scholarly journals The Effects of Tax Reduction and Fee Reduction Policies on the Digital Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7611
Author(s):  
Tuochen Li ◽  
Liang Yang
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Corporate Structure ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Tax Reduction ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tax Cuts

The digital economy is the future of the world in terms of both contemporary trends and opportunities. Developing the digital economy is a practical way of strategically re-thinking network power and digital China and is the only way to achieve successful growth in countries’ development economies and seize a commanding position for future development. Tax reductions, which promote high-quality economic development and preserve the overall situation of national governance, are an important measure for all countries to cope with economic pressure. In recent years, China has successively introduced and continuously expanded a series of tax and fee reduction policies that have played an important role in stabilizing its economy and vigorously developing its digital economy. This study consists of six sections. The first section provides an overview of the digital economy, introducing its definitions and connotations as well as the significance of developments of the digital economy. The second section is a literature review of tax and fee reductions; the research results in this field for countries around the world are summarized based on the three perspectives of research objects, tax-reduction-policy effects and research methods and data. The third section describes the impact of tax reductions and fee reductions on China’s digital economy from an international perspective. Through the 2019 Forbes Global Top 100 Digital Economy List, this article analyzes the global digital economy corporate structure, observes the positive effects of tax and fee reductions on Chinese digital economy companies and compares the impact of tax cuts and fee reductions on digital economy companies in China, the United States and other countries. Stata software was used to conduct an empirical analysis on the panel data of digital economy companies from both macro and micro perspectives and Section 4 presents an evaluation of the policy effects of tax cuts and fee reductions on digital economy companies from multiple aspects. China does not have a systematic tax and fee reduction policy that is compatible with digital economy development and its investments in large digital economy companies can be increased, as discussed in Section 5. In Section 6, we recommend that China improves and optimizes its tax and fee policies to increase tax incentives for independent innovation and high-level talent.

scholarly journals A Man in the Era of Digitalization of Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Liga Marina B. ◽  
◽  
Shchetkina Irina A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
The United States ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

Currently, one of the trends in the development of countries is the process of digital transformation, which affects all spheres of society. The transformation of countries’ economies is carried out with the help of such technologies as robotics, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and big data groups. The transformation process, being global, gets its specific name in each country. In Russia, this is “digital economy”, which is defined in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On National goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024” as a strategy for the future development of Russia In Germany, it is “Industry 4.0”, represented by the concept of K. Schwab, in the United States, the concept of transforming society based on digital technologies is called “Industrial Internet Consortium”. In Japan, the Government has developed the “Society 5.0” strategy in conjunction with the Keidanren Association of Japan. The result of the digitalization process will be the creation of a new world based on digital technologies, in which new values and management technologies arise. The purpose of this article is to analyze the digital age as a space for the emergence of digital risks, to identify their impact on modern people. The study uses general philosophical methods that make it possible to describe modern digital civilization. Within the framework of the risk concept, digital risks arising in various spheres of society’s life are described. The positive effects of the development of the digital economy, which forms a new digital world and a new person are highlighted and described. Today, the future of civilization is determined by the development of the digital economy, which determines the basic mechanisms of society’s existence. At the same time, it will be a world filled with various kinds of risks, threats to society, the economy and the individual. The article raises questions related to the impact of the digital economy on a person living in the conditions of the global information space. Keywords: digital economy, digital risks, digital age, risk, digitalization, digital generation, competencies

THE INFLUENCE OF SCOTTISH ACCOUNTANTS IN THE UNITED STATES: THE EARLY CASE OF THE SOCIETY OF ACCOUNTANTS IN EDINBURGH

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. LEE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Research Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World ◽  
Early Case ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chartered Accountants ◽  
The U.S

This study represents part of a long-term research program to investigate the influence of U.K. accountants on the development of professional accountancy in other parts of the world. It examines the impact of a small group of Scottish chartered accountants who emigrated to the U.S. in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Set against a general theory of emigration, the study's main results reveal the significant involvement of this group in the founding and development of U.S. accountancy. The influence is predominantly with respect to public accountancy and its main institutional organizations. Several of the individuals achieved considerable eminence in U.S. public accountancy.

scholarly journals The Effect of Vaccination Rates on the Infection of COVID-19 under the Vaccination Rate below the Herd Immunity Threshold

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7491
Author(s):  
Yi-Tui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Although vaccination is carried out worldwide, the vaccination rate varies greatly. As of 24 May 2021, in some countries, the proportion of the population fully vaccinated against COVID-19 has exceeded 50%, but in many countries, this proportion is still very low, less than 1%. This article aims to explore the impact of vaccination on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the herd immunity of almost all countries in the world has not been reached, several countries were selected as sample cases by employing the following criteria: more than 60 vaccine doses per 100 people and a population of more than one million people. In the end, a total of eight countries/regions were selected, including Israel, the UAE, Chile, the United Kingdom, the United States, Hungary, and Qatar. The results find that vaccination has a major impact on reducing infection rates in all countries. However, the infection rate after vaccination showed two trends. One is an inverted U-shaped trend, and the other is an L-shaped trend. For those countries with an inverted U-shaped trend, the infection rate begins to decline when the vaccination rate reaches 1.46–50.91 doses per 100 people.

THE ACTIVITIES OF THE USA AND CHINA IN THE REGIONS OF THE WORLD, AFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF RUSSIA'S INTERESTS. Part 1: country interests and activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Gordienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the interests of Russia, the United States and China in the regions of the world and identifies the priorities of Russia's activities in Europe, Central Asia and the Caucasus, the Asia-Pacific region, the Arctic, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America, their comparative assessment with the interests of the United States and China. An approach to assessing the impact of possible consequences of the activities of the United States and China on the realization of Russia's interests is proposed. This makes it possible to identify the priorities of the policy of the Russian Federation in various regions of the world. The results of the analysis can be used to substantiate recommendations to the military-political leadership of our country. It is concluded that the discrepancy between the interests of the United States and China is important for the implementation of the current economic and military policy of the Russian Federation.

Influence of Renminbi Internationalization on China’s Monetary Policy Effects: A Theoretical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Huiguan Ding ◽  
Asli Ogunc ◽  
Dale Funderburk ◽  
Shiyou Li ◽  
Zhebie Shi
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Securities Markets ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rmb Internationalization

For more than a decade, the People’s Republic of China has sought to expand the degree of internationalization of its official currency. In recent decades, China has become the world’s second largest economy, as well as the world’s largest trading nation, and its securities markets are among the largest in the world. Today, the RMB is among the top five as a world payments currency. One of the significant costs of achieving higher degrees of internationalization of a country’s currency is the complicating impact it has on the efficacy and effect of that country’s domestic monetary policy.  However, what is the nature and extent of that complicating impact? This paper employs an IS-LM model of an open economy as an analytical framework, embeds an RMB internationalization factor into that model. Specifically, with this model we examine the impact of RMB internationalization on the effects of China’s monetary policy. 

Risks of the Digitalization of Life of the Population and Ways of Decreasing Them

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4-1) ◽  
pp. 180-203
Author(s):  
Elena Stukalenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Digital technologies, ubiquitous in our daily life, have radically changed the way we work, communicate, and consume in a short period of time. They affect all components of quality of life: well-being, work, health, education, social connections, environmental quality, the ability to participate and govern civil society, and so on. Digital transformation creates both opportunities and serious risks to the well-being of people. Researchers and statistical agencies around the world are facing a major challenge to develop new tools to analyze the impact of digital transformation on the well-being of the population. The risks are very diverse in nature and it is very difficult to identify the key factor. All researchers conclude that secure digital technologies significantly improve the lives of those who have the skills to use them and pose a serious risk of inequality for society, as they introduce a digital divide between those who have the skills to use them and those who do not. In the article, the author examines the risks created by digital technologies for some components of the quality of life (digital component of the quality of life), which are six main components: the digital quality of the population, providing the population with digital benefits, the labor market in the digital economy, the impact of digitalization on the social sphere, state electronic services for the population and the security of information activities. The study was carried out on the basis of the available statistical base and the results of research by scientists from different countries of the world. The risks of the digital economy cannot be ignored when pursuing state social policy. Attention is paid to government regulation aimed at reducing the negative consequences of digitalization through the prism of national, federal projects and other events.

Neuroscience20 (BRAIN20, SPINE20, and MENTAL20) Health Initiative: A Global Consortium Addressing the Human and Economic Burden of Brain, Spine, and Mental Disorders Through Neurotech Innovations and Policies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Kevin Morris ◽  
Mohammad Nami ◽  
Joe F. Bolanos ◽  
Maria A. Lobo ◽  
Melody Sadri-Naini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fast Tracking ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Neurological disorders significantly impact the world’s economy due to their often chronic and life-threatening nature afflicting individuals which, in turn, creates a global disease burden. The Group of Twenty (G20) member nations, which represent the largest economies globally, should come together to formulate a plan on how to overcome this burden. The Neuroscience-20 (N20) initiative of the Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics (SBMT) is at the vanguard of this global collaboration to comprehensively raise awareness about brain, spine, and mental disorders worldwide. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the various brain initiatives worldwide and highlight the need for cooperation and recommend ways to bring down costs associated with the discovery and treatment of neurological disorders. Our systematic search revealed that the cost of neurological and psychiatric disorders to the world economy by 2030 is roughly $16T. The cost to the economy of the United States is $1.5T annually and growing given the impact of COVID-19. We also discovered there is a shortfall of effective collaboration between nations and a lack of resources in developing countries. Current statistical analyses on the cost of neurological disorders to the world economy strongly suggest that there is a great need for investment in neurotechnology and innovation or fast-tracking therapeutics and diagnostics to curb these costs. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, SBMT, through this paper, intends to showcase the importance of worldwide collaborations to reduce the population’s economic and health burden, specifically regarding neurological/brain, spine, and mental disorders.

A New World Economic order formation

2021 ◽  
pp. 932-950
Author(s):  
Vladislav Vyacheslavovich Emelyanov
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Order ◽  
The West ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
World Economic Order ◽  
The Impact

Every few decades, the world order changes due to various geopolitical, economic and other circumstances. For example, as a result of globalization, the world order has undergone significant changes in the last forty years. Globalization has led to the destruction of the postwar world order, as well as to world leadership by the United States and the West. However, in recent decades, as a result of globalization, the U.S. and the West began to cede their leadership to developing countries, so there is now a change in the economic structure of relations in the world system. Today the center of economic growth is in the East, namely in Asia. There are no new superpowers in the world at the moment, but the unipolar world will cease to exist due to the weakening of the U. S. leadership, which will lead to a change in the world order. A new leader, which may replace the U. S., will not have as wide range of advantages as the USA has. Most likely, the essence of the new order will be to unite the largest countries and alliances into blocks, for example, the USA together with the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the EU, etc. The article outlines forecasts of GDP growth rates as well as the global energy outlook; analyzes the LNG market as well as the impact of the pandemic on the global oil and gas market; and lists the characteristics of U. S. geopolitics.

scholarly journals Sustainability of micro-enterprises in the digital economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 06008
Author(s):  
Oksana Mukhoryanova ◽  
Larisa Kuleshova ◽  
Nina Rusakova ◽  
Olga Mirgorodskaya
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Traditional Industry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Enterprises

This paper aims at investigating the predisposition leading to the sustainability of micro-enterprises in the digital economy, especially the sharing economy. This area represents a new field since the research of the impact of the sharing economy on small enterprises is still in its infancy. We study the role of the entrepreneurial approach and entrepreneurial philosophy of the small business with regard to the digitalization and the sustainable development and growth using examples from the European Union and the United States. Some common features and trends are derived and the outcomes are discussed. Our results point at the fact that by creating an economy for micro-entrepreneurs, the sharing economy thrives on traditional industry disrupted by technology. Since micro-enterprises constitute a backbone of the economy in many developed and developing countries, more research is required to shed the light of the sustainable development of these types of enterprises in the globalized and digitalized world.

scholarly journals How successful was Joseph Stalin in establishing Soviet Union as a superpower?

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Jakub Majkowski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

This essay will firstly address the extent of Stalin’s achievements in leading the course for domestic policy of the Soviet Union and its contribution towards maintaining the country’s supremacy in the world, for example the rapid post-war recovery of industry and agriculture, and secondly, the foreign policy including ambiguous relations with Communist governments of countries forming the Eastern Bloc, upkeeping frail alliances and growing antagonism towards western powers, especially the United States of America.   The actions and influence of Stalin’s closest associates in the Communist Party and the effect of Soviet propaganda on the society are also reviewed. This investigation will cover the period from 1945 to 1953. Additionally, other factors such as the impact of post-war worldwide economic situation and attitude of the society of Soviet Union will be discussed.    

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