisted of 10 three-lane cross-hybrid maize, SHD01, SHD02, SHD03, SHD04, SHD05, SHD06, SHD07, SHD08, SHD09, and SHD10, and two comparison varieties of three-lane cross-hybrid maize, Bima-19, and P-35. Shade causes a reduction in light intensity, impacting changes in the microclimate under the shade. This is indicated by the dynamics of changes in light intensity which are quite high between maize crops in shaded and unshaded conditions. Tolerance to shade stress was assessed by measuring the difference in yield between unshaded environmental conditions and shaded environmental conditions to assess average productivity under normal and shaded conditions using the stress tolerance index (STI). The adaptive level in shade conditions of the candidate varieties SHD02 and SHD10 was significantly better than that of the Bima 19 and P 35 varieties, with the STI values of these candidates being 0.87 and 0.80, while the two comparison varieties Bima 19 and P 35, were respectively only 0.62.

scholarly journals Variation for Salinity Tolerance During Seed Germination in Diverse Carrot [Daucus carota (L.)] Germplasm

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bolton ◽  
Philipp Simon
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Carrot Seed

Global carrot production is limited by the crop’s high susceptibility to salinity stress. Not much public research has been conducted to screen for genetic salinity stress tolerance in carrot, and few resources exist to aid plant breeders in improving salinity tolerance in carrot. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the response of diverse carrot germplasm to salinity stress, identify salt-tolerant carrot germplasm that may be used by breeders, and define appropriate screening criteria for assessing salt tolerance in germinating carrot seed. Carrot plant introductions (PIs) (n = 273) from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Plant Germplasm System representing 41 different countries, inbred lines from the USDA Agricultural Research Service (n = 16), and widely grown commercial hybrids (n = 5) were screened for salinity tolerance under salinity stress and nonstress conditions (150 and 0 mm NaCl, respectively) by measuring the absolute decrease (AD) in the percent of germination, inhibition index (II), relative salt tolerance (RST), and salt tolerance index (STI) of germinating seeds. All salt tolerance measurements differed significantly between accessions; AD ranged from −4.2% to 93.0%; II ranged from −8.0% to 100.0%; RST ranged from 0.0 to 1.08; and STI ranged from 0.0 to 1.38. Broad sense heritability calculations for these measurements were 0.87 or more, indicating a strong genetic contribution to the variation observed. Six accessions identified as salt-tolerant or salt-susceptible were evaluated in a subsequent experiment conducted at salt concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mm NaCl. Variations between mean AD, II, RST, and STI of tolerant and susceptible lines were greatest at 150 mm NaCl, validating the use of 150 mm NaCl concentrations during salt tolerance screening of carrot seed. Wild carrot accessions displayed little tolerance, and PI 256066, PI 652253, PI 652402, and PI 652405 from Turkey were most salt-tolerant.

scholarly journals A Review of Recent Advances and Future Directions in the Management of Salinity Stress in Finger Millet

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilton Mbinda ◽  
Asunta Mukami
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Wide Range

Salinity stress is a major environmental impediment affecting the growth and production of crops. Finger millet is an important cereal grown in many arid and semi-arid areas of the world characterized by erratic rainfall and scarcity of good-quality water. Finger millet salinity stress is caused by the accumulation of soluble salts due to irrigation without a proper drainage system, coupled with the underlying rocks having a high salt content, which leads to the salinization of arable land. This problem is projected to be exacerbated by climate change. The use of new and efficient strategies that provide stable salinity tolerance across a wide range of environments can guarantee sustainable production of finger millet in the future. In this review, we analyze the strategies that have been used for salinity stress management in finger millet production and discuss potential future directions toward the development of salt-tolerant finger millet varieties. This review also describes how advanced biotechnological tools are being used to develop salt-tolerant plants. The biotechnological techniques discussed in this review are simple to implement, have design flexibility, low cost, and highly efficient. This information provides insights into enhancing finger millet salinity tolerance and improving production.

scholarly journals Towards Developing Salinity Tolerant Rice Adaptable for Coastal Regions in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aris Hairmansis ◽  
Nafisah Nafisah ◽  
Ali Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Impact

Lowland rice areas along the coastal regions are a major contributor for rice production in Indonesia. Sustainability of rice production in those areas is challenged by the increase of soil salinity as the result of sea water inundation. The problem is exacerbated by the increase of sea water level as the impact of global climate change. High concentration of salt ion in the soil could significantly reduce rice growth and yield. Development of salinity tolerant rice varieties is therefore important to maintain sustainability of rice production in the coastal regions. Breeding programs to improve salinity tolerance of Indonesian rice has been established in Indonesian Centre for Rice Research. Through intensive salt tolerant screening program genetic variations in salinity tolerance have been identified within rice germplasm allowing the improvement of salinity tolerant of existing rice varieties. Different genetic resources have been used for salinity tolerant improvement including landraces, improved varieties and introduction lines. A number of promising salt tolerant rice breeding lines have been developed and showed adaptability to salt affected areas in the lowland coastal areas. Two new salt tolerant rice varieties have been released recently which are adaptable to salt affected areas. This paper will describe the progress in the breeding programs to develop salt tolerant rice for lowland rice areas in the coastal regions. Strategy to accelerate the improvement of the salinity tolerant of Indonesian rice varieties in the future will be also discussed.Keywords: rice, breeding, salinity tolerance, coastal regions.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Salinity Tolerance at the Seedling Stage in a Panel of Vietnamese Landraces Reveals New Valuable QTLs for Salinity Stress Tolerance Breeding in Rice

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Thao Duc Le ◽  
Floran Gathignol ◽  
Huong Thi Vu ◽  
Khanh Le Nguyen ◽  
Linh Hien Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Salinity Stress Tolerance

Rice tolerance to salinity stress involves diverse and complementary mechanisms, such as the regulation of genome expression, activation of specific ion-transport systems to manage excess sodium at the cell or plant level, and anatomical changes that avoid sodium penetration into the inner tissues of the plant. These complementary mechanisms can act synergistically to improve salinity tolerance in the plant, which is then interesting in breeding programs to pyramidize complementary QTLs (quantitative trait loci), to improve salinity stress tolerance of the plant at different developmental stages and in different environments. This approach presupposes the identification of salinity tolerance QTLs associated with different mechanisms involved in salinity tolerance, which requires the greatest possible genetic diversity to be explored. To contribute to this goal, we screened an original panel of 179 Vietnamese rice landraces genotyped with 21,623 SNP markers for salinity stress tolerance under 100 mM NaCl treatment, at the seedling stage, with the aim of identifying new QTLs involved in the salinity stress tolerance via a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Nine salinity tolerance-related traits, including the salt injury score, chlorophyll and water content, and K+ and Na+ contents were measured in leaves. GWAS analysis allowed the identification of 26 QTLs. Interestingly, ten of them were associated with several different traits, which indicates that these QTLs act pleiotropically to control the different levels of plant responses to salinity stress. Twenty-one identified QTLs colocalized with known QTLs. Several genes within these QTLs have functions related to salinity stress tolerance and are mainly involved in gene regulation, signal transduction or hormone signaling. Our study provides promising QTLs for breeding programs to enhance salinity tolerance and identifies candidate genes that should be further functionally studied to better understand salinity tolerance mechanisms in rice.

scholarly journals Assessment of watermelon accessions for salt tolerance using stress tolerance indices

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 616-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ercan Ekbic ◽  
Cagri Cagıran ◽  
Kursat Korkmaz ◽  
Malik Arsal Kose ◽  
Veysel Aras
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Tolerance Indices

ABSTRACT Salt stress is the most significant constraint for agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. Thus, genetically improved stress-tolerant varieties are needed for the future. The identification of salt-tolerant genotypes is the starting point for such breeding studies. This study was conducted to determine and assess the tolerance of different watermelon genotypes under saline conditions. Twenty-two watermelon genotypes and accessions were grown in pots with 3 kg of soil in four saline stress conditions (0 mmol kg-1 as the control, 25, 50 and 100 mmol kg-1 NaCl). The detrimental effects of salt stress on the plants were evident with increasing doses of NaCl. Stress indices calculated over the plant dry weights under the 100 mmol kg-1 salinity level were used to assess the salt tolerance of the genotypes. Stress intensity was calculated as 0.76. Such a value indicated that the highest dose of salt exerted severe stress on the plants. The G04, G14 and G21 genotypes were considered to be salt tolerant, since these genotypes showed the highest values of K/Na and Ca/Na ratios in the plant tissue. The losses in dry mass at severe salt stress reached 75.48%. In principal component analyses, the genotypes had positive correlations with stress tolerance indices of MP (mean productivity), GMP (geometric mean productivity) and STI (stress tolerance index). The GMP and STI indices indicated that G04 (a member of Citrullus colocynthis), G14 and G21 could be prominent sources to develop salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Identification of salt tolerant genotypes in wheat using stress tolerance indices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Bakhshi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Taghi Tabatabaei ◽  
Mohammad Reza Naroui Rad ◽  
Bahram Masoudi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractSalinity is one of the most important causes of yield loss in agricultural products, especially wheat. Wheat cultivation, on the other hand, is carried out on a wide range of agricultural land in saline lands. Therefore, wheat breeding for tolerance to salinity can be an effective way to improve yield and yield stability under these conditions. In this study, twenty wheat genotypes were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two normal and salinity stress conditions in order to identify suitable indices of wheat stress tolerance and also to identify genotypes tolerant to salinity stress. Genotypes were evaluated based on tolerance index (TOL), stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), susceptibility to stress (SSI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean productivity (HM), yield stability (YS) and yield index (YS). The results showed that MP, GMP, HM and STI indices are suitable indices because of their positive and highly significant correlation with yield in both normal and salinity stress conditions and it was found that these indices were suitable tools to achieve high yield genotypes in both environments. The results also showed that genotypes 10, 4, 9, 3 and 8 are resistant to salt stress with acceptable yield. Genotypes 5, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18 and 20 were also identified as the most susceptible genotypes.

scholarly journals Contrasting Responses of Guar Genotypes Shed Light on Multiple Component Traits of Salinity Tolerance Mechanisms

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1068
Author(s):  
Devinder Sandhu ◽  
Andrew Pallete ◽  
Manju V. Pudussery ◽  
Kulbhushan K. Grover
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Component Traits

Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) is a legume crop, and gum derived from its seeds has various industrial applications. Due to its tolerance to various abiotic stresses, guar can be grown under water-deficit or high-salinity conditions. In this investigation, four diverse guar genotypes that performed at a similar level in field conditions were evaluated in a salinity experiment in the greenhouse lysimeter system. Based on the salt tolerance index (STI) for shoot biomass, root biomass, shoot length, and root length, Matador and PI 268229 were classified as salt-tolerant, and PI 340261 and PI 537281 as salt-sensitive. Leaf Na concentrations were 4- to 5.5-fold higher, and leaf Cl concentrations were 1.6- to 1.9-fold higher in salt-sensitive lines than salt-tolerant lines under salinity. The strong associations between the leaf K concentrations under salinity compared to the control (K-salinity/K-control) ratio and STI for stem and root length advocate higher importance of K-salinity/K-control than total leaf K concentrations. The expression analyses of genes involved in Na+ and Cl− transport revealed the importance of different component traits of salinity tolerance mechanisms, such as the exclusion of Na+/Cl− from the root, sequestration of Cl− in root vacuoles, retrieval of Na+/Cl− from xylem during salinity stress, root-to-shoot Na+/Cl− translocation, and K+-Na+ homeostasis.

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