Evaluation of sires according to offspring beef quality

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
O. V. Larina O. V. Larina ◽  
M. I. Fedorova ◽  
Yu. N. Kholodov ◽  
A. V. Bakhtina
Keyword(s):  
State Farm ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Complex Index ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
White Breed ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Dairy Breed

Beef production in the Russian Federation is mainly based on the use of over-replacement young animals and culled adult cattle of dairy and dual purpose breeds, and only 10 % of it is obtained from cattle of specialized beef breeds and their crossbreds. The selection and widespread use of the best breeding sires will help to increase the dairy and meat productivity of cows and overcome the negative correlation between the most important selected traits in large numbers of livestock. The results of the evaluation of the off spring of sires of Simmental breed of domestic and foreign selection (Canadian), as well as the sire of Red-and-White dairy breed have been presented in the article. The complex index of the sire Sokol 1335/6330 TS-2811 of Simmental breed of the Canadian selection (purebred), born in 1999 in the collective farm of name after Ilich in the Kalacheyevsky district in the Voronezh region (color pale-mottled), according to the beef characteristics of the off spring was 116, which corresponds to the international category EX – “excellent” (KI[sub]1[/sub]). From this it follows that the sire Sokol 1335/6330 TS-2811 is an improver for beef productivity with the assignment of category C[sub]1[/sub]. The sire Redky 6631 TS-2710 belongs to the line Signal 4863, born in 1989 in the state farm “Moskovsky” in the Kharkiv region (color pale-mottled) of domestic selection received the complex index 102 for the beef productivity of off spring, corresponding to KI[sub]3[/sub] (G) – “good” with the assignment of category C[sub]3[/sub]. The sire Pamir 9060,2566 CGF-123 of Red-and-White breed belongs to the line Siling Traijun Rocket 252803, which has the A[sub]3[/sub]B[sub]3[/sub] breeding category, is the loser in terms of the meat productivity of the off spring. It follows from this that the sons of sires of Simmental breed of the domestic and Canadian selection have the advantage in beef productivity over the sons of the sire of Red-and-White breed.

Productivity and technological qualities of pork when using biological drugs

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-28
Author(s):  
O. Mikheeva ◽  
V. Fedyuk ◽  
M. Slozhenkina
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Large White ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Intestinal Microbiology ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Meat Productivity

In world practice biologically active drugs are widely used at different technological stages of rearing pigs, poultry and cattle. Special attention should be paid to bio-grugs obtained not as a result of chemical synthesis, but isolated from organs and tissues of healthy animals. Restoration of normal intestinal microflora of the animal is the basis of the concept of probiotics. Currently, probiotics are considered as endogenous intestinal microflora most often belonging to the group of lactobacilli, streptococci or bifidobacteria or as specific growth factors for them. Probiotics are selected according to certain criteria based on scientific knowledge of the physiology of intestinal microbiology, as well as animal nutrition. The purpose of the work was to study the effect of biological products on resistance, reproductive, fattening and meat productivity of pigs, on the quality of whole-muscle and fine-structured pork products; to develop a method of application of duodenum extract in combination with probiotics to increase the productivity of pigs. Studies on the effect of extracts derived from endocrine cells of the intestine, in combination with probiotics on the productivity of pigs of Large White breed and the quality of pork, as well as studied the effect of duodenins and probiotics in different concentrations on the protective properties of animal blood have been carried out. New methods of application of extracts of endocrine cells of intestines and probiotics for increase of meat productivity of animals and quality of pork have been offered. The use of bio-drugs increased the livability of young animals in all experimental groups from 1st to 4st by 3,51; 6,05; 4,95 and 5,90 %, respectively. There was an advantage in the amount of revenue from the sale of products of all experimental groups over the control one.

scholarly journals The monitoring outcomes of the meat productivity of cattle processed at “Uvinsky meat factory” OOO of the Uvinsky district in the Udmurt Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 08010
Author(s):  
E.V. Khardina ◽  
O.A. Krasnova ◽  
M.I. Vasilyeva ◽  
S.S. Vostrikova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Primary Processing ◽  
First Category ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
High Level

We performed have performed a comprehensive analysis of the meat productivity of cattle received for slaughter and primary processing at “Uvinsky meat factory” OOO of the Uvinsky district in the Udmurt Republic. The studies were carried out based on data from plumb lines for 2020. During the research, it was revealed that only two districts (Uvinsky and Vavozhsky) had got cattle in 2020, from which they obtained carcasses of the “super” category (21 pieces). This is the highest grade in terms of categorization. Meanwhile, the main range of carcasses of young cattle was assessed in the categories “extra”, “excellent” and “good” (1311 carcasses). However, there were also farms from which carcasses of the “low” fatness category were obtained (Uvinsky, Seltinsky and Vavozhsky districts) (42 carcasses). Based on the results of the commodity evaluation of carcasses of adult cattle, it is worth noting that most of the carcasses were quite well-fed and were rated in the first category. By the end of 2020, the company has obtained meat in carcasses from young cattle in the amount of 608.8 tons. Meanwhile, 917.5 tons of meat were produced in live weight. The meat volume in the carcasses of adult cattle was 180, 1 ton. In live weight, 386, 5 tons were obtained. Given the percentage of beef sales per year and the maximum yield of boneless meat, the company is not capable of fully meeting the needs of all high-level processing shops.

scholarly journals Revealing evolutionary constraints on proteins through sequence analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou-Wen Wang ◽  
Anne-Florence Bitbol ◽  
Ned S. Wingreen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Covariance Matrix ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Elastic Network Model ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Protein Properties ◽  
Selected Traits

AbstractStatistical analysis of alignments of large numbers of protein sequences has revealed “sectors” of collectively coevolving amino acids in several protein families. Here, we show that selection acting on any functional property of a protein, represented by an additive trait, can give rise to such a sector. As an illustration of a selected trait, we consider the elastic energy of an important conformational change within an elastic network model, and we show that selection acting on this energy leads to correlations among residues. For this concrete example and more generally, we demonstrate that the main signature of functional sectors lies in the small-eigenvalue modes of the covariance matrix of the selected sequences. However, secondary signatures of these functional sectors also exist in the extensively-studied large-eigenvalue modes. Our simple, general model leads us to propose a principled method to identify functional sectors, along with the magnitudes of mutational effects, from sequence data. We further demonstrate the robustness of these functional sectors to various forms of selection, and the robustness of our approach to the identification of multiple selected traits.Author summaryProteins play crucial parts in all cellular processes, and their functions are encoded in their amino-acid sequences. Recently, statistical analyses of protein sequence alignments have demonstrated the existence of “sectors” of collectively correlated amino acids. What is the origin of these sectors? Here, we propose a simple underlying origin of protein sectors: they can arise from selection acting on any collective protein property. We find that the main signature of these functional sectors lies in the low-eigenvalue modes of the covariance matrix of the selected sequences. A better understanding of protein sectors will make it possible to discern collective protein properties directly from sequences, as well as to design new functional sequences, with far-reaching applications in synthetic biology.

scholarly journals Growth rate and meat quality of guinea fowl kept in farm conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-588
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Zabiyakin ◽  
Sergey A. Zamyatin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Edible Parts

The research (2018-2019) was conducted in the conditions of a peasant farm in the Voronezh region. The paper evaluates the indicators of the growth rate and meat productivity of the preserved gene pool groups of guinea fowl. The experiment involved three groups of daily guinea fowl of 200 heads of different genetic origin: lines of the Volga white breed (the original VB-4, selected by the rate of live weight gain and reproductive characteristics; autosex VBA-1, selected by the color of down, feather and productive characteristics) and gray-speckled guinea fowl of unknown origin. Studies have shown that the live weight of guinea fowl of the VBA-1 line exceeded the live weight of poultry from other groups of guinea fowl, a significant excess was noted at 8, 12 and 13 weeks of age. The greatest coefficient of variation of the trait was observed at 8 weeks of age. The analysis of relative gain in live weight of guinea fowl showed that up to 10 weeks of age, the highest relative growth rate of guinea fowl of all experimental groups was observed (14.0-17.0 %). Starting from the age of 11 weeks, this indicator gradually decreased (4.3-13.4 %). It was found out that under the same conditions of keeping and feeding, the feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain in guinea fowls of the VBA-1 line were less by 0.09-0.16 kg (3.11-6.33 %) compared to poultry of the VB-4 line and by 0.2-0.4 kg (5.49-12.82 %) compared to their gray-speckled peers. The results of anatomical cutting of guinea fowl carcasses showed that the experimental groups of poultry significantly (P< 0.05) differed among themselves in the degree of development of internal organs and tissues. The yield of edible parts was 60.2-61.1 %, depending on the group of poultry. The large live weight noted by us in linear poultry is the reason for their better meat productivity, which is directly related to an increase in the absolute mass of the eviscerated carcass, its edible parts, muscles and bones. Based on the data obtained, the optimal age of poultry slaughter for meat was determined at 10-12 weeks of life.

scholarly journals Punishing Tobacco Industry Misconduct: The Case for Exceeding a Single Digit Ratio Between Punitive and Compensatory Damages

2005 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara D. Guardino ◽  
Richard A. Daynard
Keyword(s):  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Punitive Damages ◽  
State Farm ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
Compensatory Damages ◽  
Appeals Court ◽  
Smoking And Health

In State Farm v. Campbell, the U.S. Supreme Court announced that “few awards exceeding a single-digit ratio between punitive and compensatory damages” will be constitutional. Several appeals courts have mistaken this language to be a strict mandate prohibiting punitive damages awards in excess of nine times the compensatory damages amount. This trend, however, may be changing. For example, in one recent smoking and health case brought against Philip Morris, an Oregon appeals court allowed a punitive damages award that was almost 97 times the compensatory damages award. This decision was based on the court’s finding that Philip Morris “used fraudulent means to continue a highly profitable business knowing that, as a result, it would cause death and injury to large numbers of Oregonians.” This article proposes that such wrongdoing (or, “primary” reprehensibility) justifies high punitive damages awards in the context of smoking and health litigation.

scholarly journals Even and the Northern Tungusic languages

2020 ◽  
pp. 288-304
Author(s):  
Brigitte Pakendorf ◽  
Natalia Aralova
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Vowel Harmony ◽  
Verbal Inflection ◽  
Extensive System ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Large Case

This chapter provides a concise structural overview of the three Northern Tungusic languages spoken in the Russian Federation, namely Even, Evenki, and Negidal. Even and Evenki are spoken by people who traditionally were fully nomadic hunters and reindeer herders, whereas Negidal is spoken by a small group who were traditionally semi-sedentary fishers and hunters. Typical features of these languages are root-based vowel harmony, large case systems, an extensive system of verbal inflection and derivation, and the widespread use of nonfinite verb forms in subordination. The three languages discussed here share large numbers of cognate forms, but also have notable individual features, such as the indefinite accusative case found in Evenki and Negidal, the refactive verb derivation that Negidal shares with other Tungusic languages of the Amur region, or the use of evaluative morphology to express (in)definiteness in Even.

scholarly journals Problems of tourism infrastructure development (on the example of Olkhon Island)

2021 ◽  
Vol 885 (1) ◽  
pp. 012052
Author(s):  
M Kuklina ◽  
A Trufanov ◽  
A Gurevskaya ◽  
N Krasnoshtanova ◽  
D Kobylkin
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Electronic Resource ◽  
Current State ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Tourist Infrastructure ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Tourist Flow

Abstract In this article we consider the main problems associated with the anthropogenic load and underdeveloped tourist infrastructure on Olkhon Island. Large numbers of tourists arrive on the island uncontrollably, complicating the operation of transport infrastructure and putting pressure on the landscape. In this regard, there is a need to develop a way to control the tourist flow. Olkhon Island is a protected area, the natural resources of which are protected by many laws and restrictions. At the same time, restricting tourist entry is not possible due to the fact that tourism is the main way for many residents to earn money. In this article, a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the tourist infrastructure on Olkhon Island is made, the main problems are identified, and promising approaches and possible solutions are outlined. We considered the main methods for registering tourists, which are used both in the Russian Federation and in tourist centres in many countries. It was proposed to create an electronic resource that will not only provide up-to-date information about Baikal, Olkhon Island and tourist services, but also allow electronic registration of tourists in this area.

scholarly journals The effect of CAPN1 and CAST gene variations on meat quality traits in Finnish Aberdeen Angus and Nordic Red Cattle populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terhi Iso-Touru ◽  
Maiju Pesonen ◽  
Daniel Fischer ◽  
Arto Huuskonen ◽  
Anu Sironen
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Meat Quality Traits ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Dairy Breed

High meat quality and specifically meat tenderness are desired traits by the consumers, however the environmental impact of meat production is becoming a relevant factor in the industry. Therefore, breeding of dual purpose cattle breeds may answer the high demand of meat production in the future. In this study we identified statistical differences between genotypes of CAST and CAPN1 gene variants with meat quality traits in a dairy breed (Nordic Red Cattle) and compared the results with beef breed (Aberdeen Angus). Our results show that the favorable alleles have not been selected in the studied dairy breed and thus could be used as a tool for improvement of meat quality. The genes were associated with specific meat quality traits (i.e. sensory juiciness, marbling score and meat color) also in the dairy breed. This supports the utility of known meat quality associated genetic variants to improve meat quality in dairy breeds.

scholarly journals Analyse des pratiques d’embouche ovine dans deux zones semi-arides du Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 15390-15402
Author(s):  
Sanon Hadja Oumou ◽  
Zorma Antoine ◽  
Simian Aziz ◽  
Obulbiga M. Ferdinand ◽  
Compaoré Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Group 1

Objectif : Pour améliorer la productivité du bétail et de la viande et accroitre le revenu des producteurs, la promotion des activités d’embouche est encouragée et soutenu par différents acteurs au développement. Cependant, la maitrise de l’activité par les producteurs en milieu paysan est faiblement documentée. Méthodologie et résultats : Cette étude a été conduite dans la zone semi-aride du Burkina Faso avec pour objectif d’analyser les pratiques d’embouche des producteurs et d’apprécier leur capacité de production. Elle a consisté en des enquêtes formelles auprès des emboucheurs de huit villages dont quatre dans la zone de Ouahigouya (province du Yatenga) et quatre dans la zone de Dori (province du Seno). Les données ont été collectées auprès de 197 producteurs choisis suivant un échantillonnage en boule de neige. Les résultats montrent deux groupes d’emboucheurs : le premier est dominé par les emboucheurs de la zone de Ouahigouya et le deuxième par ceux de la zone de Dori. Les emboucheurs du groupe 1 ont un âge plus avancé (54 % plus de 50 ans), que ceux du groupe 2 où près de 77 % ont moins de 50 ans. Dans le premier groupe le niveau d’instruction est relativement plus élevé, avec 40 % scolarisés contre 73 % d’illettrés pour le groupe 2. Le nombre d’ovins et de bovins embouchés est plus élevé au niveau du groupe 1 avec en moyenne 8,4 et 3,2 respectivement contre 3,8 et 2,3 pour le groupe 2. Les fosses fumières sont fréquentes dans le groupe 1 où 63% en possèdent. Conclusion et application des résultats : En conclusion, l’étude montre un faible niveau technique des emboucheurs ainsi que leur faible capacité de production, plus marqué dans la zone de Dori. Ces résultats permettent de guider les interventions dans le domaine de l’embouche, notamment de cibler les actions suivant les sites. Dans ces démarches un accent particulier devra être mis sur les cultures à double objectif afin d’améliorer l’alimentation et réduire le cout de production, tout en favorisant l’intégration agricultureélevage. Mots clés : Embouche, ovin, alimentation, capacité de production, Dori, Ouahigouya Sanon et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Analyse des pratiques d’embouche ovine dans deux zones semi-arides du Burkina Faso 15391 ABSTRACT Analysis of sheep fattening practices in two semiarid zones of Burkina Faso Objective: To improve animal and meat productivity and increase the revenue for farmers the promotion of fattening activities is encouraged and supported by many development actors. However, the knowledge of this activity by farmers in rural area is poorly documented. Methodology and results: This study was conducted in the semi-arid zone of Burkina Faso in order to analyse the fattening practices of farmers and assess their production capacity. It consisted of formal surveys of farmers in eight villages, four of which were in the Ouahigouya area (Yatenga province) and four in the Dori area (Seno province). The data were collected from 197 farmers chosen according to a snowball sampling. The results show two groups of farmers: fatteners from the Ouahigouya area and the second dominate the first by those from the Dori area. The fatteners in group 1 are older (54% over 50 years) than those in group 2 where almost 77% are under 50 years old. In the first group, the level of education is relatively higher, with 40% educated against 73% illiterate for group 2. The number of sheep and cattle fattened is higher in group 1 with on average 8.4 and 3.2 respectively against 3.8 and 2.3 for group 2. Manure pits are frequent in group 1 where 63% have them. Conclusion and application of results: This survey reveals low technical level of the farmers as well as their low production capacity, particularly in the Dori area. These results could guide interventions on fattening field particularly to target actions according to the sites. They should involve dual-purpose crop production in order to improve nutrition and reduce the cost of production, while promoting the integration of crop and livestock. Key words: fattening, sheep, feeding, production capacity, Dori, Ouahigouya

scholarly journals The results of selection and breeding activities for white goats of Zalaajinst-Edren breed

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Dorjbat Yo ◽  
Minjigdorj B ◽  
Erdenebaatar B
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Body Color ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Line Breeding ◽  
Breeding Schemes ◽  
Meat Productivity

The population of white goats created by continues research and sound selection under the Gobi ecological and climatic conditions was recognized as a distinct cashmere breed of Zalaajinst-Edren white goats in 2015 by a decree # A/59, of the Minister of Food and Agriculture of Mongolia [7]. Studies carried out in Shinejinst and Bayan-Undur soums of Bayankhongor aimag in 2011-2016 were to review the results of the work undertaken for crossing of native goats and crossbreds from the Gobi Gurvan Saikhan breed and native goats with bucks of Zalaajinst white strain. The objective of this work was to evaluate the outputs of previously conducted studies on inheritance of body color and achievements of introduced selective breeding schemes and to investigate options for further consolidation of key productive and phenotypic performances such as body color, cashmere yield and fiber quality. The size of herds of Zalaajinst-Edren breed raised in Shinejinst and Bayan-Undur soums, home to the nucleus herds has reached 217.5 thousand heads including 47.8 thousand heads of desirable type - representing the breed. Thus, the number of goats satisfies the limits allowing entering into straight breeding and kick-off line breeding exercises using existing genealogical lines: “Zalaa” – fine cashmere fiber, “Suvdan” - large body size, “Myandsan” with long cashmere fiber and “Edren” producing the most fine cashmere [6].The distinctive features of goats of Zalaajinst-Edren white breed is that they give pure white cashmere with unique quality yielding at 406.3 grams of fine down of 15.1 microns in fiber diameter and 68.6 mm in length. The pure cashmere yield is measured at 47.0-57.05 percent. No major differences in liveweight and milk and meat productivity have been recorded between Zalaajinst-Edren white breed and other cashmere flocks in Mongolia [7].

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