Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete with Flyash and Metakaolin

Trials has been made to produce efficient GPC which gives maximum strength. By-Products from industries such as Fly-Ash, Metakaolin and GGBS can be used in concrete replacement which in-turn reduces carbon-di-oxide (CO2 ) emission affecting to green house. Using the above said products also leads to reduction of water demand in concrete and also shows comparatively no effects on long term effects in concrete, these by-products can effectively be used in concrete production. The high silica content in Fly-Ash and Metakaolin increases the bonding in concrete which in-turn increases the mechanical properties of concrete. Geopolymer concrete of M50 grade was proposed to be produced using fly-ash and Metakaolin instead of cement.Alklai solutions Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), Sodium Silicate (Na2SiO3) were replaced with water for better bonding and mixing. Molarity of Sodium Hydroxide with 10M and 12M was considered for this study. Ratio of Alkaline solution were considered as 1:2,1:2.5&1:3 to determine the optimum ratio which gives effective strength. In this experimental study, tests were carried on concrete specimens with percentage replacement of Fly-Ash with Buff Metakaolin in variable percentages of 20,40,60,80&100. Mechanical properties of concrete specimens were studied and were compared with control mix results.

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Use of waste paper ash or wood ash as substitution to fly ash in production of geopolymer concrete

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska ◽

10.22630/pniks.2021.30.3.39 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 464-476

Author(s):

Haider Owaid ◽

Haider Al-Baghdadi ◽

Muna Al-Rubaye

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Wood Ash ◽

Splitting Tensile Strength ◽

Waste Paper ◽

Geopolymer Concrete

Large quantities of paper and wood waste are generated every day, the disposal of these waste products is a problem because it requires huge space for their disposal. The possibility of using these wastes can mitigate the environmental problems related to them. This study presents an investigation on the feasibility of inclusion of waste paper ash (WPA) or wood ash (WA) as replacement materials for fly ash (FA) class F in preparation geopolymer concrete (GC). The developed geopolymer concretes for this study were prepared at replacement ratios of FA by WPA or WA of 25, 50, 75 and 100% in addition to a control mix containing 100% of FA. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) are used as alkaline activators with 1M and 10M of sodium hydroxide solution.The geopolymer concretes have been evaluated with respect to the workability, the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in the workability of the control GC mix and the developed GC mixes incorporating WPA or WA. Also, the results showed that, by incorporating of 25–50% PWA or 25% WA, the mechanical properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength) of GC mixes slightly decreased. While replacement with 75–100% WPA or with 50–100% WA has reduced these mechanical properties of GC mixes. As a result, there is a feasibility of partial replacement of FA by up to 50% WPA or 25% WA in preparation of the geopolymer concrete.

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Mechanical properties of alkali activated geopolymer paste using different Romanian fly ash sources – experimental results

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201928911001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 289 ◽

pp. 11001 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Adrian Lăzărescu ◽

Călin Mircea ◽

Henriette Szilagyi ◽

Cornelia Baeră

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Production Control ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Activation Process ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Alkaline Activation ◽

Concrete Production ◽

Specific Reactions ◽

Alkali Activated

As concrete demand is constantly increasing in recent years and also considering that cement production is both a consumer of natural resources and a source of carbon dioxide release into the atmosphere, there have been worldwide investigations into green alternatives for making concrete environmentally friendlier and simultaneously to satisfy the development of infrastructure facilities. The use of fly ash as a component of cementitious binders is not new but when considering the specific case of alkaline activation and fly ash representing the only source for the binder formation, it necessitates a more complete understanding of its specific reactions during the alkaline activation process. Since the fly ash varies dramatically, not only from one source to another, but also from one batch to another even when provided by the same power plant, its chemistry in obtaining alkali-activated materials during the geopolymerisation process and the final mechanical properties are considered crucial for the performance of geopolymer concrete. This paper will provide a review of the experimental results concerning the physical and mechanical evaluation of the alkali-activated fly ash-based geopolymer materials, developed with different types of fly ash, for a better understanding of geopolymer concrete production control.

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Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete Compared to Conventional Concrete

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings11050178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 178

Author(s):

Nikolaos Nikoloutsopoulos ◽

Anastasia Sotiropoulou ◽

Glikeria Kakali ◽

Sotirios Tsivilis

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Conventional Concrete ◽

Environmental Criteria ◽

Eurocode 2 ◽

Wide Range ◽

Different Content ◽

By Products

The potential of applying geopolymerization to a wide range of solid industrial waste and by-products is of great interest. In this research, the physical and mechanical properties of fly ash (FA)-based geopolymer concrete (GC), compared to those of cement concrete (CC), were studied. Three GCs with different content of FA and three appropriate CCs were designed, prepared, tested and evaluated. The results were compared with the requirements of Standards EN 206-1 and EN 1992-1-1. It was shown that in some cases minor adjustments of the regulations are needed, while in other cases complete revision is required. GC indicated competitive compressive strength compared to CC, tensile strength within the limits specified by Eurocode 2 for CC and modulus of elasticity about 50% less than that of CC. The ratio of binder (FA) to aggregates seems to have a significant effect on the properties of GC. The concrete with 750 kg/m3 FA seems to be the best choice taking into consideration both engineering and environmental criteria.

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Investigating Various Factors Affecting the Long-Term Compressive Strength of Heat-Cured Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete and the Use of Orthogonal Experimental Design Method

International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials ◽

10.1186/s40069-019-0375-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hongen Zhang ◽

Lang Li ◽

Prabir Kumar Sarker ◽

Tao Long ◽

Xiaoshuang Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽

Strength Increase ◽

Geopolymer Concrete

AbstractThis work quantified the hierarchy of the influence of three common mixture design parameters on the compressive strength and the rate of strength increase over the long term of low-calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete (FAGC) through designing 16 mixtures by the orthogonal experimental design (OED) method. The parameters used in the study were liquid to fly ash (L/FA) ratio, sodium hydroxide concentration (SHC) and sodium silicate solution to sodium hydroxide solution (SS/SH) ratio. The L/FA ratio showed little effect on compressive strength when it was varied from 0.40 to 0.52. SHC showed the greatest influence on compressive strength with little impact on the rate of strength increase after the initial heat curing. Even though the SS/SH ratio showed a small effect on the initial compressive strength, it had a considerable influence on the rate of strength increase over the long term. It was found that the compressive strength at 480 days was positively related to the Na2O/SiO2 molar ratio when it was varied from 0.49 to 0.80 and the Si/Al molar ratio was increased up to 1.87. Analysis of the failure types of specimens demonstrated that compressive strength of FAGC was associated with the strength of the mortar–aggregate interface zone (MAIZ).

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Behavior of Geo-Polymer Concrete by using Fly Ash and GGBS

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.d9017.118419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 12245-12250

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Polymer Concrete ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Ambient Room Temperature ◽

Class F Fly Ash ◽

Test Outcomes

Today the Serious issue, the world is confronting is the ecological contamination. In the development business primarily the generation of Portland concrete will causes the emanation of toxins which brings about high ecological contamination. But as we all known that Cement is the most consumed product in the world.And, 7% of the global carbon dioxide is going to be emitted by this process. Thus, we can diminish the contamination impact on condition, by expanding the utilization of modern side-effects in our development industry. Subsequently, Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is a unique kind of more eco-friendlier solid option in contrast to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete. The main aim of this project is to study of effect of class F fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) of geopolymer concrete (GPC) mechanical properties at different replacement levels (MIX-1: FA100%-GGBS0%,MIX-2: FA75%-GGBS25%, MIX-3: FA50%-GGBS50%, MIX-4: FA25%-GGBS75%,MIX-5: FA0%-GGBS100%) utilizing Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) arrangements as an antacid activators.By considering diverse molaritys of sodium hydroxide asan alkaline activators.By considering different molaritys of sodium hydroxide as 0M,5M & 10M.And the Specimens were casted and cured for different curing periods at ambient room temperature to decide the GPC mechanical properties viz. compressive, split tractable and flexural quality. Test outcomes shows that so an expansion in GGBS substitution it will improve the mechanical properties of GPC at all ages at surrounding room temperature.

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Assessment of the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete Comprising Fly Ash and Fluid Catalytic Cracking Residue as Aluminosilicate Precursor

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11073032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 3032

Author(s):

Tuan Anh Le ◽

Sinh Hoang Le ◽

Thuy Ninh Nguyen ◽

Khoa Tan Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Elastic Modulus ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Catalytic Cracking ◽

Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽

High Alumina ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Sem Images

The use of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) by-products as aluminosilicate precursors in geopolymer binders has attracted significant interest from researchers in recent years owing to their high alumina and silica contents. Introduced in this study is the use of geopolymer concrete comprising FCC residue combined with fly ash as the requisite source of aluminosilicate. Fly ash was replaced with various FCC residue contents ranging from 0–100% by mass of binder. Results from standard testing methods showed that geopolymer concrete rheological properties such as yield stress and plastic viscosity as well as mechanical properties including compressive strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus were affected significantly by the FCC residue content. With alkali liquid to geopolymer solid ratios (AL:GS) of 0.4 and 0.5, a reduction in compressive and flexural strength was observed in the case of geopolymer concrete with increasing FCC residue content. On the contrary, geopolymer concrete with increasing FCC residue content exhibited improved strength with an AL:GS ratio of 0.65. Relationships enabling estimation of geopolymer elastic modulus based on compressive strength were investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed that the final product from the geopolymerization process consisting of FCC residue was similar to fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. These observations highlight the potential of FCC residue as an aluminosilicate source for geopolymer products.

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Effect of Elevated Temperature on Mechanical Properties of High-Volume Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete, Mortar and Paste Cured at Room Temperature

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13091473 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1473

Author(s):

Jun Zhao ◽

Kang Wang ◽

Shuaibin Wang ◽

Zike Wang ◽

Zhaohui Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Elevated Temperature ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Residual Strength ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

High Volume ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Ordinary Concrete ◽

Exposure Temperature

This paper presents results from experimental work on mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete, mortar and paste prepared using fly ash and blended slag. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength tests were conducted on large sets of geopolymer and ordinary concrete, mortar and paste after exposure to elevated temperatures. From Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) test results, the geopolymer exhibits excellent resistance to elevated temperature. Compressive strengths of C30, C40 and C50 geopolymer concrete, mortar and paste show incremental improvement then followed by a gradual reduction, and finally reach a relatively consistent value with an increase in exposure temperature. The higher slag content in the geopolymer reduces residual strength and the lower exposure temperature corresponding to peak residual strength. Resistance to elevated temperature of C40 geopolymer concrete, mortar and paste is better than that of ordinary concrete, mortar and paste at the same grade. XRD, TGA and SEM analysis suggests that the heat resistance of C–S–H produced using slag is lower than that of sulphoaluminate gel (quartz and mullite, etc.) produced using fly ash. This facilitates degradation of C30, C40 and C50 geopolymer after exposure to elevated temperatures.

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ambiently-Cured Blended Coal Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.857.400 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 857 ◽

pp. 400-404

Author(s):

Tian Yu Xie ◽

Togay Ozbakkaloglu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Experimental Study ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Coal Ash ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Blended Coal ◽

Microstructure And Mechanical Properties

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the behavior of fly ash-, bottom ash-, and blended fly and bottom ash-based geopolymer concrete (GPC) cured at ambient temperature. Four bathes of GPC were manufactured to investigate the influence of the fly ash-to-bottom ash mass ratio on the microstructure, compressive strength and elastic modulus of GPC. All the results indicate that the mass ratio of fly ash-to-bottom ash significantly affects the microstructure and mechanical properties of GPCs

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Process Design for a Production of Sustainable Materials from Post-Production Clay

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14040953 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 953

Author(s):

Michał Łach ◽

Reda A. Gado ◽

Joanna Marczyk ◽

Celina Ziejewska ◽

Neslihan Doğan-Sağlamtimur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Waste Production ◽

Sustainable Materials ◽

Post Production ◽

Rich Material ◽

Jurassic Limestone ◽

By Products ◽

Alkali Activated

Alkali activated cement (AAC) can be manufactured from industrial by-products to achieve goals of “zero-waste” production. We discuss in detail the AAC production process from (waste) post-production clay, which serves as the calcium-rich material. The effect of different parameters on the changes in properties of the final product, including morphology, phase formation, compressive strength, resistance to the high temperature, and long-term curing is presented. The drying and grinding of clay are required, even if both processes are energy-intensive; the reduction of particle size and the increase of specific surface area is crucial. Furthermore, calcination at 750 °C ensure approximately 20% higher compressive strength of final AAC in comparison to calcination performed at 700 °C. It resulted from the different ratio of phases: Calcite, mullite, quartz, gehlenite, and wollastonite in the final AAC. The type of activators (NaOH, NaOH:KOH mixtures, KOH) affected AAC mechanical properties, significantly. Sodium activators enabled obtaining higher values of strength. However, if KOH is required, the supplementation of initial materials with fly ash or metakaolin could improve the mechanical properties and durability of AAC, even c.a. 28%. The presented results confirm the possibility of recycling post-production clay from the Raciszyn II Jurassic limestone deposit.

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Alternative Concrete – Geopolymer Concrete

10.21741/9781644901533 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Construction Industry ◽

Building Material ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Sustainable Solutions ◽

New Construction ◽

Alkali Activated

Concrete is the most versatile, durable and reliable material and is the most used building material. It requires large amounts of Portland cement which has environmental problems associated with its production. Hence, an alternative concrete – geopolymer concrete is needed. The general aim of this book is to make significant contributions in understanding and deciphering the mechanisms of the realization of the alkali-activated fly ash-based geopolymer concrete and, at the same time, to present the main characteristics of the materials, components, as well as the influence that they have on the performance of the mechanical properties of the concrete. The book deals with in-depth research of the potential recovery of fly ash and using it as a raw material for the development of new construction materials, offering sustainable solutions to the construction industry.

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