scholarly journals China Railway Express Subsidy Model Based on Game Theory under “the Belt and Road” Initiative

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2083
Author(s):  
Fenling Feng ◽  
Tianzuo Zhang ◽  
Chengguang Liu ◽  
Lifeng Fan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Freight Rate ◽  
Government Subsidy ◽  
Effort Level ◽  
Subsidy Scheme ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Ocean Shipping ◽  
China Railway ◽  
The Government

China Railway Express (CR Express) is an emerging freight transport mode between China and Europe, which provides a new option in addition to air transport and ocean shipping. At the initial stage of development, due to the higher freight costs compared to ocean shipping, the government subsidy provided for the China Railway Express operator plays an important role in the process of market cultivation. The original intention of the government subsidy was to promote the rapid and sustainable development of China Railway Express and the further subsidy scheme should encourage China Railway Express operators to act towards the expected goal of the local government. This research is devoted to modeling and solving the problem of optimal subsidy amount in the operation of China Railway Express. Firstly, a subsidy model is established with the consideration of different objectives of local government and China Railway Express operator, which are affected by the operational effort level of the China Railway Express operator, actual freight rate and the highest freight rate that the shipper is willing to pay. Then, the validity of the proposed model is analyzed in the case study of the China Railway Express line (Wuhan–Hamburg). The effects of different subsidy amounts on the social benefits of local government and profits of the China Railway Express operator are analyzed and the sensitivity analysis is carried on the operational effort level of China Railway Express operator and the highest freight rate that shipper is willing to pay. The analysis results show that the optimal subsidy amount is between 2000 and 2500 USD per Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit (FEU). Finally, suggestions are proposed according to the analysis results. These findings can provide useful references for promoting the sustainable development of China Railway Express.

scholarly journals Optimal Pricing and Green Product Design Strategies in a Sustainable Supply Chain Considering Government Subsidy and Different Channel Power Structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12446
Author(s):  
Kelei Xue ◽  
Guohua Sun ◽  
Yuyan Wang ◽  
Shuiye Niu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Green Product ◽  
Government Subsidy ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Green Product Design

Green product design is a vital measure to support sustainable development in a circular economy era. This paper studies the multi-product pricing and green product design strategies under different supply chain structures and government subsidy strategies. Considering different channel leadership, we establish the centralized (C), manufacturer-led (MS), and retailer-led (RS) supply chain models, respectively. By applying a game-theoretical approach, corresponding equilibrium pricing, green product design, and government subsidy decisions under different supply chain structures are obtained. Through comparison and numerical analysis, we find that: (1) the different subsidy strategies of the government have an important impact on green product development. When the government provides a uniform subsidy strategy, a RS supply chain can bring greener product, more market demands, more profit, and more social welfare; (2) when the government provides a differentiated subsidy strategy, MS and RS supply chain structures can bring greener product and more market demand than the centralized supply chain. They can also bring the same social welfare and the same product to the green design level. However, the MS supply chain structure can bring more profit for the firm; (3) the consumers’ green awareness positively impacts the design and development of green product. Therefore, it is beneficial for the firm to adopt reasonable measures to boost the environmental awareness of consumers in order to realize the sustainable development of our society.

scholarly journals Empowering Fishermen through Local Wisdom and Sustainable Development: a Policy Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Sukarmi Sukarmi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Development Model ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Poor Welfare

The current study was to observe to what extent efforts are taken by the local government of Demak Regency, Central Java Indonesia to empower the fishermen based on local wisdom, as well as what model is right with the sustainable development. Technically, the government can take benefit from this study to issue a policy of ‘empowering and protecting fisherman with sustainable development model. The regency has bio and non-bio potential resources. However, due to the lack of visionary attention to the resources and the absence of the comprehensive maritime planning, the ecology and the socio-economy of the area are facing serious problems, such as unhealthy competition in fishing in its multiple manifestations contributing to the poor welfare of the fishermen along the coastline. In-depth interviews were held among 20 fishermen to find out their wishes for improvement of the welfare. It was concluded that policies of pro-fishermen have to be developed on the basis of local wisdom and sustainable development and recommendations were offered accordingly.

scholarly journals Optimal Subsidies for Green Products: A Maximal Policy Benefit Perspective

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Zhao ◽  
Yanqing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Green Products ◽  
Subsidy Scheme ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government

Replacing traditional products with green products has become a key way to achieve decoupling between economic development and environmental pollution. As an incentive mechanism, subsidies can be provided by a government to facilitate the popularization and acceptance of green products. Subsidies play a significant role in encouraging the development of green products. We explored the proper optimal subsidy mechanism for green products from the angle of maximizing the net policy return, which cannot only encourage the development of green products but also do not aggravate financial burden for the government. In order to explore the optimal subsidy level for green products from the perspective of net policy benefit maximization, this paper established the optimal subsidy principal-agent models and a numerical example was presented to verify the effectiveness of the model we constructed. The results show that improving investors’ preference and eliminating asymmetric information contribute to reduce subsidy cost savings. Additionally, improving consumer environmental awareness, promoting the development and application of green technology, and reducing market risk reduce subsidy costs. This article provides policymakers with an effective subsidy scheme to accelerate the development of green products and achieve sustainable development goals.

scholarly journals Pengarusutamaan Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) Program Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Kota Pagar Alam

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-251
Author(s):  
Ricky Rachmatullah ◽  
Teguh Endaryanto ◽  
M Irfan Affandi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Social Welfare Services ◽  
First Choice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government

Poverty is one of the indicators in judging the succeded sustainable development efforts. This study aims to analyze correlation between poverty alleviation budget programs by the Government and Local Government of Pagar Alam City with the percentage of poverty levels and determine poverty alleviation priority programs can be pursued by the Local Government of Pagar Alam City related to the achievement of SDGs mainstreaming target on 2030. The analytical method in this study uses the Pearson Correlation and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results showed that the poverty allevation program budget had a signifiant corelation to the poverty percentage reduction in collaborative and synergistic budgeting through the APBD of Pagar Alam with APBN. Based on the assessment in the AHP model, the Social Welfare Services and Rehabilitation Program is first ranked or the first choice in the framework of poverty alleviation by SDGs mainstreaming.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic and Climatic Impacts of Photovoltaic Systems Operating High-Efficiency Irrigation Systems: A Case Study of the Government Subsidy Scheme for Climate-Smart Agriculture in Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Faakhar Raza ◽  
Muhammad Tamoor ◽  
Sajjad Miran
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Government Subsidy ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Subsidy Scheme ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

This paper presents the results of a field study conducted in the Punjab, Pakistan, to evaluate the socio-economic and climatic impact of Photovoltaic (PV) systems installed under government subsidy scheme for operating high efficiency irrigation systems (HEIS) i.e., drip and sprinkler irrigation systems. Agriculture provides livelihood to almost half of the rural population and recent energy crisis in the country has adversely affected the rural communities. Farmer’s dependence on fossil fuels has significantly increased for operating irrigation systems which has resulted in high costs of agriculture production. Government of Punjab has launched a subsidy scheme to install PV systems for operating efficient drip and sprinkler irrigation systems on cost sharing basis. Photovoltaic systems having a capacity of 17.30 megawatt, were installed to operate high efficiency irrigation systems at around twenty thousand acres under this subsidy project, that has resulted in an annual saving of 0.0066 billion liters of diesel. The average capacity of installed PV systems was 9.0 kilowatt, which matched the 7.50 horse power of installed water pumps. On average, the cost of a PV system per acre was calculated to be 0.000142 billion PKR, while the cost per kWp was calculated to be 0.000149 billion PKR. The research results show that the installation of photovoltaic systems has increased the adoption rate of high-efficiency irrigation systems, reduced carbon dioxide emissions, and reduced the high operating costs associated with diesel powered pump systems. The primary data about on-farm agriculture and irrigation practices used in this study were collected through in-depth farmer surveys, while the secondary data information came from reports, official documents and statistics issued by the government.

scholarly journals Effect of government subsidies on supply chain decision-making and coordination in the context of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuyong Qian ◽  
Sen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Government Subsidy ◽  
Effort Level ◽  
Welfare Level ◽  
Coordination Strategies ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Considering the two-stage supply chain composed of a leading retailer and a manufacturer under the background of the COVID-19 epidemic, the retailer determines the anti-epidemic effort level and bears the corresponding costs, and the manufacturer determines the cost-sharing rate under the coordination strategy. This paper analyses the pricing decision, anti-epidemic effort level and cost-sharing rate of supply chain under different government subsidy measures and coordination strategies. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the applicability of the conclusion and the model. From the perspective of Stackelberg game, we find that under the background of the epidemic, government subsidy measures, coordination strategies and increasing marginal income of anti-epidemic efforts are conducive to higher anti-epidemic efforts and social welfare level. And the government can obtain the maximum anti-epidemic efforts and social welfare level by subsidising manufacturers with cost sharing.

Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Peleburan Unit Pelaksana Teknis Dinas Pendidikan Pada Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Aceh Utara

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Muntasir Muntasir ◽  
Amru Alba
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Educational Development ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
The North ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The Government

Educational development must be carried out thoughtfully, following the principles of good governance which is transparent, effective, and efficient. Education becomes a solution for the intellectual life of the nation and a key enabler for sustainable development. Realizing this principle of efficiency and effectiveness, the government adopted a policy of merging 15 Education Technical Implementation Units (UPTD) at the North Aceh Education and Culture Office. The research found that in North Aceh District, 15 UPTD were merged into the Education and Culture Office, which disrupted 30 structural officials losing their positions, and 90 honorary staffs are no longer receiving salaries. The study suggests that the local government should carefully and well-designed the regulations regarding the merging 15 Education Technical Implementation Units at the North Aceh regency. The accurate implementation of the policy will not sacrifice many teaching staff and administrative officers. However, we realize that the principle of efficiency for this task is to save the use of the education budget.

scholarly journals A Sustainable Transport Competitiveness Analysis of the China Railway Express in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqi Li ◽  
Maoxiang Lang ◽  
Xueqiao Yu ◽  
Mingyue Zhang ◽  
Minghe Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Freight Rate ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Market Competitiveness ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
China Railway ◽  
Generalized Cost

The implementation of China’s Belt and Road Initiative macro strategy has promoted exchanges and cooperation between China and Europe and countries along the route. The operation of the China Railway Express provides a new transportation platform for China–Europe trade. The sustainable development of the China Railway Express has a great significance in terms of promoting the growth of China–Europe trade and meeting the demand for freight in Asia and Europe. Its time-saving advantage over shipping and its economic advantage over air transport cannot be ignored. This paper is based on the discrete selection model of stochastic utility theory. The paper constructs a multi-logit model based on generalized cost functions, including economics, timeliness, reliability, convenience, safety, and environmental protection. To calculate the market share of the China Railway Express and China–Europe Shipping, the paper conducts a quantitative analysis of the market competitiveness of the China Railway Express. Then, the sensitivity analysis and elastic analysis are carried out on the China Railway Express freight rate, the Chinese road freight rate, the China Railway Express service fee, the China Railway Express travelling speed, the China Railway Express sending operation time at the departure station, the China Railway Express transportation time error, the China Railway Express transportation frequency, and the China Railway Express carbon emissions per unit. Finally, based on the analysis results, suggestions for promoting the sustainable development of the China Railway Express are given.

PERCEIVED EFFECTS OF STREET HAWKING ON THE WELL-BEING OF CHILDREN IN ANYIGBA, DEKINA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Alfred Eboh
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
The Government

Background: The hawking of wares by children has been a serious issue confronting the Nigerian society. Children hawk in some of the most horrible conditions conceivable, where they face a serious risk of injury, chronic illness, kidnapping, rape or death. Objective: The focus of this study was to assess the perceived effects of street hawking on the well-being of children in Anyigba, Dekina Local Government Area of Kogi State. Methods: The population of this study consists of parents of the street hawkers in Anyigba while cross-sectional survey design was used through the purposive sampling technique to choose the sample size of one hundred and sixty-two (162) respondents. The validated structured questionnaire and In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) served as the instruments for the data collection respectively. The hypotheses were tested using Chi-Square at a predetermined 0.05 level of significance. The quantitative data were analysed with the aid of the SPSS (version 20). Results: The results indicated among others that street hawking had significant social implications and physical consequences on children's moral behaviour as well as health status in the study area. Conclusion: The study, therefore, concluded that the government of Kogi State should carry out an enlightenment campaign through the media and religious institutions on the negative consequences of street hawking are recommended as panacea. Also, the child right act instrument and its implementation should be strengthened in order to curb street hawking in the study area.

PERANAN INSPEKTORAT KABUPATENSUMENEP DALAM MENCEGAH DAN MENDETEKSI FRAUD DI DINAS PENDIDIKAN SUMENEP

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astri Furqani ◽  
Hafidhah .
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Government

In this era, a lot of activities that can not be separated from the practice of cheating or fraud , no exception In the government . Inspektorat Sumenep is the leading institution of internal Local Government in preventing and detecting fraud in the Local Government appropiate Perbup Sumenep No. 29 of 2008 . Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep need attention on the issue . This is due to Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep an agency with the largest number of assets and managing large budgets . These conditions led to the formulation of the problem is How Inspektorat Sumenep role in preventing and detecting fraud in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep. This study used a qualitative approach in which the focus of this study is Inspektorat role in preventing and detecting fraud at Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep . Primary data obtained by direct interviews with the parties directly related to the determination of the source of research data in a qualitative study using nonprobability sampling . The sampling technique used was purposive sampling . The conclusion of this study, role of the Inspektorat Sumenep in the prevention of fraud in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep still not maximal . This is due to Inspektorat Sumenep not supervise from the planning / budgeting and not optimal in overseeing and assisting the implementation of the SPIP as an instrument of fraud prevention in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep . The role of Inspektorat Sumenep in the detection of fraud in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep done by conducting an audit of financial and asset management in each financial year.Keywords: fraud, government, inspektorat.

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