scholarly journals The Food Diversity and Choices of Archachatina Marginata raised in Concrete Trench Pens

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Ebere Julein Okafor Elenwo ◽  
Osarunmwense Precious Otote ◽  
Osazee Ekundayo Izevbuwa
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Food Items ◽  
North East ◽  
Food Diversity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Wire Gauze ◽  
Water Melon

Archachatina marginata is an economically useful gastropod, scientifically proven to be of huge benefit to human’s health and wellbeing. Food varieties of A. marginata hunted from the immediate environment of Ovia North East, South-South, Nigeria, were investigated to select the most appropriate, in terms of preferences and availability. The study was conducted for five months (May to August, 2020) during the rainy season. Ten snails were selected from the wild with weights ranging from 340.21g to 355.32g and heights of 11.8cm to 13.3cm at the point of collection. The snails were housed each, in an escape-proof trench pen, covered with wire gauze and nylon net. They were fed with fourteen different types of food materials (water leaves, paw-paw leaves, sweet potato, white -boiled rice, corn powder, ripe paw-paw fruit, cocoyam leaves, millet powder, water melon, cucumber, formulated poultry mash, pineapple, white paper and cabbage). Water melon was very well consumed by all the snails (1323.30g; 66.17%) compared to other food items. The least consumed food items were millet powder (19.99%) and pineapple (20.28%). There was a marked increase in weight and length of the snails as the months progressed, with average length of 15.01 cm and average weight of 501.58g in August, relative to the initial measurements in May.

scholarly journals Variation in the diet of a small characin according to the riparian zone coverage in an Atlantic Forest stream, northeastern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Emília de Jesus Trindade ◽  
Alexandre Peressin ◽  
Maurício Cetra ◽  
Ricardo Jucá-Chagas
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Food Diversity ◽  
Forest Stream ◽  
Allochthonous Resources

AIM: in this study we present data from the diet of Astyanax vermilion which were used as a tool to compare two sites of streams with different vegetation cover in Ribeirão Limoeiro, Cachoeira River Basin, BA. METHODS: Four samples were taken (March, June, September and December) using electrofishing as the collection method in two contiguous sites of the headwaters: stretch without riparian vegetation and with riparian vegetation. RESULTS: The qualitative composition of the diet was analyzed by the method of frequency of occurrence. The allochthonous resources of vegetal origin made up the bulk of the diet in the stretch without riparian vegetation with a frequency of occurrence of 64%. In the section with riparian vegetation allochthonous resources of animal origin made up the bulk of the diet with a frequency of 62%, which emphasizes the importance of food items from the surrounding environment. The mean Shannon diversity index, calculated from the frequency of occurrence of food items was significantly different (p = 0.04) when comparing reach deforested (H'= 1.44) with reach forested (H'= 1.80). The average weight of stomachs in the deforested reach (WS D = 0.18g) was significantly higher than that of the forested reach (WS F = 0.14g). CONCLUSIONS: in the stretch with riparian vegetation, the food diversity was greater and the fish that are in the riparian stretch do not need as much food to satisfy their physiological needs. These results underscore the importance of the type of riparian vegetation as a food source for fish

scholarly journals Propagation of pariparoba (Piperaceae) by different types of stem cuttings and substrates

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Aurea Portes Ferriani ◽  
Diones Krinski
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Plant Propagation ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
Different Types

Piper cernuum Vell., a native species known as pariparoba, presents essential oil with potential properties and significant growth in clearings, being indicated for the recovery of degraded areas. Prospecting studies for new botanical matrices need the development of specific essays of plant propagation for future domestication of the species. This work aimed to evaluate the rooting of different types of cuttings using different substrates to develop a seedling production protocol. Stem cuttings with one or two nodes were installed on three types of substrates (medium sifted sand, vermiculite of medium granulometry and commercial substrate [Tropstrato HP®]) and maintained in greenhouse for 60 days to evaluation of the percentages of survival, mortality, sprouts, rooting, average number and average length of the roots. The results showed interaction between cutting types and substrates for rooting percentage and sprouting cuttings. The largest rooting percentages were observed in apical cuttings planted in sand and vermiculite (57.0 and 55.25%, respectively). Cuttings with two nodes presented higher performance than those with one node when compared for the analyzed variables. 

scholarly journals Specific features of production of Istobensky variety shallot grown by transplanting method

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-548
Author(s):  
V. M. Motov ◽  
A. V. Denisova ◽  
O. A. Cheglakova ◽  
M. V. Motova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
North East ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Artificial Illumination ◽  
European Part Of Russia

Currently, shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a popular crop, it requires study and development of new varieties. Above all, it needs industrial production technology. The article presents the results of 2015-2019 research on the cultivation of salad shallot by transplanting method in the conditions of the Kirov region (North-East of the European part of Russia). It has been established that growing the Istobensky variety through seedlings allows to get a full-fledged marketable bulb during the growing season. To obtain full-fledged seedlings the seeds are to be sown on the first days of April. The optimal age of seedlings from germination to planting into open ground is 40 days. Depending on the variant, from 1 to 5 pieces of plants were grown in each cell. The control variant had one plant. During artificial illumination, LED lamps with light intensity of 5000-7000 lm were used. The recommended growing period was 20-25 days; the illumination period - 14 hours. Seedlings were grown in a polycarbonate greenhouse during 18-20 days, followed by planting into the open ground. The maximum yield with minimum cost of seeds was obtained by growing three plants in one cell. When grown by the transplanting method, the maximum bulb size of 400 g was obtained in 2016. The studies proved that the maximum yield of 5.8 kg/m2 (+1.6 to the control at LSD05 = 0.7) was obtained when sowing seeds on April, 4. Planting two plants into a hole reduced the average bulb weight by 33%, three – 40; four – 57; and five – 68% compared with the control. The study have shown that shallot of the Istobensky variety is suitable for the transplanting method of growing bulbs from seeds. During one growing period it is possible to get full-fledged bulbs of salad use with an average weight of 100-131 g, with a dry matter content of 2.99%, ascorbic acid – 13.99%, acidity – 0.61%.

scholarly journals Performance and costing of nutrition intervention measures on admitted children in malnutrition treatment center: a case study from Jharkhand, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4048
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Sinha ◽  
Asha Kiran ◽  
Vivek Kashyap ◽  
Praveen Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Medical Complication ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Target Weight ◽  
Intervention Measures

Background: Children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) having medical complications require immediate care at malnutrition treatment centers (MTC). Thus, it becomes important to assess the effect and treatment cost of such children in these facilities. Hence, the present study was done with these aims in two MTCs in Jharkhand, India.Methods: A retrospective record review was done of the children admitted to these two MTCs between 1st April 2017 and 31st March 2018. A predesigned proforma was used to collect child related information. The data collected was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and analysed.Results: Majority of the admitted children (90.6%) were in 6-23 months age group. 358 (51.5%) children were females. Only, 194 (27.9%) children admitted were SAM had any medical complication. 690 (99.3%) children were discharged of whom 499 (72.3%) were discharged after achieving the target weight. The average weight gain during their stay was 8.1±2.4 g/kg/day and average length of stay was 16.7±3.2 days. Post discharge follow up rates were found to be low and only 130 (18.8%) children completed all three follow ups. Average cost per SAM child treated was Rs. 18,599 (US$ 272) and per SAM child cured was Rs. 25,904 (US$ 379).Conclusions: MTCs are effective in managing medically complicated SAM children. However, improvements are necessary to ensure that more such children should be treated at facility level, complimented with a community based programme for managing uncomplicated SAM children to improve coverage and ensure continuum of care.

scholarly journals Preliminary observations on the effect of sudden changes of temperature on survival of young Matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) under laboratory conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Fonsêca Guimarães ◽  
Atílio Storti Filho
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Amazonian Fish ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Preliminary Study

Matrinxã is a very promising amazonian fish for fish culture in Brazil. This study is aimed at determining the approximate tolerated temperature range in this species. Groups of ten young matrinxã specimens (15.1±0.8 cm average length and 58.3±10.3 g average weight) were subjected to 9 different temperatures for 24 hours without previous acclimation. Fish were transferred from an initial temperature of 27ºC to those ranging from 12 to 39ºC at 3ºC intervals. Both 12ºC and 39ºC temperatures were lethal for this species with 100% mortality rate. Following 2 minutes of exposure to 39ºC fish changed behavior, showing an increase in opercular movements and erratic swimming; mortality reached 100% after 18 minutes. At 12ºC, fish lost equilibrium immediately after exposure and started swimming erratically; after only 4 minutes fish became lethargic and remained immobile on the bottom of the tank. Total mortality was only evident following 24 hours. At 15ºC matrinxã lost equilibrium after 5 to 6 minutes of exposure but mortality was only 20% after 24 hours. Fish tolerated well temperatures ranging from 18 to 36ºC with 100% survival after 24 hours. This preliminary study suggests that temperatures between 18 and 36ºC are the approximate range normally tolerated by this species, although survival at other temperatures may be increased by gradually acclimating fish to the more severe increases or decreases in temperature. In addition, it indicates that matrinxã may be cultivated over a wide geographical area.

Vermicompost an Alternative in the Treatment of Organic Solid Waste, in Zones Altoandinas, Tarma, Junin 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 678-687
Author(s):  
Godofredo Román Lobato Calderón ◽  
Pascual Guevara Yanqui ◽  
Miguel Ángel Ramírez Arellano
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Drain Pipe ◽  
Organic Solid Waste ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Organic Solid ◽  
Animal Excreta

In the present investigation, the weight, growth, adaptability and production of humus of a calf foot of Californian red worm (Eisenia foetida) fed with compost (made from animal excreta and organic waste) and organic remains were evaluated. The evaluation was carried out in Tarma, Junín Region. A breeding ground was built with 3.2 m3 cement bricks (6.10 m long  1.05 m wide and 0.50 m high); with a 5 cm thick screed with a 2” PVC drain pipe with a west-east slope, raised by the west side at 15°. A population of 10,000 individuals (10 kilograms) was sown, a sample of 370 individuals was extracted by applying a Simple Random Sampling (MAS) whose average weight and length was 0.3 g and 30 mm. they were fed for 3 months (90 days), the calf was divided into 21 sampling points from which 383 worms were weighed and measured whose average weight and length were 0.38 g and 33.24 mm (3.32 cm). Data were taken every day at 2:00 pm, hydrogen potential (pH) and humidity (soil peach meter), substrate temperature (digital thermometer), ambient temperature (thermohygrometer) were recorded. The average weight of the worms varied from 0.30-0.38 g, the average length varied from 30-33.24 mm. The presence of tiny heels and worms demonstrated their adaptability. The production of humus was 3 tons, the efficiency of the breeding stock was 93.75%. The final substrate had an average of 6.72 pH, 13.61°C temperature, 69.86% humidity and 19.5°C ambient temperature. Consequently, vermicompost is an alternative in the treatment of organic solid waste to be developed in high Andean areas.

scholarly journals Comparative histomorphological study of non affected and affected bile duct and gall bladder by fascioliasis in Black Bengal Goat

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-415
Author(s):  
Md Reazul Islam ◽  
Rashida Khaton ◽  
Md Aktharul Alam ◽  
Md Jalal Uddin Sarder ◽  
Md Najmul Hassan Parvez
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Tissue Proliferation ◽  
Infected Goat ◽  
Black Bengal Goat

The purpose of this study was to comparative histomorphological investigation of the non affected and affected bile duct and gall bladder by fascioliasis in Black Bengal goat. The average weight of affected gall bladder was 26.10±0.70 gm which was significantly (p<0.001) higher than non affected gall bladder (19.40±0.96 gm). The average length and girth of affected gall bladder were 10.30±0.37 cm and 8.24±0.30 cm, respectively which were also significantly (p<0.001) higher than the length (6.10±0.30 cm) and Girth (5.85±0.25 cm) of non-affected gall bladder of Black Bengal Goat. The gross changes in acute form, thickening of the bile ducts and fibrosis in a portal area due to chronic fascioliasis was found in case of affected bile duct but were not found in case of non affected liver. A brownish exudates and a number of mature Fasciola gigantica were found in the lumen. The adult Fasciola gigantica was noticed in cross section in the lumen of the thickened bile ducts. Acute pathological lesions could only be produced by developing flukes prior to their entry to the bile ducts. Microscopically the epithelial layer of the bile ducts were seen to the partially disintegrated, but simultaneous proliferation of epithelial cells occurred. Thickening of the bile ducts was the result of connective tissue proliferation. Deposition of bile pigment in the tissue space and bile duct in some parts showed periductal cellular infiltrations, mainly neutrophiles, lymphocyte and eosinophiles. No calcification in the wall of the bile ducts in chronic Fascioliasis in goat could be seen in this study. The gall bladder was very dark usually contained blood clots, the consistency of bile was also very dense. Microcopically hyperplasia of the tubuloalveolar glands and numerous eggs were seen in the bile of infected goat which were absence in case of non infected goat. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2018, 4(4): 406-415

scholarly journals Gluttony Causes Death in Juvenile Puff Adder Bitis arietans

Koedoe ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.V. Haagner
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Museum Collection ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Game Reserve

Little is known about the predator/prey relationship in reptiles. The puff adder Bitis arietans is known to feed on a variety of food items, their diet consisting mainly of rodents, while birds, lizards and toads may be included (Broadley 1983, FitzSimons' Snakes of Southern Africa, Johannesburg: Delta Books). Pitman (1974, The Snakes of Uganda, Glasgow: Wheldon and Wesley) recorded larger prey for puff adders in East Africa, while Robertson, Chapman & Chapman (1965, Puku 3: 149-170) reported on the diet of puff adders in Tanzania and Zambia, respectively. A gravid puff adder was collected in the Manyeleti Game Reserve in the Mhala district (24@38'S, 31@28'E) of Gazankulu. On 12 February 1986 she gave birth to 28 young. The average length of the fry was 219,12 mm (S.D. 9,72 mm) and their average mass 15, 72 g (S.D. 0,67 g). The young were separated from the mother and placed in another cage. The first ecdysis was com- pleted within 24 hours. After 10 days some newly weaned mice were placed in the cage. On subsequent inspection, it was found that a young snake gorged itself to death. The young puff adder contained three young mice with a total mass of 13,8 g, while the post-mortem mass of the snake was 14,2 g. Having swallowed 97,2 of its own body weight, the snake evidently died of suffocation. The specimen was preserved and is now part of the Transvaal Museum collection in Pretoria (TM 64088).

scholarly journals Performance and carcass quality of Czech Fleckvieh, Charolais and Charolais × Czech Fleckvieh bulls fed diets based on different types of silages

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bartoň ◽  
V. Kudrna ◽  
D. Bureš ◽  
R. Zahrádková ◽  
V. Teslík
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Entire Experiment

A total of thirty-four Czech Fleckvieh (CF), Charolais (CH) and Charolais × Czech Fleckvieh (CH × CF) bulls with an average weight of 284 kg were included in the experiment and fed ad libitum two mixed diets: MS (based on maize silage) and LCS (based on legume-cereal and lucerne silages) with different concentrations of dietary energy until slaughter at the target live weight of 600 kg. The CF bulls consumed more dry matter (DM) of feed daily than the CH bulls (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and gained weight less efficiently than the CH × CF and CH animals (<i>P</i> < 0.01) during the entire experiment. The killing-out percentage was lower in the CF than in the CH × CF and CH (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The CH bulls received a higher score for carcass conformation and a lower score for carcass fatness (<i>P</i> < 0.01) than the CF bulls, had lower proportions of kidney and cod fat (<i>P</i> < 0.01) than the CH × CF and CF bulls, and produced the highest percentage of high-priced meat (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and the lowest percentage of separable fat (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The bulls on the MS diet were younger than the others at the end of the experiment (<i>P</i> < 0.01), gained weight more rapidly (<i>P</i> < 0.001), consumed less DM (<i>P</i> < 0.001) daily, utilized nutrients more efficiently over the entire experimental period (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and had a higher proportion of internal fat than the LCS bulls. It can be concluded that purebred CH bulls were superior to the other breed groups in most of the traits observed. The intensive diet based on maize silage increased average daily gains, reduced the time needed to achieve the target slaughter weight, and improved the feed efficiency of bulls.

Post-harvest evaluation of nitrogen fertigated sweet peppers under drip irrigation and plastic mulch

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Megh R. Goyal ◽  
Rubén Guadalupe-Luna ◽  
Evangelina R. De Hernández ◽  
Carmela Chao de Báez
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Parameter Values

Sweet peppers (var. Cubanelle) graded for width, length and weight were evaluated after three fertigation treatments (T1 = 150, T2 = 300 and T3 = 500 Kg of N/ha), 500 Kg of N/ha side-dressed (T4), no fertilizer (T5), plastic mulching (P) and no mulching (NP). Nitrogen source was urea. The relationships of average width and average weight versus days after transplanting were sigmoidal. A linear relationship was found between average length versus days after transplanting. More than 50% of peppers were within size classes 1 to 4 ; fewer than 40% were in the size classes 5 to 9. During the growing cycle, mean numbers of peppers and weight per pepper in each size class were not statistically different (P = 0.05) among main treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5). In size classes 1 to 9, there were significantly more peppers (P = 0.05) in P plots than in NP plots. Fruit parameter values decreased with successive picking and were significantly lower (P = 0.05) in the 5th picking and were higher in the P plots than in the NP plots (P = 0.05). Fertilization and fertigation resulted in higher values than non-fertilization.

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