scholarly journals Quality Optimization by Evaluating Physico-Mechanical Properties of Industrial Acid Wash, Cool Dyeing and Dip Dyeing Processes on Knitted Garment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Color Fastness ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Bursting Strength ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Acid Washing ◽  
Acid Wash ◽  
Fabric Weight ◽  
Finishing Processes

Industrial garment washing and garment dyeing are currently taking over fashion trends. At present, these processes are not only confined to woven garments but also applied over knitted garments. Nevertheless, prolonged washing time, use of different chemicals during the washing and dyeing procedure affects the physical and mechanical performance of the garment. This is ultimately affecting the quality of the finished garments and resulting in more fabric wastage during these treatments. In this study, industrial garment finishing processes like Acid wash, Cool Dyeing, Dip Dyeing process were applied on 100% Cotton Slub Single Jersey (160 GSM) knitted T-Shirt. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of industrial Acid washing and cool-dip dyeing on physico-mechanical properties of knitted garments. To evaluate the washing and dyeing effects, changes in fabric weight, changes in dimension, bursting strength, dry and wet rubbing fastness, color fastness to perspiration, pilling and washing tests were performed. Experimental data showed that GSM increased for Acid washed garment but dimension change, color fastness to washing, rubbing, bursting strength and perspiration decreases significantly in comparison with Cool and Dip dyeing.

Effect of Various Chemical Treatments on Handling of Wool Fabric

2015 ◽  
Vol 671 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Masukuni Mori
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
Fabric Handle ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
Fabric Weight ◽  
Finishing Processes ◽  
Twist Number

It is well known that fabric handle is controllable by controlling and adjusting mechanical properties of the fabric. The handling of fabrics, on one hand, is mostly decided by the structure of the fabric, i.e. quality of yarn, yarn count, twist number, density of warp and weft, fabric weight and weave design. Such a fabric structure is represented in terms of Cover Factor. On the other hand, the handling of fabrics can also be changed through the mechanical properties by dyeing and finishing processes after weaving. The present work investigated how much influence is exerted on wool fabric by 11 sorts of chemicals generally used in dyeing and finishing processes, and how much change is exerted on the handle of processed fabrics. The experimental results were compared with the original fabric with no treatment in terms of mechanical properties relevant to KES. It was confirmed that the fabric handle greatly depended on fabric structure. Besides, the differences in the degree of damage and the hydrophilicity of wool fiber arisen from the treatments using chemicals were examined. The effect of chemicals used in dyeing and finishing processes was also investigated on the environment. Keywords: Wool, Chemical treatment, Fabric handle, KES, Environment.

scholarly journals Effects of Dyeing Process on the Change in Color, Microstructural Characteristics and Physico-Mechanical Properties of Hoa Ca Crocodile Skin 

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Unique Structure ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Surface Patterns ◽  
Finishing Processes ◽  
Different Parts

In recent years, the crocodile has been farmed and produced many commercial products, especially in the South of Vietnam. Crocodile skin is one of the highest value skins to compare to other types due to its unique structure and texture in different parts of the skin. Crocodile skin has often been tanned to prevent putrefaction, then dyed and finished to improve the practicability of leather products. In this study, the authors have assessed the change in color, surface patterns, microstructures and physico-mechanical properties of the different parts of the 2 years old Hoa Ca crocodile skin before and after dyeing and finishing processes. This paper could be a valuable scientific document on the dyeing and finishing of crocodile leather for the other leather making workshops applying to the crocodile leather production.

scholarly journals Scope of Dry Wood and Wood Composite Alternate to Stone in Case of Acid Wash on Denim Fabric

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Saiful Hoque ◽  
Md. Jakir Hossain ◽  
Md. Arefin Imtiaz ◽  
Shimul Das ◽  
Muhammad Abdur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Composite ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Acid Washing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Color Fading ◽  
Denim Fabric ◽  
Acid Wash ◽  
Almost All

For the betterment of comfort ability, to impart decent fading effect and to make more exquisite, denim fabric is examined with different washing techniques. Usually, Acid wash is used to fade the color of denim to a higher degree and therefore this wash has a significant effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the denim. In this paper, we worked on to find out the comparison among stone, waste wood and wood composite in case of acid wash on denim fabric dyed with indigo dye. Denim garments were processed using some parameters such as temperature 30 °C, time 30 min as well as acid concentration (H3PO4) 1 ml/L, (KMnO4) 4 gm/l. This study was focused on the physical and mechanical properties like strength, weight loss, shrinkage, EPI and PPI, absorbency, color fading, GSM, wash, rubbing and perspiration fastness test and monitored the comparison of each treated and untreated fabric samples. It was noticeable that, a significant difference was found in case of Waste wood washed and wood composite washed garments in almost all properties than stone washed garments but the desired fading effects were achieved by acid washing with wood composite on denim fabric.

Weldability - Behavior of Welded Reinforcement

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3469-3472
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Ultimate Limit

Weldability involves two aspects: welding behavior of components and safety in operation. The two aspects will be reduced to the mechanical characteristics of the elements and to the chemical composition. In the case of steel reinforcing rebar’s, it is reduces to the percentage of Cech(carbon equivalent) and to the mechanical characteristics: the yielding limit, the ultimate limit, and the elongations which after that represent the ductility class in which the re-bars is framed. The paper will present some types of steel reinforcing rebar’s with its mechanical characteristics and the welding behavior of those elements. In the current work, process-related behavior of welded reinforcement, joint local and global mechanical properties, and their correlation with behavior of normal reinforcement and also the mechanical performance resulted in this type of joints. Keywords: welding behavior, ultimate limit, reinforcing rebar’s

scholarly journals Preparation of Long Sisal Fiber-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Biocomposites with Highly Improved Mechanical Performance

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Zhifang Liang ◽  
Hongwu Wu ◽  
Ruipu Liu ◽  
Caiquan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tensile Elongation ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
Extension Direction

Green biodegradable plastics have come into focus as an alternative to restricted plastic products. In this paper, continuous long sisal fiber (SF)/polylactic acid (PLA) premixes were prepared by an extrusion-rolling blending process, and then unidirectional continuous long sisal fiber-reinforced PLA composites (LSFCs) were prepared by compression molding to explore the effect of long fiber on the mechanical properties of sisal fiber-reinforced composites. As a comparison, random short sisal fiber-reinforced PLA composites (SSFCs) were prepared by open milling and molding. The experimental results show that continuous long sisal fiber/PLA premixes could be successfully obtained from this pre-blending process. It was found that the presence of long sisal fibers could greatly improve the tensile strength of LSFC material along the fiber extension direction and slightly increase its tensile elongation. Continuous long fibers in LSFCs could greatly participate in supporting the load applied to the composite material. However, when comparing the mechanical properties of the two composite materials, the poor compatibility between the fiber and the matrix made fiber’s reinforcement effect not well reflected in SSFCs. Similarly, the flexural performance and impact performance of LSFCs had been improved considerably versus SSFCs.

scholarly journals Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Multicomponent CrVTiNbZr(N) Coatings

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Yin-Yu Chang ◽  
Cheng-Hsi Chung
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
High Entropy Alloy ◽  
Composition Gradient ◽  
Multilayered Structures ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Alloy Target

Multi-element material coating systems have received much attention for improving the mechanical performance in industry. However, they are still focused on ternary systems and seldom beyond quaternary ones. High entropy alloy (HEA) bulk material and thin films are systems that are each comprised of at least five principal metal elements in equally matched proportions, and some of them are found possessing much higher strength than traditional alloys. In this study, CrVTiNbZr high entropy alloy and nitrogen contained CrVTiNbZr(N) nitride coatings were synthesized using high ionization cathodic-arc deposition. A chromium-vanadium alloy target, a titanium-niobium alloy target and a pure zirconium target were used for the deposition. By controlling the nitrogen content and cathode current, the CrNbTiVZr(N) coating with gradient or multilayered composition control possessed different microstructures and mechanical properties. The effect of the nitrogen content on the chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of the CrVTiNbZr(N) coatings was investigated. Compact columnar microstructure was obtained for the synthesized CrVTiNbZr(N) coatings. The CrVTiNbZrN coating (HEAN-N165), which was deposited with nitrogen flow rate of 165 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm), exhibited slightly blurred columnar and multilayered structures containing CrVN, TiNbN and ZrN. The design of multilayered CrVTiNbZrN coatings showed good adhesion strength. Improvement of adhesion strength was obtained with composition-gradient interlayers. The CrVTiNbZrN coating with nitrogen content higher than 50 at.% possessed the highest hardness (25.2 GPa) and the resistance to plastic deformation H3/E*2 (0.2 GPa) value, and therefore the lowest wear rate was obtained because of high abrasion wear resistance.

Experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of glass fiber/high fluidity polyamide-based composites for automotive market

2021 ◽  
pp. 073168442110140
Author(s):  
Hossein Ramezani-Dana ◽  
Moussa Gomina ◽  
Joël Bréard ◽  
Gilles Orange
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ultimate Strain ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Automotive Market ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforcement

In this work, we examine the relationships between the microstructure and the mechanical properties of glass fiber–reinforced polyamide 6,6 composite materials ( V f = 54%). These materials made by thermocompression incorporate different grades of high fluidity polyamide-based polymers and two types of quasi-UD glass fiber reinforcement. One is a classic commercial fabric, while the other specially designed and manufactured incorporates weaker tex glass yarns (the spacer) to increase the planar permeability of the preform. The effects of the viscosity of the polymers and their composition on the wettability of the reinforcements were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy observations of the microstructure. The respective influences of the polymers and the spacer on the mechanical performance were determined by uniaxial tensile and compression tests in the directions parallel and transverse to the warp yarns. Not only does the spacer enhance permeability but it also improves physical and mechanical properties: tensile longitudinal Young’s modulus increased from 38.2 GPa to 42.9 GPa (13% growth), tensile strength increased from 618.9 MPa to 697 MPa (3% growth), and decrease in ultimate strain from 1.8% to 1.7% (5% reduction). The correlation of these results with the damage observed post mortem confirms those acquired from analyses of the microstructure of composites and the rheological behaviors of polymers.

scholarly journals Effects of a Twin-Screw Extruder Equipped with a Molten Resin Reservoir on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Recycled Waste Plastic Polyethylene Pellet Moldings

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1058
Author(s):  
Hikaru Okubo ◽  
Haruka Kaneyasu ◽  
Tetsuya Kimura ◽  
Patchiya Phanthong ◽  
Shigeru Yao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Twin Screw Extruder ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Polymer Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Recycled Plastics

Each year, increasing amounts of plastic waste are generated, causing environmental pollution and resource loss. Recycling is a solution, but recycled plastics often have inferior mechanical properties to virgin plastics. However, studies have shown that holding polymers in the melt state before extrusion can restore the mechanical properties; thus, we propose a twin-screw extruder with a molten resin reservoir (MSR), a cavity between the screw zone and twin-screw extruder discharge, which retains molten polymer after mixing in the twin-screw zone, thus influencing the polymer properties. Re-extruded recycled polyethylene (RPE) pellets were produced, and the tensile properties and microstructure of virgin polyethylene (PE), unextruded RPE, and re-extruded RPE moldings prepared with and without the MSR were evaluated. Crucially, the elongation at break of the MSR-extruded RPE molding was seven times higher than that of the original RPE molding, and the Young’s modulus of the MSR-extruded RPE molding was comparable to that of the virgin PE molding. Both the MSR-extruded RPE and virgin PE moldings contained similar striped lamellae. Thus, MSR re-extrusion improved the mechanical performance of recycled polymers by optimizing the microstructure. The use of MSRs will facilitate the reuse of waste plastics as value-added materials having a wide range of industrial applications.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of Resistance Spot Welded Martensitic Advanced High Strength Steel

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Yunzhao Li ◽  
Huaping Tang ◽  
Ruilin Lai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Weld Nugget ◽  
Resistance Spot ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Cross Tension ◽  
Spot Welded

Resistance spot welded 1.2 mm (t)-thick 1400 MPa martensitic steel (MS1400) samples are fabricated and their microstructure, mechanical properties are investigated thoroughly. The mechanical performance and failure modes exhibit a strong dependence on weld-nugget size. The pull-out failure mode for MS1400 steel resistance spot welds does not follow the conventional weld-nugget size recommendation criteria of 4t0.5. Significant softening was observed due to dual phase microstructure of ferrite and martensite in the inter-critical heat affected zone (HAZ) and tempered martensite (TM) structure in sub-critical HAZ. However, the upper-critical HAZ exhibits obvious higher hardness than the nugget zone (NZ). In addition, the mechanical properties show that the cross-tension strength (CTS) is about one quarter of the tension-shear strength (TSS) of MS1400 weld joints, whilst the absorbed energy of cross-tension and tension-shear are almost identical.

scholarly journals Functional Bionanocomposite Fibers of Chitosan Filled with Cellulose Nanofibers Obtained by Gel Spinning

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1563
Author(s):  
Sofia Marquez-Bravo ◽  
Ingo Doench ◽  
Pamela Molina ◽  
Flor Estefany Bentley ◽  
Arnaud Kamdem Tamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Composite Fibers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gel Spinning ◽  
X Ray

Extremely high mechanical performance spun bionanocomposite fibers of chitosan (CHI), and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were successfully achieved by gel spinning of CHI aqueous viscous formulations filled with CNFs. The microstructural characterization of the fibers by X-ray diffraction revealed the crystallization of the CHI polymer chains into anhydrous chitosan allomorph. The spinning process combining acidic–basic–neutralization–stretching–drying steps allowed obtaining CHI/CNF composite fibers of high crystallinity, with enhanced effect at incorporating the CNFs. Chitosan crystallization seems to be promoted by the presence of cellulose nanofibers, serving as nucleation sites for the growing of CHI crystals. Moreover, the preferential orientation of both CNFs and CHI crystals along the spun fiber direction was revealed in the two-dimensional X-ray diffraction patterns. By increasing the CNF amount up to the optimum concentration of 0.4 wt % in the viscous CHI/CNF collodion, Young’s modulus of the spun fibers significantly increased up to 8 GPa. Similarly, the stress at break and the yield stress drastically increased from 115 to 163 MPa, and from 67 to 119 MPa, respectively, by adding only 0.4 wt % of CNFs into a collodion solution containing 4 wt % of chitosan. The toughness of the CHI-based fibers thereby increased from 5 to 9 MJ.m−3. For higher CNFs contents like 0.5 wt %, the high mechanical performance of the CHI/CNF composite fibers was still observed, but with a slight worsening of the mechanical parameters, which may be related to a minor disruption of the CHI matrix hydrogel network constituting the collodion and gel fiber, as precursor state for the dry fiber formation. Finally, the rheological behavior observed for the different CHI/CNF viscous collodions and the obtained structural, thermal and mechanical properties results revealed an optimum matrix/filler compatibility and interface when adding 0.4 wt % of nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) into 4 wt % CHI formulations, yielding functional bionanocomposite fibers of outstanding mechanical properties.

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