scholarly journals Biocement Fabrication and Design Application for a Sustainable Urban Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chungmin Lee ◽  
Hyesun Lee ◽  
Ok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcite Precipitation ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Water Percolation ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Optimized Conditions

Recently, designers have begun to pursue sustainability through the fabrication of materials from living organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae in order to address environmental issues. Based on the potential of materials from living organisms, this study has explored a sustainable design application using biocement formed thorough microbially-induced calcite precipitation (MICP), which produces minerals by bacterial metabolic activity. Since most of the studies on MICP thus far have focused on limited fields such as engineering, biotechnology, and geo-technology, this study has focused more on improving the application of biocement in design. We optimized MICP conditions using two parameters (i.e., concentration of urea-CaCl2 and bacterial cell density) through water percolation testing, compressive strength testing, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Then, based on the optimized conditions, material compatibility testing and scalability testing were performed, and design application research was conducted as well. As a result, biocement has been identified as a potential sustainable design material, based on its 40% compressive strength compared to conventional concrete, improved material finish, aesthetic aspects, and environmental impact. This paper contributes to the development of biocement applications in the environmental design field through multidisciplinary research ranging from biological experiments to design applications.

The Impact of Fly Ash after SNCR Treated with Tannin-Based Products on AAC Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matěj Lédl ◽  
Lucie Galvánková ◽  
Rostislav Drochytka
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Gaseous Ammonia ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Consistency Test ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
The Impact

This paper is focused on the effect of treatment of fly ash after selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) with tannin on autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) production in order to reduce or stop ammonia leakage from the fresh mixture due to its alkalinity. A pure form of tannin and a tannin-based product „Farmatan“ were used as a treatment in dosage ranging from 0,5 g – 3 g of agent per 1 kg of fly ash. Efficient dosage was determined at 2 wt.% of fly ash by the speed of an indicator change due to gaseous ammonia diluted in water. The rheological properties of fresh mixtures were observed by consistency test in Viskomat showing that Farmatan causes delay of hydration. The results of bulk density and compressive strength testing revealed that Farmatan causes an increase of bulk density and at higher amount decreases the compressive strength because of thermal crack formation due to combined effect of delayed hydration and thixotropy. Using x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis there were no differences in phase composition observed.

scholarly journals Influence of Selected Saccharides on the Precipitation of Calcium-Vaterite Mixtures by the CO2 Bubbling Method

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donata Konopacka-Łyskawa ◽  
Natalia Czaplicka ◽  
Barbara Kościelska ◽  
Marcin Łapiński ◽  
Jacek Gębicki
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Polymorphic Form ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Polymorphic Composition

Calcium carbonate is a compound existing in living organisms and produced for many biomedical applications. In this work, calcium carbonate was synthesized by a CO2 bubbling method using ammonia as a CO2 absorption promotor. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, and trehalose were added into the reaction mixture to modify characteristics of precipitated calcium carbonate particles. To determine the polymorphic form of produced calcium carbonate particles, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were performed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to estimate the size and shape of produced particles. Mixtures of vaterite and calcite were synthesized in all experiments. The percentage content of the vaterite in the samples depended on used additive. The highest concentration of vaterite (90%) was produced from a solution containing sucrose, while the lowest concentration (2%) was when fructose was added. Saccharides affected the rate of CO2 absorption, which resulted in a change in the precipitation rate and, therefore, the polymorphic composition of calcium carbonate obtained in the presence of saccharides was more varied.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Design of Inong Balee Fort Binding Mortar For Restoration Purposes

Elkawnie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Muttaqin Hasan ◽  
Teuku Budi Aulia ◽  
Fido Yurnalis
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Powder Samples

Abstract: Inong Balee Fort is one of the Islamic Kingdom of Aceh heritage built in 1599 by Admiral Malahayati but several parts of the fortress wall have currently been damaged and the stone removed. Indonesian Government plans to restore the fort and this makes it necessary to examine the characteristics of the fortress mortar with a focus on the chemical composition and mineralogical elements. Therefore, mortar powder samples obtained from the fort walls were tested through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and the results showed the main composition of mortar is CaCO3 and SiO2 from a mixture of lime and sand while the others are P2O5, MgCO3, and Al2O3. Meanwhile, two mortar mixtures including 1 lime: 2 sand and 1 cement: 2 lime: 3 sand were designed for restoration purposes and they were both found by the XRD analysis results to have a diffraction pattern similar to Inong Balee Fort mortar. However, mortar with 1 lime: 2 sand has a very low compressive strength subsequently it does not meet the specifications of the SNI 6882:2014 and ASTM C270-19a while mortar with 1 cement: 2 lime: 3 sand has a compressive strength that meets the specifications. Therefore, a mortar with 1 cement: 2 lime: 3 sand is recommended to be used for the restoration of Inong Balee Fort.Abstrak: Benteng Inong Balee merupakan salah satu peninggalan Kerajaan Islam Aceh yang dibangun pada tahun 1599 oleh Laksamana Malahayati. Saat ini banyak bagian dinding pasangan batu benteng tersebut sudah rusak dan batunya sudah terlepas dari ikatan mortar. Pemerintah Republik Indonesia berencana melakukan restorasi benteng tersebut. Oleh karena itu perlu diteliti karakteristik mortar pengikat dari pasangan batu benteng tersebut, berupa kandungan senyawa kimia dan mineralnya. Metode yang digunakan untuk karakterisasi adalah dengan melakukan pengujian X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) terhadap bubuk sampel mortar yang diambil dari dinding benteng. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi utama mortar pengikatnya adalah CaCO3 dan SiO2 yang menunjukkan bahwa mortar tersebut terbuat dari campuran kapur dan pasir. Disamping itu juga terdapat kandungan senyawa P2O5, MgCO3 dan Al2O3. Selanjutnya untuk keperluan restorasi didesain 2 campuran mortar, yaitu mortar dengan campuran 1 kapur : 2 pasir dan mortar dengan campuran 1 semen : 2 kapur : 3 pasir. Hasil analisis XRD menunjukkan bahwa kedua campuran tersebut mempunyai pola diffraksi yang mirip dengan Benteng Inong Balee. Akan tetapi mortar dengan campuran 1 kapur : 2 pasir mempunyai kuat tekan yang sangat rendah sehingga tidak memenuhi spesifikasi Standar SNI 6882:2014 dan ASTM C270-19a, sedangkan mortar dengan campuran 1 semen : 2 kapur : 3 pasir mempunyai kuat tekan yang memenuhi spesifikasi Standar SNI 6882:2014 dan ASTM C270-19a, sehingga mortar ini disarankan digunakan untuk keperluan restorasi Benteng Inong Balee.

Performance of Concrete with Waste Tyre and Nano ZrO2

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 5737-5741
Author(s):  
Sayandip Basak ◽  
M. Helen Santhi ◽  
Caroline Ponraj
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Gel Combustion ◽  
Microscope Imaging ◽  
Electron Microscope Imaging ◽  
Combustion Technique

This paper presents the compressive strength of concrete which consists of 5% replacement of coarse aggregate with rubber aggregate, 25% replacement of cement with fly ash (Class C) and an additional amount of 0.2% of ZrO2 nanoparticles. The ZrO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using gel combustion technique where zirconium oxynitrate was used as the precursor and citric acid as the fuel in the molar ratio of 1:1.5 respectively. The synthesized ZrO2 nano particles were characterized using X-ray diffraction and the average crystallite size was found as 9.7 nm. Three types of mixes were taken into consideration; control mix (M40), rubber modified concrete mix and nano-rubber modified mix. The Scanning Electron Microscope imaging was done to study the morphology of the mixes. With the percentage of rubber aggregate replacement mentioned above there was found to be a considerable decrease in the compressive strength but on incorporation of nano ZrO2 along with rubber aggregate it was found out that there was an increase in compressive strength which even surpassed the strength of conventional concrete.

scholarly journals Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Behavior of Boron Carbide Reinforced Aluminum Alloy (Al-Fe-Si-Zn-Cu) Matrix Composites Produced via Powder Metallurgy Route

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4315
Author(s):  
M. Meignanamoorthy ◽  
Manickam Ravichandran ◽  
Vinayagam Mohanavel ◽  
Asif Afzal ◽  
T. Sathish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Energy Dispersive Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Mechanical Properties And Corrosion

In this paper, Al-Fe-Si-Zn-Cu (AA8079) matrix composites with several weight percentages of B4C (0, 5, 10, and 15) were synthesized by powder metallurgy (PM). The essential amount of powders was milled to yield different compositions such as AA8079, AA8079-5 wt.%B4C, AA8079-10 wt.%B4C, and AA8079-15 wt.%B4C. The influence of powder metallurgy parameters on properties’ density, hardness, and compressive strength was examined. The green compacts were produced at three various pressures: 300 MPa, 400 MPa, and 500 MPa. The fabricated green compacts were sintered at 375 °C, 475 °C, and 575 °C for the time period of 1, 2 and 3 h, respectively. Furthermore, the sintered samples were subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Energy Dispersive Analysis (EDAX), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) examinations. The SEM examination confirmed the uniform dispersal of B4C reinforcement with AA8079 matrix. Corrosion behavior of the composites samples was explored. From the studies, it is witnessed that the rise in PM process parameters enhances the density, hardness, compressive strength, and corrosion resistance.

Study of the reduction mechanism of ironsands with addition of blast furnace bag dust

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangdong Xing ◽  
Yunfei Chen ◽  
Yiran Liu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Reduction Mechanism ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Carbon Gasification ◽  
Metallization Rate ◽  
Addition Rate ◽  
Gasification Reaction

To improve the reduction properties of ironsands carbon-containing briquettes, the behavior of ironsand during reduction by the addition of blast furnace bag dust (BFBD) is studied using a high temperature resistance furnace, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the reduction mechanism is discussed in this study. The results showed that the reduction level and compressive strength of ironsand carbon-containing briquettes could be promoted by increasing the proportion of BFBD. When the addition rate of BFBD was 31.25%, the metallization rate and compressive strength increased from 82.1% and 21.5 N/a to 91.4% and 172.5 N/a, respectively. Metallic iron reduced from BFBD particles favored the carbon gasification reaction, which enhanced the internal CO concentration, and then promoted the FeTiO3 reduction to Fe in ironsand. Meanwhile, a large amount of the liquid phase generated during the reduction process also favored Fe2+ diffusion, spread of iron joined crystals and the growth of crystals, which resulted in the improvement of the compressive strength of the ironsand carbon-containing briquettes.

scholarly journals Utilization of Waste Glass in Autoclaved Silica–Lime Materials

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Borek ◽  
Przemysław Czapik
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Waste Container

This paper aims to investigate the possibility of using waste glass of different colours as a complete substitute for quartz sand in autoclaved silica–lime samples. On the one hand, this increases the possibility of recycling waste glass; on the other hand, it allows obtaining autoclaved materials with better properties. In this research, reference samples with quartz sand (R) and white (WG), brown (BG), and green (GG) waste container glass were made. Parameters such as compressive strength, bulk density, and water absorption were examined on all samples. The samples were examined using a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectroscopy detector (SEM/EDS) and subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The WG samples showed 187% higher compressive strength, BG by 159%, and GG by 134% compared to sample R. In comparison to the reference sample, volumetric density was 16.8% lower for sample WG, 13.2% lower for BG, and 7.1% lower for GG. Water absorption increased as bulk density decreased. The WG sample achieved the highest water absorption value, 15.84%. An X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of calcite, portlandite, and tobermorite phases. Depending on the silica aggregate used, there were differences in phase composition linked to compressive strength. Hydrated calcium silicates with varying crystallisation degrees were visible in the microstructure image.

scholarly journals Thermally Treated Waste Silt as Filler in Geopolymer Cement

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5102
Author(s):  
Abbas Solouki ◽  
Alireza Fathollahi ◽  
Giovanni Viscomi ◽  
Piergiorgio Tataranni ◽  
Giovanni Valdrè ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Limestone Aggregate ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Alkali Solutions ◽  
Geopolymer Cement ◽  
European Standards

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of including silt, a by-product of limestone aggregate production, as a filler in geopolymer cement. Two separate phases were planned: The first phase aimed to determine the optimum calcination conditions of the waste silt obtained from Società Azionaria Prodotti Asfaltico Bituminosi Affini (S.A.P.A.B.A. s.r.l.). A Design of Experiment (DOE) was produced, and raw silt was calcined accordingly. Geopolymer cement mixtures were made with sodium or potassium alkali solutions and were tested for compressive strength and leaching. Higher calcination temperatures showed better compressive strength, regardless of liquid type. By considering the compressive strength, leaching, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the optimum calcination temperature and time was selected as 750 °C for 2 h. The second phase focused on determining the optimum amount of silt (%) that could be used in a geopolymer cement mixture. The results suggested that the addition of about 55% of silt (total solid weight) as filler can improve the compressive strength of geopolymers made with Na or K liquid activators. Based on the leaching test, the cumulative concentrations of the released trace elements from the geopolymer specimens into the leachant were lower than the thresholds for European standards.

Utilizing Iron Tailing, Sludge and Fly Ash to Prepare Ceramsites

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Zi Wang ◽  
Hongjun Chen ◽  
Chunhu Yu ◽  
Zeyang Xue ◽  
Pengxiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Duration Time

Background: The deposits of iron tailing will pose a great risk of environmental pollution and serious landscape impact which will affect the quality of life of humans. Therefore, it is urgent to utilize iron tailing to produce valuable products. Methods: The tailing ceramsites were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The roles of the tailing content, sintering temperature and duration time in the performance of the tailing ceramsites were analysed and the optimal sintering parameters were determined. Results: The bulk density, apparent density and cylinder compressive strength of the tailing ceramsites increase considerably with the increase of the sintering temperature and duration time. The cylinder compressive strength of the tailing ceramsites increases with increasing the tailing content. The optimal sintering parameter is 1100°C for 40 min. The cylinder compressive strength of the tailing ceramsites obtained at 1100°C for 40 min reaches 10.1 MPa. XRD analysis shows that the tailing ceramsites mainly consist of CaSiO3, Al2SiO5, MgSiO3, Ca7Si2P2O16, CaAl2Si2O8, Ca2Fe2O5 and SiO2 phases when the sintering temperature and duration time were increased to 1100°C and 40 min, respectively. Conclusion: The tailing ceramsites were obtained from iron tailing, sludge and fly ash as the raw materials at 1100°C for 40 min. The obtained ceramsites exhibited high mechanical performance.

Mechanical Properties of Microwave Sintered 60YSZ-Al2O3/10HAP Bioceramics Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
M.R.N. Liyana ◽  
Nur Maizatul Shima Adzali ◽  
W. Rahman ◽  
M.Z.M. Zamzuri ◽  
Harun Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Large Particles

Microwave heating technology promising shorter processing times and less energy consumption beneficial for economic perspective with improved properties and better microstructural control. This study focussed on microwave sintered bioceramics material of 60YSZ-Al2O3/10HAP mixture fabricated by powder metallurgy route. The study was conducted based on three different sintering temperatures, starting with 900 °C, 1000°C ended with 1100°C. Mechanical properties of materials such as porosity, density, hardness and compressive strength were then determined for each composites. Results showed that lowest porosity was obtained at 1000°C which promoting to higher density, hardness and compressive strength. However, the increasing sintering temperature up to 1100 °C was initiated the decomposition of HAP and constitutes the formation of CaZrO3determined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Microstructure characterization by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observed the growth of large particles and pores result in excessive grain coarsening. Better sinterability was achieved through an adequate sintering temperature of 1000°C with no reaction reported between HA and ZrO2during the sintering process facilitate by microwave hybrid heating. The pores was found to be interconnected for each composites via microwave heating expected to be useful for biomedical application which was favorable to osteo-integration.

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