scholarly journals Genetic (SSRs) versus morphological differentiation of date palm cultivars: Fst versus Pst estimates

Caryologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Saboori ◽  
Masoud Sheidai ◽  
Zahra Noourmohammadi ◽  
Seyed Samih Marashi ◽  
Fahimeh Koohdar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ssr Loci

Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest domesticated fruit trees. For future breeding program, knowledge on genetic structure of cultivars is necessary. Therefore, the present study was performed with the following aims: 1- To provide data on genetic diversity and genetic structure of 36 date palm cultivars, 2- To provide data on the association between fruit characteristics and the genetic features of the cultivars. We used nine SSRs and EST-SSR loci for our genetic investigation. The most of SSR loci obtained have a high Gst value (0.70), and therefore have a good discrimination power for date palm cultivar differentiation task. K-Means clustering grouped date palm cultivars either in two broad clusters, or in 16 smaller genetic groups. This was supported by delta K = 2 of the STRUCTURE analysis. AMOVA produced significant genetic difference among date palm cultivars (PhiPT = 0.70, P = 0.001). New genetic differentiation parameters estimated also produced significant difference among date palm cultivars (G’st(Nei) = 0.673, P =0.001; G’st(Hed) = 0.738, P = 0.001). Test of assignment revealed that some of the cultivars have 33-66% misassignment, probably due to genetic admixture. Heatmaps of  genetic versus morphological/or agronomical characters in date palm cultivars differed from each other showing the cultivars morphological changes is not merely related to their genetic content. It points toward the potential role played either by environmental conditions or local selection practice. The new findings can be utilized in future conservation and breeding of date palms in the country.

scholarly journals The genetic structure of Pandalus borealis in the Northeast Atlantic determined by RAPD analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 840-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iciar Martinez ◽  
Michaela Aschan ◽  
Taran Skjerdal ◽  
Salah M. Aljanabi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Arbitrary Primers ◽  
Pandalus Borealis ◽  
Northeast Atlantic ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract The genetic structure of shrimp (Pandalus borealis) in the Northeast Atlantic was examined by RAPD analysis on specimens caught at eight stations in the Barents Sea, three off Svalbard, two off Jan Mayen, and in two northern Norwegian fjords (19 < n > 31 per station). A total of 34 polymorphic markers generated by seven 10-mer arbitrary primers was used to assess the genetic population structure using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). There was considerable RAPD diversity (>90%) among shrimp at all stations. The two Norwegian fjords and the Jan Mayen stations were different from all the others, and the Jan Mayen stations also differed from each other. More than 98% of the genetic variation between Barents Sea and Svalbard was ascribed to individual diversity, and there was no significant difference between the two areas, although there seemed to be a subpopulation structure in the Barents Sea. Principal component analysis on the frequency of each RAPD marker on each sampled station confirmed the presence of three populations: Barents Sea and Svalbard, northern Norwegian fjords, and Jan Mayen. We postulate that the large genetic variability found at an individual level may provide the total population with a diverse genetic pool from which traits can be selected to respond to variations in local environmental conditions, and that this local selection may be the cause of the subpopulation structure observed.

scholarly journals Morphological Changes of the Hip Commonly Associated With Femoroacetabular Impingement Are Not Correlated With Rotational Range of Hip Motion in Elite Soccer Athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812097366
Author(s):  
André Orlandi Bento ◽  
Guilherme Falótico ◽  
Keelan Enseki ◽  
Ronaldo Alves Cunha ◽  
Benno Ejnisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoroacetabular Impingement ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Rotational Movement ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Morphological changes characteristic of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) are common in soccer players. However, the clinical relevance of such anatomical variations is still not well-defined. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that high alpha angle values and/or acetabular retroversion index (ARI) are correlated with rotational range of motion (ROM) of the hip and that there are clinical-radiological diferences between the dominant lower limb (DLL) and nondominant lower limb (NDLL) in professional soccer players. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 59 male professional soccer players (average age 25.5 years, range 18-38 years) were evaluated in the preseason. As main outcome measures, we evaluated the alpha angle and the ARI and hip IR and ER ROM with radiographic analysis. Results: The measurements taken on DLL and NDLL were compared and a significant difference was found between the sides in the ER ( P = 0.027), where the DLL measures were 1.54° (95% CI, 0.18-2.89) greater than the NDLL. There were no significant differences between the sides in the measures of IR ( P > 0.99), total ROM ( P = 0.07), alpha angle ( P = 0.250), and ARI ( P = 0.079). The correlations between the rotation measurements and the alpha angle in each limb were evaluated and the coefficient values showed no correlation; so also between the ARI and rotation measures. Conclusion: Morphological changes of the femur or acetabulum are not correlated with hip IR and ER ROM in male professional soccer players. ER on the dominant side was greater than on the nondominant side. There was no significant difference in the other measurements between sides. Clinical Relevance: In clinical practice, it is common to attribute loss of hip rotational movement to the presence of FAI. This study shows that anatomical FAI may not have a very strong influence on available hip rotational movement in professional soccer athletes.

scholarly journals Evidence for diagnosis of early chronic pancreatitis after three episodes of acute pancreatitis: a cross-sectional multicentre international study with experimental animal model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter J. Hegyi ◽  
Alexandra Soós ◽  
Emese Tóth ◽  
Attila Ébert ◽  
Viktória Venglovecz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
International Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
End Stage

AbstractChronic pancreatitis (CP) is an end-stage disease with no specific therapy; therefore, an early diagnosis is of crucial importance. In this study, data from 1315 and 318 patients were analysed from acute pancreatitis (AP) and CP registries, respectively. The population from the AP registry was divided into AP (n = 983), recurrent AP (RAP, n = 270) and CP (n = 62) groups. The prevalence of CP in combination with AP, RAP2, RAP3, RAP4 and RAP5 + was 0%, 1%, 16%, 50% and 47%, respectively, suggesting that three or more episodes of AP is a strong risk factor for CP. Laboratory, imaging and clinical biomarkers highlighted that patients with RAP3 + do not show a significant difference between RAPs and CP. Data from CP registries showed 98% of patients had at least one AP and the average number of episodes was four. We mimicked the human RAPs in a mouse model and found that three or more episodes of AP cause early chronic-like morphological changes in the pancreas. We concluded that three or more attacks of AP with no morphological changes to the pancreas could be considered as early CP (ECP).The new diagnostic criteria for ECP allow the majority of CP patients to be diagnosed earlier. They can be used in hospitals with no additional costs in healthcare.

Morphometric, genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Taenia hydatigena (Pallas, 1766) larval stage in Iranian livestock

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-239
Author(s):  
Shahabeddin Sarvi ◽  
Laya Ebrahimi Behrestaghi ◽  
Abbas Alizadeh ◽  
Seyed Abdollah Hosseini ◽  
Shaban Gohardieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Cysticercus Tenuicollis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cox 1

AbstractCysticercus tenuicollis as metacestode of Taenia hydatigena is the most prevalent taeniid species in livestock. Eighty-eight C. tenuicollis samples were collected from sheep (n = 44) and goats (n = 44) of the northern Iran from 2015 to 2016. The isolated parasites were characterized by morphometric keys. The DNA of the larval stage was extracted, amplified and sequenced targeting mitochondrial 12S rRNA and Cox 1 markers. A significant difference in larval rostellar hook length was observed in 12S rRNA haplotypes. Analysis of molecular variance of 12S rRNA indicated a moderate genetic diversity in the C. tenuicollis isolates. The pairwise sequence distance of C. tenuicollis showed an intra-species diversity of 0.3–0.5% and identity of 99.5–100%. Using the 12S rRNA sequence data we found a moderate genetic difference (Fst; 0.05421) in C. tenucollis isolates collected from livestock of the northern and southeastern regions of Iran. We concluded that the genetic variants of C. tenuicollis are being undoubtedly distributing mostly in different parts of Iran. Further studies with a larger number of T. hydatigena isolates collected from various intermediate and definitive hosts are needed to study this evolutionary assumption and also to determine the apparent genetic differences observed in the studied regions.

scholarly journals Fumonisin B1 Production by Fusarium Species and Mycotoxigenic Effect on Larval Zebrafish

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najihah Azman ◽  
Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin ◽  
Wan Norhamidah Wan Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Successful Amplification ◽  
Fast Liquid Chromatography

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a common mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species particularly F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides. The toxin produced can cause adverse effects on humans and animals. The objectives of this study were to detect the production of FB1 based on the amplification of FUM1 gene, to quantify FB1 produced by the isolates using Ultra-fast Liquid Chromatography (UFLC) analysis, to examine the embryotoxicity effect of FB1 and to determine EC50 toward the larvae of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fifty isolates of Fusarium species were isolated from different hosts throughout Malaysia. Successful amplification of the FUM1 gene showed the presence of this gene (800 bp) in the genome of 48 out of 50 isolates. The highest level of FB1 produced by F. proliferatum isolate B2433 was 6677.32 ppm meanwhile F. verticillioides isolate J1363 was 954.01 ppm. From the assessment of embryotoxicity test of FB1 on larvae of zebrafish, five concentrations of FB1 (0.43 ppm, 0.58 ppm, 0.72 ppm, 0.87 ppm and 1.00 ppm) were tested. Morphological changes of the FB1 exposed-larvae were observed at 24 to 168 hpf. The mortality rate and abnormality of zebrafish larvae were significantly increased at 144 hpf exposure. Meanwhile, the spontaneous tail coiling showed a significant difference. There were no significant differences in the heartbeat rate. As a conclusion, the presence of FUM1 in every isolate can be detected by FUM1 gene analysis and both of the species produced different concentrations of FB1. This is the first report of FB1 produced by Fusarium species gave a significant effect on zebrafish development.

scholarly journals THE USE OF INSTAGRAM TO DEVELOP STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY

Akademika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Amelia Nurdiansyah ◽  
Tryanti R. Abdulrahman
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Writing Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Difficulty Index

The research consists of two variables, namely the independent variable (Instagram) and the dependent variable (writing ability). The aim of this research is to find out whether or not the use of Instagram is effective in teaching writing Descriptive Text. The population of this research was all grade ten students at SMAN 3 Bekasi, consisted of 370 students divided into 10 classes. The sample of this research was 74 students divided into 2 classes, taken from the population using Cluster Random Sampling Technique. This research used the Quasi Experimental Method, and the design was randomized post-test only control group design. To collect the data, the writers used instrument. The instrument consists of 10 question items in an essay. They were developed from the indicators of writing as specified in BluePrint. To get a good instrument, it was tried out to other classes outside the sample classes, and the instrument was analyzed in the item of its validity, reliability, difficulty index, and discrimination power by using Ms. Excel 2010. After it has been analyzed, it gained 5 items which were used to collect data for the research. The writers used a T-test to find out whether the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted or rejected. The result of this research presented that there was a significant difference of Instagram on students’ writing ability at SMAN 3 Bekasi. The significance (Sig.) score of T-test 0.000 is lower than (<) 0.05. Therefore, the research had a significant difference in Instagram on Grade Ten Students’ Writing Ability at SMAN 3 Bekasi. In addition, Instagram helped the students to develop their writing, and also, it can ease the teaching and learning process.

scholarly journals The influence of roads on the fine-scale population genetic structure of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0009139
Author(s):  
Maria Angenica F. Regilme ◽  
Thaddeus M. Carvajal ◽  
Ann–Christin Honnen ◽  
Divina M. Amalin ◽  
Kozo Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Fine Spatial Scale ◽  
The Road

Dengue is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries and is transmitted mainly by Aedes aegypti. Mosquito movement can be affected by human-made structures such as roads that can act as a barrier. Roads can influence the population genetic structure of Ae. aegypti. We investigated the genetic structure and gene flow of Ae. aegypti as influenced by a primary road, España Boulevard (EB) with 2000-meter-long stretch and 24-meters-wide in a very fine spatial scale. We hypothesized that Ae. aegypti populations separated by EB will be different due to the limited gene flow as caused by the barrier effect of the road. A total of 359 adults and 17 larvae Ae. aegypti were collected from June to September 2017 in 13 sites across EB. North (N1-N8) and South (S1-S5) comprised of 211 and 165 individuals, respectively. All mosquitoes were genotyped at 11 microsatellite loci. AMOVA FST indicated significant genetic differentiation across the road. The constructed UPGMA dendrogram found 3 genetic groups revealing the clear separation between North and South sites across the road. On the other hand, Bayesian cluster analysis showed four genetic clusters (K = 4) wherein each individual samples have no distinct genetic cluster thus genetic admixture. Our results suggest that human-made landscape features such as primary roads are potential barriers to mosquito movement thereby limiting its gene flow across the road. This information is valuable in designing an effective mosquito control program in a very fine spatial scale.

scholarly journals Population genetic analysis and evidence of inter-specific introgression in Helichrysum armenium and H. rubicundum (Asteraceae)

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malahat Taban ◽  
Masoud Sheidai ◽  
Zahra Noormohammadi ◽  
Narjes Azizi ◽  
Somayeh Ghasemzadeh-Baraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetic ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Population Genetic Study ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
Genetic Stratification

Helichrysum armenium and H. rubicundum are two medicinally important plants of Iran that are distributed in various regions of the country. They are extensively used by locals as medicinal plants and a great negative selection pressure is applied on them. Therefore, due to importance of these plant species, we performed a population genetic study in both species. For this study, we used 66 randomly collected plants from 24 geographical populations of Helichrysum armenium and H. rubicundu. These species had areas of overlap and contact and we found some intermediate plants that were included in our study too. UPGMA and MDS analyses revealed morphological separation of these closely related species and placed intermediate plants in an intermediate position. ISSR analysis revealed inter-population genetic diversity and K-Means clustering and STRUCTURE analyses revealed populations. Genetic stratification in both species. Genetic difference of the studied populations was not correlated to geographical distance. Triangle plot of Bayesian analysis and NeighborNet plot showed inter-specific gene flow. The studied populations showed plants with 2n = 2x = 14 and 2n = 4x = 28 chromosomes and differed significantly in their meiotic behavior. Therefore, a combination of genetic stratification, and genetic admixture as well as polyploidy and chromosomes structural changes, have played rule in Helichrysum diversification.

scholarly journals MON-161 Body Weight Reduction Not Always Reduced Adrenal Gland Volume in Obese Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Gland Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adrenal Gland Volume

Abstract Recent studies have shown that obesity is a major risk factor for idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA). IHA patients have greater AGV than normal controls. However, it is unclear whether such changes are caused by obesity and whether losing weight could reverse the morphological and functional abnormalities of the adrenal gland. This study was to investigate the association of obesity with adrenal gland volume (AGV) and the effects of weight loss on AGV. This study recruited obese patients (N=25) who underwent sleeve gastrectomy and age- and sex-matched normal-weight (N=25) and overweight healthy volunteers (HV) (N=21). Thin-slice computed tomography was used to evaluate adrenal morphological changes. AGV was measured semiautomatically based on the digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) image. The effects of weight loss on AGV were evaluated in patients for one year or more after sleeve gastrectomy. The results showed that left, right and total AGV were larger in obese patients than those in overweight and normal- weight HVs (6.77±0.36, 5.76±0.31, and 12.53±0.64 cm3 vs. 3.88±0.14, 3.09± 0.13 and 6.97± 0.24 cm3 vs. 3.38±0.23, 2.67±0.15 and 6.04±0.36 cm3). No statistically significant difference was identified between overweight and normal-weight HVs. Sleeve gastrectomy significantly reduced body weight (-27.1±2.5 kg), left AGV (-0.80±0.26 cm3), and right AGV (-0.88±0.20 cm2). However, the adrenal volume in five patients was not reduced, despite significant weight loss postsurgery. In brief, obesity leads to increased AGV, and in some cases, this effect seems to be irreversible. We speculate that obesity causes permanently adrenal morphological changes (increased volume or hyperplasia), and under certain circumstances, it results in excessive aldosterone secretion via altered adipokines (leptin, CTRP1, etc.).

O2–O3 chemodiscolysis: How much, how long? Retrospective outcome evaluation of different treatment sessions in partially-responder patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 159101992110399
Author(s):  
Federico Bruno ◽  
Nicola Carboni ◽  
Pierpaolo Palumbo ◽  
Francesco Arrigoni ◽  
Marco Varrassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Injection Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Disc Area ◽  
Group B

Purpose To retrospectively evaluate the clinical and instrumental outcome of different treatment sessions of oxygen–ozone (O2–O3) chemodiscolysis in patients with lumbar disc herniation Methods We evaluated 73 patients partially responders to a single session of oxygen–ozone (O2–O3) chemodiscolysis and submitted to multiple injections sessions. All patients completed a pre- and post-treatment clinical (VAS and modified McNab score) and instrumental MRI follow-up. Imaging evaluation included assessment of intervertebral disc area (IDA). Pre- and post-treatment differences were compared to evaluate differences in variation between groups. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between morphological and clinical parameters. Results Based on the type and number of treatments performed, patients were divided into three groups: Group A) patients submitted to an additional periradicular anaesthetic/steroid injection; Group B) patients submitted to an additional session of intradiscal O2–O3 injection; Group C) patients submitted to two further sessions of intradiscal O2–O3 injection. The results showed an improvement of pain scores in all groups, and a smaller disc area change in group B. Comparing the differences between pre- and post-treatment features among the three different groups of patients, we did not find any statistically significant difference. Correlation analysis did not show any statistically significant correlation between the morphological changes of the intervertebral disc and the clinical output scores. Conclusions In our retrospective observation of partially responder patients, multiple intradiscal ozone injections were not associated with a higher disc shrinkage nor superior clinical outcome compared to a single intradiscal O2–O3 application with an additional periradicular injection session.

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