Sustainable Management of the Electrical-Energy–Water–Food Nexus Using Robust Optimization

The significance of the security of electrical energy, water, and food resources in the future, which are inextricably connected, has led to increasing attention to this important issue in studies. This is an issue inattention to which can have irreparable consequences in the future. One of the sectors where electrical energy, water, and food are very closely associated is agriculture. Undoubtedly, the ability to properly manage electrical energy, hydropower, and food resources that have many uncertainties brings about the development of agriculture on the one hand and the optimal allocation of electrical energy, water, and land resources on the other. Thus, while reaching the highest economic profit, the greenhouse gas emissions reach the minimum possible value too. In this study, via robust optimization and by precisely considering the existing uncertainties, a model was developed for the optimal allocation of electrical energy, water, and land resources for a region in the north of China. In addition to acknowledging the close relationship between electrical energy, water, and food sources, the results show the method’s effectiveness for sustainable management in agriculture.

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On Riccia marginata and related species (Ricciaceae, Marchantiophyta)

Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii ◽

10.31111/nsnr/2012.46.298 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 298-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. D. Potemkin ◽

T. Ahti

Keyword(s):

Related Species ◽

Lake Ladoga ◽

Leningrad Region ◽

Sem Images ◽

North Shore ◽

The North ◽

Molecular Studies ◽

The Future ◽

The Town

Riccia marginata Lindb. was described by S. O. Lindberg (1877) from the outskirts of the town of Sortavala near the north shore of Lake Ladoga, Republic of Karelia, Russia. The species has been forgotten in most recent liverwort accounts of Europe, including Russia. Lectotypification of R. marginata is provided. R. marginata shares most characters with R. beyrichiana Hampe ex Lehm. It differs from “typical” plants of R. beyrichiana in having smaller spores, with ± distinctly finely areolate to roughly papillose proximal surfaces and a narrower and shorter thallus, as well as in scarcity or absence of marginal hairs. It may represent continental populations of the suboceanic-submediterranean R. beyrichiana, known in Russia from the Leningrad Region and Karelia only. The variability of spore surfaces in R. beyrichiana is discussed and illustrated by SEM images. A comparison with the spores of R. bifurca Hoffm. is provided. The question how distinct R. marginata is from R. beyrichiana needs to be clarified by molecular studies in the future, when adequate material is available. R. marginata is for the time being, provisionally, included in R. beyrichiana.

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Triumph of the Human Spirit

10.1093/oso/9780199474684.003.0023 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Market Efficiency ◽

Human Development ◽

Global Economy ◽

Human History ◽

Human Spirit ◽

The South ◽

The North ◽

Models Of Development ◽

Sustainable Human Development ◽

The Future

This chapter is a transcript of Haq’s address to the North South Roundtable of 1992, where he identifies five critical challenges for the global economy for the future. If addressed properly, these can change the course of human history. He stresses on the need for redefining security to include security for people, not just of land or territories; to redefine the existing models of development to include ‘sustainable human development’; to find a more pragmatic balance between market efficiency and social compassion; to forge a new partnership between the North and the South to address issues of inequality; and the need to think on new patterns of governance for the next decade.

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An exploration of the relationship between recruitment communication and foraging in stingless bees

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/cz/zoab043 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Robbie I’Anson Price ◽

Francisca Segers ◽

Amelia Berger ◽

Fabio S Nascimento ◽

Christoph Grüter

Keyword(s):

Stingless Bees ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Social Information ◽

Food Resources ◽

Food Sources ◽

Foraging Strategies ◽

High Quality ◽

Recruitment Communication ◽

Eusocial Bees ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Social information is widely used in the animal kingdom and can be highly adaptive. In social insects, foragers can use social information to find food, avoid danger or choose a new nest site. Copying others allows individuals to obtain information without having to sample the environment. When foragers communicate information they will often only advertise high quality food sources, thereby filtering out less adaptive information. Stingless bees, a large pantropical group of highly eusocial bees, face intense inter- and intra-specific competition for limited resources, yet display disparate foraging strategies. Within the same environment there are species that communicate the location of food resources to nest-mates and species that do not. Our current understanding of why some species communicate foraging sites while others do not is limited. Studying freely foraging colonies of several co-existing stingless bee species in Brazil, we investigated if recruitment to specific food locations is linked to (1) the sugar content of forage, (2) the duration of foraging trips and (3) the variation in activity of a colony from one day to another and the variation in activity in a species over a day. We found that, contrary to our expectations, species with recruitment communication did not return with higher quality forage than species that do not recruit nestmates. Furthermore, foragers from recruiting species did not have shorter foraging trip durations than those from weakly-recruiting species. Given the intense inter- and intraspecific competition for resources in these environments, it may be that recruiting species favour food resources that can be monopolised by the colony rather than food sources that offer high-quality rewards.

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Future Changes in Tropical Cyclone and Easterly Wave Characteristics over Tropical North America

Oceans ◽

10.3390/oceans2020024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 429-447

Author(s):

Christian Dominguez ◽

James M. Done ◽

Cindy L. Bruyère

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

North Atlantic Ocean ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Track Density ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

Tropical Cyclogenesis ◽

Future Scenarios ◽

Southern Mexico ◽

The North ◽

The Future

Tropical Cyclones (TCs) and Easterly Waves (EWs) are the most important phenomena in Tropical North America. Thus, examining their future changes is crucial for adaptation and mitigation strategies. The Community Earth System Model drove a three-member regional model multi-physics ensemble under the Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 emission scenario for creating four future scenarios (2020–2030, 2030–2040, 2050–2060, 2080–2090). These future climate runs were analyzed to determine changes in EW and TC features: rainfall, track density, contribution to seasonal rainfall, and tropical cyclogenesis. Our study reveals that a mean increase of at least 40% in the mean annual TC precipitation is projected over northern Mexico and southwestern USA. Slight positive changes in EW track density are projected southwards 10° N over the North Atlantic Ocean for the 2050–2060 and 2080–2090 periods. Over the Eastern Pacific Ocean, a mean increment in the EW activity is projected westwards across the future decades. Furthermore, a mean reduction by up to 60% of EW rainfall, mainly over the Caribbean region, Gulf of Mexico, and central-southern Mexico, is projected for the future decades. Tropical cyclogenesis over both basins slightly changes in future scenarios (not significant). We concluded that these variations could have significant impacts on regional precipitation.

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“The Future of Archaeology Is Antiracist”: Archaeology in the Time of Black Lives Matter

American Antiquity ◽

10.1017/aaq.2021.18 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Ayana Omilade Flewellen ◽

Justin P. Dunnavant ◽

Alicia Odewale ◽

Alexandra Jones ◽

Tsione Wolde-Michael ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

North American ◽

The United States ◽

Heritage Preservation ◽

Social Unrest ◽

Black Lives Matter ◽

The North ◽

Road Map ◽

The Social ◽

The Future

This forum builds on the discussion stimulated during an online salon in which the authors participated on June 25, 2020, entitled “Archaeology in the Time of Black Lives Matter,” and which was cosponsored by the Society of Black Archaeologists (SBA), the North American Theoretical Archaeology Group (TAG), and the Columbia Center for Archaeology. The online salon reflected on the social unrest that gripped the United States in the spring of 2020, gauged the history and conditions leading up to it, and considered its rippling throughout the disciplines of archaeology and heritage preservation. Within the forum, the authors go beyond reporting the generative conversation that took place in June by presenting a road map for an antiracist archaeology in which antiblackness is dismantled.

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Future of Sustainable Management of Energy Companies in Terms of Attitudes and Preferences of the Younger Generation

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14113207 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 3207

Author(s):

Arnold Pabian ◽

Katarzyna Bilińska-Reformat ◽

Barbara Pabian

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Sustainable Management ◽

Energy Sector ◽

Social Activities ◽

Social Attitude ◽

Future Activity ◽

The Future ◽

Younger Generation ◽

Energy Companies ◽

High Degree

The future of the energy sector depends on the younger generation. The paper presents the results of the study, the aim of which was to determine to what extent younger generation is pro-ecological and pro-social, and whether they will include pro-ecological and pro-social activities in the management of energy companies. It is especially important to implement sustainable management in the energy sector. The study found that only 33.9% of young people are highly pro-ecological and 28.6% highly pro-social. As many as 83.0% of the younger generation show low and medium interest in environmental protection. Declarations of young people concerning high degree of inclusion of pro-ecological and pro-social activities in management are at the level of 49.9% and 58.1%. However, in many cases, these intentions do not coincide with the high pro-ecological and pro-social attitude of young people. This means that their future activity for sustainable management may be low. According to the survey, the younger generation to a large extent is not prepared to continue efforts for sustainable development in the future in the energy companies.

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Excavations at Fishbourne, 1963. Third Interim Report

The Antiquaries Journal ◽

10.1017/s0003581500062454 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Keyword(s):

Interim Report ◽

The West ◽

Civic Society ◽

North West ◽

The Third ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

The Future ◽

Set Up

Early in 1963 much of the land occupied by the Roman building at Fishbourne was purchased by Mr. I. D. Margary, M.A., F.S.A., and was given to the Sussex Archaeological Trust. The Fishbourne Committee of the trust was set up to administer the future of the site. The third season's excavation, carried out at the desire of this committee, was again organized by the Chichester Civic Society.1 About fifty volunteers a day were employed from 24th July to 3rd September. Excavation concentrated upon three main areas; the orchard south of the east wing excavated in 1962, the west end of the north wing, and the west wing. In addition, trial trenches were dug at the north-east and north-west extremities of the building and in the area to the north of the north wing. The work of supervision was carried out by Miss F. Pierce, M.A., Mr. B. Morley, Mr. A. B. Norton, B.A., and Mr. J. P. Wild, B.A. Photography was organized by Mr. D. B. Baker and Mrs. F. A. Cunliffe took charge of the pottery and finds.

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Negotiating North American Free Trade

International Negotiation ◽

10.1163/15718060020848640 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 43-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

◽

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Free Trade ◽

North American ◽

Negotiation Process ◽

Divided Government ◽

Weak States ◽

Trade Negotiation ◽

The North ◽

The Future ◽

Asymmetrical Power

AbstractNegotiators for powerful, self-reliant states tend to be less responsive to weak states relative to domestic constituents, while negotiators for states entangled in ties of asymmetric interdependence with more powerful states tend to be more responsive to the demands of powerful states than to the demands of domestic constituents. Asymmetrical power does not necessarily lead to asymmetrical results, however, because negotiators in weaker states may, nevertheless, have more attractive non-agreement alternatives and a longer shadow of the future. Negotiators with attractive non-agreement alternatives will be more willing to put agreement at risk by withholding concessions in the negotiation process. Centralized and vertical institutions are often a bargaining liability precisely because weak states tend to be less responsive to domestic constituents, whereas divided government can be a major asset. These propositions are demonstrated through an analysis and reconstruction of the North American Free Trade negotiation process.

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Conditional and Other Functions of Forms in /-(zα(.))r/ in Abkhaz

Iran and the Caucasus ◽

10.1163/157338408x326208 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 57-71

Author(s):

George Hewitt

Keyword(s):

Historical Development ◽

Semantic Feature ◽

Finite Form ◽

North West ◽

Verbal Noun ◽

The North ◽

Morphological Segmentation ◽

The Future

AbstractProtases ('if'-clauses) in the North West Caucasian language Abkhaz are mostly marked by either /-r/ or /-zα.r/, depending on the tense and/or type of verb (Stative or Dynamic) concerned. The article presents examples of this conditional usage and the role of protasis-type forms in both temporal and interrogative expressions as well as in complementiser-function. The complementisers in question share the semantic feature of irrealis with conditionals. A rhotic element is also found in the non-finite form of the Future I tense, in the Masdar (verbal noun), and in such converbs as the Purposives, the Resultative and the Future Absolute. The article attempts to link the semantic notions of futurity, potentiality, indefiniteness or general irrealis to the rhotic element and asks what might have been the historical development resulting in the forms attested today and thus their original morphological segmentation.

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Rates of consumption of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> through the weathering of loess during the next 100 yr of climate change

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-10-135-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 135-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Y. Goddéris ◽

S. L. Brantley ◽

L. M. François ◽

J. Schott ◽

D. Pollard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Reaction Front ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Atmospheric Co2 ◽

Co2 Production ◽

Depth Interval ◽

Mississippi Valley ◽

The South ◽

The North ◽

The Future

Abstract. Quantifying how C fluxes will change in the future is a complex task for models because of the coupling between climate, hydrology, and biogeochemical reactions. Here we investigate how pedogenesis of the Peoria loess, which has been weathering for the last 13 kyr, will respond over the next 100 yr of climate change. Using a cascade of numerical models for climate (ARPEGE), vegetation (CARAIB) and weathering (WITCH), we explore the effect of an increase in CO2 of 315 ppmv (1950) to 700 ppmv (2100 projection). The increasing CO2 results in an increase in temperature along the entire transect. In contrast, drainage increases slightly for a focus pedon in the south but decreases strongly in the north. These two variables largely determine the behavior of weathering. In addition, although CO2 production rate increases in the soils in response to global warming, the rate of diffusion back to the atmosphere also increases, maintaining a roughly constant or even decreasing CO2 concentration in the soil gas phase. Our simulations predict that temperature increasing in the next 100 yr causes the weathering rates of the silicates to increase into the future. In contrast, the weathering rate of dolomite – which consumes most of the CO2 – decreases in both end members (south and north) of the transect due to its retrograde solubility. We thus infer slower rates of advance of the dolomite reaction front into the subsurface, and faster rates of advance of the silicate reaction front. However, additional simulations for 9 pedons located along the north–south transect show that the dolomite weathering advance rate will increase in the central part of the Mississippi Valley, owing to a maximum in the response of vertical drainage to the ongoing climate change. The carbonate reaction front can be likened to a terrestrial lysocline because it represents a depth interval over which carbonate dissolution rates increase drastically. However, in contrast to the lower pH and shallower lysocline expected in the oceans with increasing atmospheric CO2, we predict a deeper lysocline in future soils. Furthermore, in the central Mississippi Valley, soil lysocline deepening accelerates but in the south and north the deepening rate slows. This result illustrates the complex behavior of carbonate weathering facing short term global climate change. Predicting the global response of terrestrial weathering to increased atmospheric CO2 and temperature in the future will mostly depend upon our ability to make precise assessments of which areas of the globe increase or decrease in precipitation and soil drainage.

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