Enzymatic and Microwave Pretreatments and Supercritical CO2 Extraction for Improving Extraction Efficiency and Quality of Origanum Vulgare L. spp. hirtum Extracts

The goal of the study was to establish a procedure for improving the efficiency of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction of Origanum vulgare L. spp. hirtum (Greek oregano) and enhancing the quality of obtained extracts. Microwave and enzymatic pretreatments of the plant material were applied prior to the scCO2 extraction. It was determined that the microwave pretreatment with irradiation power 360 W during 2 min accelerated the extraction of lipophilic compounds and provided a twofold higher extraction yield compared to the control. Moreover, this pretreatment also led to an increase in oxygenated monoterpenes content and the most dominant component carvacrol, as well as the extracts’ antioxidant activity. The enzymatic pretreatment caused a significant increase in the extraction yield and the attainment of the extract with the most potent antioxidant properties. Coupling the pretreatments with scCO2 extraction improves the process of obtaining high value lipophilic products of oregano in terms of utilization of the plant material, acceleration of the extraction with the possibility to adjust its selectivity and quality of extracts, and enhancement of biological activity.

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Optimized Supercritical CO2 Extraction Enhances the Recovery of Valuable Lipophilic Antioxidants and Other Constituents from Dual-Purpose Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Variety Ella

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10060918 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 918

Author(s):

Nóra Emilia Nagybákay ◽

Michail Syrpas ◽

Vaiva Vilimaitė ◽

Laura Tamkutė ◽

Audrius Pukalskas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Supercritical Co2 ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Biologically Active ◽

High Yield ◽

Acid Extraction ◽

Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Total Extract

The article presents the optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE-CO2) parameters using response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) in order to produce single variety hop (cv. Ella) extracts with high yield and strong in vitro antioxidant properties. Optimized SFE-CO2 (37 MPa, 43 °C, 80 min) yielded 26.3 g/100 g pellets of lipophilic fraction. This extract was rich in biologically active α- and β-bitter acids (522.8 and 345.0 mg/g extract, respectively), and exerted 1481 mg TE/g extract in vitro oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Up to ~3-fold higher extraction yield, antioxidant recovery (389.8 mg TE/g pellets) and exhaustive bitter acid extraction (228.4 mg/g pellets) were achieved under the significantly shorter time compared to the commercially used one-stage SFE-CO2 at 10–15 MPa and 40 °C. Total carotenoid and chlorophyll content was negligible, amounting to <0.04% of the total extract mass. Fruity, herbal, spicy and woody odor of extracts could be attributed to the major identified volatiles, namely β-pinene, β-myrcene, β-humulene, α-humulene, α-selinene and methyl-4-decenoate. Rich in valuable bioactive constituents and flavor compounds, cv. Ella hop SFE-CO2 extracts could find multipurpose applications in food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetics industries.

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Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Sideritis raeseri, Sideritis scardica and Origanum vulgare

Current Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573411014666180423125631 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 106-111

Author(s):

Ioannis Sarakatsianos ◽

Konstantinos Adamopoulos ◽

Victoria Samanidou ◽

Athanasia Goula ◽

Elissavet Ninou

Keyword(s):

Microwave Radiation ◽

Plant Material ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Origanum Vulgare ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Phenolic Constituents

Background: Medicinal plants consist a rich source of natural pharmacologically active compounds. The aim of the current work, was the study and optimization of the extraction conditions of phenolic constituents from important medicinal and aromatic plants, id. Sideritis raeseri, Sideritis scardica and Origanum vulgare, implementing microwave assisted extraction technique. Methods: Optimization was based on various parameters affecting extraction procedure, such as the duration of microwave radiation, the ratio of plant material mass to the solvent, the type and the concentration of the solvent. Results: The results revealed that 10 min of microwave radiation provided the maximum extraction yield of the phenolic constituents. The ratio of the plant material mass and the solvent had minor effect to the extraction efficiency. Conclusion: The examined solvents provided an extraction yield of phenolic constituents following the order: EtOH<MeOH<H2O<MeOH:H2O (80:20, v/v)<EtOH:H2O (60:40, v/v), in the case of Sideritis raeseri and Sideritis scardica and the order: H2O<MeOH:H2O (80:20, v/v)<EtOH:H2O (60:40, v/v) < MeOH<EtOH in the case of Origanum vulgare.

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Extruded Linseed and Oregano Dietary Supplementation: Effects on Growth Performance, Carcass Composition, and Meat Quality of Jonica Kids

Ruminants ◽

10.3390/ruminants1020010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 127-136

Author(s):

Felice Vizzielli ◽

Simona Tarricone ◽

Salvatore Claps ◽

Giuseppe De Mastro ◽

Marco Ragni

Keyword(s):

Control Diet ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Origanum Vulgare ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Longissimus Lumborum ◽

Dietary Treatments

To evaluate the influence of linseed and oregano dietary supplementation in Jonica kids, we carried out a trial that involved 30 male Jonica kids 20 days old, divided into three groups of ten animals. Each group was ascribed to one of the following dietary treatments: (C) group control fed without any supplement; (L) group fed control feed containing 3% extruded linseed (Linum usitatissimum); and (L + O) group fed control diet with 0.6% dried oregano (Origanum vulgare) and 3% extruded linseed. The kids were slaughtered at 60 days of age; carcass and cut yields were performed. The Longissimus lumborum muscle was separated to determinate physical, chemical, and fatty acid composition. Supplementation of kids’ diet with oregano did not show effects on performances in vivo and post mortem. Extruded linseed and oregano feed made commercial cuts of kids carcasses less fat (6.75% vs. 10.92% for leg; 4.82% vs. 7.73% for loin), whereas only the extruded linseed diet made the meat fatter (20.11% vs. 19.75%) and more proteic than the commercial pellet (20.11% vs. 19.75%). The use of oregano reduces the meat oxidation compared with the only use of linseed in kids’ diet (0.298 vs. 0.645). The healthy and beneficial effect of linseed in the diet is observed in meat with the lower value of n-6/n-3 ratio (4.57 vs. 8.60) and atherogenic (0.60 vs. 0.77) and thrombogenic (1.36 vs. 1.61) indices. Linseed diet enrich kids meat with healthy fatty acids that are easier to oxidize; instead, the addition of oregano, thanks to its antioxidant properties, allows a longer conservation and a more profitable marketing.

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Contribution to the Optimization of a Gas Chromatographic Method by QbD Approach used for Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.6.7266 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 2015-2020

Author(s):

Silvia Robu ◽

Aurelia Romila ◽

Olimpia Dumitriu Buzia ◽

Adrian Florin Spac ◽

Camelia Diaconu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Plant Material ◽

Mobile Phase ◽

Chromatographic Method ◽

Salvia Officinalis ◽

Salvia Officinalis L ◽

Gas Chromatographic Method

Numerous articles on Salvia officinalis L. have been published regarding the composition of their essential oil. The considerable variation found may be due to the quality of the plant material as well as to the methods used for analysis. A simple GC-MS method was developed and optimized in the QbD approach, for the determination of sage essential oils. The optimization of GC-MS analysis was performed using different mobile phase flows, injection volumes, split ratios and temperature programs. The optimized method proved to be simple and can be successfully applied for the determination of sage essential oils.

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The real concept of substitution in Ayurveda literature and adulteration the misleading concept of modern era

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.v3i3.12890 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Ashashri Shinde ◽

Pankaj Gupta ◽

Sudipt Rath

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Plant Material ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Herbal Drugs ◽

Material Identification ◽

The Real ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Unfair Trade ◽

Modern Era

A quality drug is central to the success of any therapeutic plan. The quality of drug is determined right from the collection to delivery to the patients. The commonest problem involving the medicinal plant stating materials is intentional or unintentional substitution and adulteration owing to multiple reasons like unavailability, higher costs, unfair trade etc. This trend was also present in the olden days, as evident from the concept of substitute drugs (Pratinidhi Dravya) as available in Yogratanakara, Bhavaprakasha and Bhaishajyaratnawali. Therefore, Charka and later Acharyas also have dealt with authentication and standardization of herbal drugs and formulations in detail by using four Pramanas (tools of knowledge) Ch.Vi.8/87. Nowadays the concept of substitution is entirely converted into intentional and unintentional malpractices of adulteration. The established authenticity parameters for plant material identification and standardization like organoleptic, physical, chemical and genetic parameters are relatively inaccessible for routine use. Not withstanding the accuracy and usefulness of these lab parameters and delay in the development of easy to perform parameters for reasonable drug authentication. These adulteration malpractices spoils the market of herbal industries. In this article we discuss about concept of substitution in ancient Ayurveda and at present intentional and unintentional adulteration practices.

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Carcass Composition, Meat Quality and Sensory Quality of Gentile di Puglia Light Lambs: Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Oregano and Linseed

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 607

Author(s):

Giuseppe Scarpa ◽

Simona Tarricone ◽

Marco Ragni

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Control Diet ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Total Content ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Origanum Vulgare ◽

Growth Performances ◽

Longissimus Lumborum ◽

Dietary Treatments

There is a growing demand by the modern consumer for meat containing less fat and lower levels of saturated fatty acids, which are considered to increase the risk of coronary heart disease. In southern Italy, the Gentile di Puglia breed is one of the most common on farms, and the light lambs are often consumed. The study evaluates the effect of a diet containing extruded linseed (Linum usitatissimum) on growth performances, carcass traits, and meat quality in Gentile di Puglia light lambs. Thirty-six male lambs are weaned at about 20 days of age, and divided into three groups—each group is either fed a control diet (C), a diet containing 3% extruded linseed (L), or a diet containing 3% extruded linseed and 0.6% oregano (Origanum vulgare) (L + O). The lambs’ growth performances and the slaughtering and dissection data did not differ between groups. Dietary treatments have no significant effect on the quality and chemical composition of Longissimus lumborum (Ll). The mount of linoleic acid in Ll meat is significantly higher in the L group, and this positively affected the total content of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid, as well as the n-6/n-3 ratio. The good results obtained concerning the sensory traits meet the requirements of the market’s consumer.

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Cannabis and Canabidinoids on the Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Going Beyond Misuse

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21082940 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 2940

Author(s):

Antonelly Cassio Alves de Carvalho ◽

Gabriela Achete de Souza ◽

Samylla Vaz de Marqui ◽

Élen Landgraf Guiguer ◽

Adriano Cressoni Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Literature Search ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by a chronic and recurrent gastrointestinal condition, including mainly ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Cannabis sativa (CS) is widely used for medicinal, recreational, and religious purposes. The most studied compound of CS is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Besides many relevant therapeutic roles such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, there is still much controversy about the consumption of this plant since the misuse can lead to serious health problems. Because of these reasons, the aim of this review is to investigate the effects of CS on the treatment of UC and CD. The literature search was performed in PubMed/Medline, PMC, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. The use of CS leads to the improvement of UC and CD scores and quality of life. The medical use of CS is on the rise. Although the literature shows relevant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that could improve UC and CD scores, it is still not possible to establish a treatment criterion since the studies have no standardization regarding the variety and part of the plant that is used, route of administration and doses. Therefore, we suggest caution in the use of CS in the therapeutic approach of IBD until clinical trials with standardization and a relevant number of patients are performed.

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Effect of heat treatment on wood chemical composition, extraction yield and quality of the extractives of some wood species by the use of molybdenum catalysts

Wood Science and Technology ◽

10.1007/s00226-018-1057-3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 119-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marisabel Mecca ◽

Maurizio D’Auria ◽

Luigi Todaro

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Wood Species ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Wood Chemical Composition ◽

Molybdenum Catalysts

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Processing Impact on Nutritional, Antinutritional, and Phytochemical of Fenugreek Seeds (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L.)

Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (01) ◽

pp. 36-44

Author(s):

Babita Adhikari ◽

Shonu Rai

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Fenugreek Seeds ◽

Nutritional Compounds ◽

Trigonella Foenum Graecum L ◽

The Impact ◽

Reduction Percentage ◽

Iron And Calcium

Phytate and tannin are more pronounced antinutrients limiting the nutritional quality of fenugreek. The impact of roasting (130±5°C for 7 minutes), soaking (12 hrs. at room temperature) and germination (72 hrs. at 25°C) on bioactive compounds (polyphenol and antioxidant activity), nutritional and anti-nutritional compounds (phytate and tannin) in Fenugreek were studied. Experimental data were analyzed using the software GenStat 12th Edition. Protein increased significantly (p<0.05) during roasting, soaking, and germination whereas fat decreased significantly. Iron and calcium increased during roasting whereas decreased during soaking and germination. Maximum reduction of phytate (54.55%) and tannin (66.73%) were found when fenugreek seeds were germinated (72 hours). The reduction percentage of antinutrients by soaking (12 hours) and roasting (130±5⁰C for 7 mins) was found to be a lesser effective method compared to germination. All the treatments had a significant (p<0.05) impact on their bioactive components. Phenolic content increased significantly (p<0.05) during roasting, soaking, and germination. Antioxidant activity (IC50=1.28mg dm/ml) was found to be high in the germinated samples as compared to raw, roasted, and soaked samples. Hence, Germination of fenugreek seeds for 72 hours is concluded as the most effective and promising method for the reduction of antinutrients and increasing the nutritional components, phytochemicals, and antioxidant properties.

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