scholarly journals Allelopathic and Autotoxic Effects of Medicago sativa—Derived Allelochemicals

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimal Kumar Ghimire ◽  
Balkrishna Ghimire ◽  
Chang Yeon Yu ◽  
Ill-Min Chung
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Alfalfa Seed

In this study, the allelopathic properties of Medicago sativa on different weeds were investigated under in vitro conditions. The compounds involved in the autotoxicity of M. sativa were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The extracts of all concentrations inhibited the growth of the calluses of Digitaria ciliaris, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus lividus, Portulaca oleracea, and Commelina communis. Six allelopathic compounds in alfalfa were identified and quantified, and the most predominant phenolic compounds were salicylic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Various concentrations (10−2, 10−3, and 10−5 M) of all the tested phenolic compounds exerted inhibitory effects on callus fresh weight. Rutin, salicylic acid, scopoletin, and quercetin significantly inhibited alfalfa seed germination. Of the seven identified saponins, medicagenic acid saponins exhibited the highest autotoxic effect and significantly lowered seed germination rate. Principal component analysis showed that the phenolic compounds and saponin composition significantly contributed to the different variables. The highly phytotoxic properties of the alfalfa-derived phenolic compounds and saponins indicate that these phytochemicals can be a potential source of bioherbicides.

scholarly journals The Identification of Metabolites and Effects of Albendazole in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5943
Author(s):  
Lucie Raisová Stuchlíková ◽  
Martina Navrátilová ◽  
Lenka Langhansová ◽  
Kateřina Moťková ◽  
Radka Podlipná ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Anthelmintic Drug ◽  
Fodder Plants ◽  
Alfalfa Seed

Albendazole (ABZ), a widely used anthelmintic drug, enters the environment mainly via livestock excrements. To evaluate the environmental impact of ABZ, the knowledge of its uptake, effects and metabolism in all non-target organisms, including plants, is essential. The present study was designed to identify the metabolic pathway of ABZ and to test potential ABZ phytotoxicity in fodder plant alfalfa, with seeds and in vitro regenerants used for these purposes. Alfalfa was chosen, as it may meet manure from ABZ-treated animals in pastures and fields. Alfalfa is often used as a feed of livestock, which might already be infected with helminths. The obtained results showed that ABZ did not inhibit alfalfa seed germination and germ growth, but evoked stress and a toxic effect in alfalfa regenerants. Alfalfa regenerants were able to uptake ABZ and transform it into 21 metabolites. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed three new ABZ metabolites that have not been described yet. The discovery of the parent compound ABZ together with the anthelmintically active and instable metabolites in alfalfa leaves shows that the contact of fodder plants with ABZ-containing manure might represent not only a danger for herbivorous invertebrates, but also may cause the development of ABZ resistance in helminths.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Potential of Phenolic Compounds in Secale Cereale Cultivars and Its Relationship with Seeding Density

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 3072
Author(s):  
Bimal Kumar Ghimire ◽  
Chang Yeon Yu ◽  
Balkrishna Ghimire ◽  
Eun Soo Seong ◽  
Ill Min Chung
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Potential

In this study, we investigated the allelopathic effect of Secale cereale cultivars on different weeds that grow in the cultivated fields of Perilla frutescens. Two S. cereale cultivars, Paldong and Singhi, were used to test the allelopathic effect on in vitro grown Digitaria ciliaris, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus lividus, Portulaca oleracea, Pinellia ternata and Commelina communis. The results indicated that S. cereale extracts affect callus growth of weeds in terms of fresh weight and percentage of growth inhibition. The inhibitory effects of both S. cereale cultivars combined with grass cover extracts were higher than using grass weeds alone. Concentrations of all identified phenolic compounds were significantly higher in the leaves extracts of Paldong compared to Singhi. Particularly, syringic acid in leaves extract of the Paldong cultivar were 12.87-fold higher than in the Singhi cultivar. The other predominant phenolic compounds such as salicylic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were 3.30, 4.63, 3.11, and 1.28 times higher, respectively, in the leaves extracts of Paldong compared to Singhi. Principal component analysis (PCA) results indicated that the composition of phenolic compounds was significantly related to cultivar types and plant parts used. In addition, biomass increase caused increased weed inhibitory capacity of S. cereale both in tillage and no-tillage regimes. These results suggest that the biomass of cover crops negatively influenced weed density.

scholarly journals The efficacy of different seed priming agents for promoting sorghum germination under salt stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245505
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Chen ◽  
Ruidong Zhang ◽  
Yifan Xing ◽  
Bing Jiang ◽  
Bang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Positive Effects

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] seed germination is sensitive to salinity, and seed priming is an effective method for alleviating the negative effects of salt stress on seed germination. However, few studies have compared the effects of different priming agents on sorghum germination under salt stress. In this study, we quantified the effects of priming with distilled water (HP), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on sorghum seed germination under 150 mM NaCl stress. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly reduced by salt stress. Different priming treatments alleviated the germination inhibition caused by salt stress to varying degrees, and 50 mM CaCl2 was the most effective treatment. In addition, the mitigation effect of priming was stronger on root traits than on shoot traits. Mitigation efficacy was closely related to both the type of agent and the concentration of the solution. Principal component analysis showed that all concentrations of CaCl2 had higher scores and were clearly distinguished from other treatments based on their positive effects on all germination traits. The effects of the other agents varied with concentration. The priming treatments were divided into three categories based on their priming efficacy, and the 50, 100, and 150 mM CaCl2 treatments were placed in the first category. The 150 mM KCl, 10% PEG, HP, 150 mM NaCl, 30% PEG, and 50 mM KCl treatments were placed in the second category, and the 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM KCl, 20% PEG, and 50 mM NaCl treatments were least effective and were placed in the third category. Choosing appropriate priming agents and methods for future research and applications can ensure that crop seeds germinate healthily under saline conditions.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activities and A549 lung adenocarcinomic cells against capacity from various extracts of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Quang Ung Le ◽  
◽  
Horng Liang Lay ◽  
Ming Chang Wu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Capacity ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb (AL) has received considerable attention as a herbal medicine for its applications in ethnopharmacology with heath benefits. This study aimed to investigate antioxidant activities and A549 growth inhibitory capacity from its root extract (RE) and aerial parts extract (AE). The 50% ethanol extracts were used for the tests. The total polyphenol content and the antioxidant effects comprising ABTS+ and DPPH free radical scavenging activities were evaluated. Phenolic compounds in the extracts were isolated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Lactate dehydrogenase released in medium was also evaluated. Total phenolic and flavonoid content, and in vitro antioxidant potential of the RE were higher (p<0.01) than that of the AE. Two individual phenolic compounds consisting of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid were firstly identified in both by HPLC. The RE exhibited higher A549 inhibitory capacity compared to the AE and activated the apoptotic proteins of bcl-2, bax, bad, caspase-3 and caspase-9 in A549. In conclusion, the AL extracts were more effective in antioxidant and A549 cells inhibitory capacity.

scholarly journals Antioxidants and Phenolic Secretion in Sugarcane Genotypes Shoots Culture

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ana Da Silva Ledo ◽  
Maria M. Jenderek ◽  
Carlos Alberto Da Silva Ledo ◽  
Tomas Ayala-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Culture

Secretion of phenolic compounds is a major limitation for sugarcane in vitro shoot culture, causing a loss of regenerative capacity and subsequent cell death. In this study, micropropagation and phenolic secretion of four Saccharum genotypes were evaluated in presence of different antioxidants. Aseptic cultures of S. officinarum (PI 184794 and PI 88652), S. sinense (PI 29109) and S. robustum (UNK R65P35) were propagated on medium containing antioxidants, citric acid (100 mg/L), L-cysteine (100 mg/L), polyvynylpirrolidone (300 mg/L) and L-glutathione (50 mg/L) in two consecutive subculture cycles. Interaction between genotypes and antioxidants was significant in both cycles. All genotypes showed good shoot formation, shoot vigor and color, except in PI 88652 which had less shoot development in both the presence and absence of the antioxidants tested. PI 184794 displayed the highest shoot proliferation in the presence of citric acid, and UNK R65P35 produced more shoots per explant in the 2nd subculture. For S. sinense (PI 29109), in both subcultures, most shoots were observed in the presence of polyvynylpirrolidone. Medium discoloration due to phenolic secretion was reduced in the presence of citric acid and polyvynylpirrolidone. The type of secreted phenolic compounds differed with genotype as the Principal Component Analysis of cultivation media separated PI 88652 from PI 29109 and UKN R65P35. Phenolic compounds varied in composition and were secreted at various levels as a function of genotype and antioxidant type. Loadings plots indicated the genotype and antioxidant separations were broadly driven by flavonoid compounds.

scholarly journals Validation of an HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Metabolic Reaction Products Catalysed by CYP2C11 Enzymes in Rat Liver Microsomes: In Vitro Inhibitory Effect of Salicylic Acid on CYP2C11 Enzyme

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salhab ◽  
Naughton ◽  
Barker
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Metabolic Reaction ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes

The inhibitory effect of new chemical entities on rat liver P450 marker activities was investigated in a functional approach towards drug development. Treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and chemoprevention using salicylic acid has gained a lot of attention, mainly in the prevention of the onset of colon cancer. Thus, an in vitro inhibitory effect of salicylic acid on rat CYP2C11 activity was examined by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). High performance liquid chromatography analysis of a CYP2C11 assay was developed on a reversed phase C18 column (SUPELCO 25 cm × 4.6 mm × 5 µm) at 243 nm using 32% phosphate buffer (pH 3.36) and 68% methanol as a mobile phase. The CYP2C11 assay showed good linearity for all components (R2 > 0.999). Substrates and metabolites were found to be stable for up to 72 hours. Additionally, the method demonstrated good reproducibility, intra- and inter-day precision (<15%), acceptable recovery and accuracy (80%–120%), and low detection (1.3501 µM and 3.2757 µM) and quantitation limit values (4.914 µM and 9.927 µM) for 16α-hydroxytestosterone and testosterone, respectively. Salicylic acid acts reversibly as a noncompetitive (weak) inhibitor with Ki = 84.582 ± 2.67 µM (concentration of inhibitor to cause 50% inhibition of original enzyme activity (IC50) = 82.70 ± 2.67 µM) for CYP2C11 enzyme activity. This indicates a low potential to cause toxicity and drug–drug interactions.

scholarly journals Schisandra rubriflora Plant Material and In Vitro Microshoot Cultures as Rich Sources of Natural Phenolic Antioxidants

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Szopa ◽  
Michał Dziurka ◽  
Sebastian Granica ◽  
Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz ◽  
Paweł Kubica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Plant Materials

Schisandra rubriflora is a dioecious, underestimated medicinal plant species known from traditional Chinese medicine. The present study was aimed at characterising the polyphenolic profile composition and the related antioxidant capacity of S. rubriflora fruit, stem and leaf and in vitro microshoot culture extracts. Separate analyses of material from female and male specimens were carried out. This study was specifically aimed at detailed characterisation of the contribution of phenolic compounds to overall antioxidant activity using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector coupled to electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS3) and a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Using UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS3, twenty-seven phenolic compounds from among phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified. Concentrations of three phenolic acids (neochlorogenic, chlorogenic and cryptochlorogenic acids) and eight flavonoids (hyperoside, rutoside, isoquercitrin, guaijaverin, trifolin, quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin) were determined using HPLC-DAD using reference standards. The highest total phenolic content was confirmed for the stem and leaf extracts collected in spring. The contents of phenolic compounds of in vitro biomasses were comparable to that in the fruit extracts. The methanolic extracts from the studied plant materials were evaluated for their antioxidant properties using various in vitro assays, namely free radicals scavenging estimation using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) as well as QUick, Easy, New, CHEap, and Reproducible CUPRAC (QUENCHER-CUPRAC) assays. A close relationship between the content of polyphenolic compounds in S. rubriflora and their antioxidant potential has been documented.

scholarly journals Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Tabernaemontana catharinensis Leaves and Their Effect on Oxidative Stress Markers in Diabetic Rats

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Sari ◽  
Paula Conterno ◽  
Leticia Dangui da Silva ◽  
Vanderlei Aparecido de Lima ◽  
Tatiane Luiza Cadorin Oldoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Protein Thiols ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The aim of this study was to evaluate the most effective extraction condition (temperature, solvent type and time) for recovery of high-value phytochemicals present in the Tabernaemontana catharinensis leaves (TC) and to assess their effect on biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The extraction of phenolic compounds from TC using a factorial design (FD) 2³, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), response surface methodology (RSM) and principal component analysis (PCA) were studied. It was found that the optimal conditions for extraction of phenolics were higher temperature (65 °C) and time (60 min) using ethanol as extractor solvent. In this condition of extraction (A8), total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) were determined. Additionally, this extract was used to evaluate their effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) as well as lipid peroxidation (LP) and protein thiols level (PSH) in the liver and kidneys of normal and diabetic rats. As result, T. catharinensis extract presented TPC content of 23.34 mg EAG/g (equivalent gallic acid) and AA of 34.26 μmol Trolox/g. Phenolic acids (ferulic acid and coumaric acid) and flavonoids (quercetin, rutin and pinocembrin) could be recovered and identified by HPLC. This study indicated an important role of the T. catharinensis extract on free radical inactivation and on the antioxidant defense system in diabetic rats. In fact, the use of T. catharinensis extract restored the normal activity of SOD (p < 0.05) and suppressed malondialdehyde levels in liver and kidney tissues. Thus, the T. catharinensis extract, rich in phenolic compounds, can be responsible for the recover the enzymatic changes in the liver and kidney tissues provoked by diabetes in rats. In addition, the lipid peroxidation rate decreased in the diabetic rats treated with T. catharinensis.

scholarly journals Chenopodium album L. and Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.: Phytochemical Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Valentina Amodeo ◽  
Mariangela Marrelli ◽  
Veronica Pontieri ◽  
Roberta Cassano ◽  
Sonia Trombino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Spontaneous edible plants have an old history of use in popular traditions all around the world, and the rediscovery of these species could also be useful for the search of new drugs. Chenopodium album L. (Amaranthaceae) and Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. (Brassicaceae) are two annual plants traditionally used both as food and herbal remedies against inflammatory disorders. In this work, the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities of these plant species have been investigated, together with their antioxidant potential. The phytochemical composition was assessed as well by means of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). The antioxidant properties were assessed using the DPPH and β-carotene bleaching test. The ability of extracts to protect against lipid peroxidation was also examined in rat-liver microsomal membranes. All the samples showed a preservation of antioxidant activity up to 60 min. A significant inhibitory activity on the production of the pro-inflammatory mediator nitric oxide was induced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by the dichloromethane fraction of C. album extract, with an IC50 value equal to 81.7 ± 0.9 μg/mL. The same sample showed also a concentration-dependent anti-denaturation effect on heat-treated bovine serum albumin (IC50 = 975.6 ± 5.5 μg/mL), even if the best in vitro anti-arthritic activity was observed for the dichloromethane fraction of S. officinale extract, with an IC50 value of 680.9 ± 13.2 μg/mL.

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