Association of Fast Food Intake as a Risk Factor of Coronary Heart Disease in Male Population of Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract: Coronary heart is a disease that offense to blood vessels and heart attack due to constriction of blood vessels. A high level of cholesterol in blood or exceeds the normal limit can form sediment in wall of blodd vessels which cause blood vessels constriction or blockage. This research object to determine whether there is a correlation between cholesterol level total and hypertension with coronary heart disease in patients who hospitalized in Regional Public Hospital of dr. Soedarso Pontianak. This study was used cross sectional design, purposive sampling technique, it gained 50 people as samples. The measurement of blood pressure was done in heart poly and cholesterol total level in clinic laboratory of Regional Public Hospital of dr. Soedarso by using enzymatic CHOD-PAP method. It can be obtained that 10 people had hypertension and 40 people did not.the average of total cholesterol was 224 mg/dl. Maximum value of total cholesterol was 224 mg/dl and 152 mg/dl as minimum value. Data has been analyzed by using statistical test, Chi-Square, to determine the correlation of total cholesterol wit coronary heart disease, obtained p value=0,024 (less than α=0,05). Correlation of hypertension and coronary heart disease gained p value=0,923 (more than α=0,05), it can be concluded that total cholesterol correlated with coronary heart disease, and there was not a correlation between hypertension and coronary heart disease.Abstrak: Jantung koroner adalah penyakit yang menyerang pembuluh darah dan serangan jantung, karena penyempitan pada pembuluh darah. Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi dalam darah melebihi normal dapat membentuk endapan pada dinding pembuluh darah sehingga menyebabkan penyempitan dan tersumbatnya pembuluh darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar kolesterol total dan hipertensi dengan penyakit jantung koroner pada pasien di RSUD dr. Soedarso Pontianak. Disain penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional, teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling, didapat jumlah sampel 50 orang. Pengukuran Tensi Darah dilakukan di poli Jantung dan pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol total di laboratorium klinik RSUD dr. Soedarso Pontianak dengan metode enzimatik CHOD-PAP. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 10 orang mengalami hipertensi dan 40 orang non hipertensi. Rata-rata kadar kolesterol total 224 mg/ dl. Nilai maksimum kadar kolesterol total yaitu 224 mg/dl dan nilai minimum yaitu 152 mg/dl. Analisa data dengan uji statistik Chi-square untuk mengetahui hubungan kolesterol total dengan penyakit jantung koroner didapatkan nilai p = 0,024 (lebih kecil dari α 0,05). Uji hubungan hipertensi dengan penyakit jantung koroner didapat nilai p = 0,923 (lebih besar dari α 0,05), dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan kadar kolesterol total dengan penyakit jantung koroner dan tidak ada hubungan hipertensi dengan penyakit jantung koroner.

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THE DESCRIPTION OF MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS IN CORONARY HEART DISEASE AT DR. SOETOMO REGIONAL PUBLIC HOSPITAL

Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi ◽

10.20473/jbe.v7i22019.85-93 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 85

Author(s):

Mayla Renata Sandi ◽

Santi Martini ◽

Kurnia Dwi Artanti ◽

Sri Widati

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Public Hospital ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Primary Data ◽

Modifiable Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a non-communicable disease that causes the highest mortality in the world, including in Indonesia. Risk factors for CHD are divided into modifiable and non- modifiable risk factors. Purpose: This study aims to discover the description of risk factors that are modifiable in coronary heart disease patients at Dr Soetomo Regional Public Hospital. Methods: It was a descriptive observational study with cross sectional study design. The study population was coronary heart disease patients who were doing outpatient treatment at the Integrated Heart Service Center (PPJT) of Dr. Soetomo Regional Public Hospital. The number of study sample was 72 respondents using accidental sampling technique. Data sources used are primary data using questionnaires and secondary data using medical record. Data were collected during November 2018. The location of this study was Dr. Soetomo Regional Public Hospital. The data analysis technique chosen was univariate analysis and presented in the form of a frequency distribution table. Results: The results of the study showed that the characteristics of respondents were mostly between 56-65 years old (43,05%) and male (70,84%). Risk factors found on the respondents were smoking (84,72%), hypertension (72,22%), hyperlipidemia (68,05%), diabetes mellitus (81,94%) and poor physical activity (77,77%). Conclusion: Modifiable risk factor that was mostly found on coronary heart patients was smoking, while least one was hiperlipidemia.

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Hubungan Depresi, Asupan, dan Penampilan Makanan dengan Sisa Makan Pagi Pasien Rawat Inap (Studi di Rumah Sakit Islam Jemursari Surabaya)

Amerta Nutrition ◽

10.20473/amnt.v1i3.2017.198-208 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 198

Author(s):

Rizka Amalia Habiba ◽

Merryana Adriani

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Food Waste ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Relationship Of

Background: Food waste problem in some hospitals in Indonesia is still quite high at >20%. The proportion of residual high enough lies in the morning meal. This results in inadequate nutrition intake so that it affects the length of stay and increases patient morbidity and mortality. Food waste can be due to individual factors, dietary habits, food intake, and food quality.Objectives: This study aims to analyze the relationship of depression, intake, and appearance of food with the waste of the morning meal in hospitalized patients.Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving 47 respondents that was chosen using a simple random sampling technique at the RSI Jemursari Surabaya. Morning food waste was collected for measurement using food scale; patient’s psychological condition, food intake and appearance of food were measured using questionnaires. Statistical analysis used was Spearman and Chi Square test. Results: Most of the respondents did not experience anxiety and depression disorder. Most respondents have less energy and protein intake. There was a relationship between depression (p=0.02) and energy intake (p=0.035) with the waste of the morning meal. There is a relationship of protein intake in the morning with the rest of the animal side (p = 0.002). However, there was no correlation between appearance (p = 0.64), large portion (p = 0.4), and presentation method (p=0.83) with waste of the morning meal.Conclusion: Food waste can be affected by a person's depression and food intake. Feeding the patient not only comes from hospital food alone, but from outside the hospital as well. However, food outside the hospital does not affect the intake so that the higher the patient leaves the food, the lower the intake of energy and protein. Communication and education should be done to patients to try to spend the food and pay attention to the intake.ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Permasalahan sisa makanan di beberapa rumah sakit di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi yaitu >20%. Proporsi sisa yang cukup tinggi terletak pada makan pagi. Hal ini mengakibatkan asupan gizi tidak adekuat sehingga berdampak pada lamanya rawat inap dan meningkatkan morbiditas serta mortalitas pasien. Sisa makanan bisa disebabkan dari faktor individu, kebiasaan pola makan, asupan makan, dan mutu makanan.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan depresi, asupan, dan penampilan makanan dengan sisa makanan pagi pada pasien rawat inap.Metode: Merupakan penelitian observasional analitik studi cross sectional dengan sampel penelitian sebesar 47 pasien terpilih secara simple random sampling berada di RSI Jemursari Surabaya. Pengumpulan data meliputi penimbangan sisa makan pagi, wawancara keadaan psikis, asupan makan, dan penampilan makan pagi. Analisis data menggunakan uji spearman dan chi square.Hasil: Diketahui sebagian besar responden tidak mengalami gangguan kecemasan dan depresi. Sebagian besar responden memiliki asupan energi dan protein yang kurang. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara depresi (p=0,02) dan asupan energi (p=0,035) dengan sisa makanan pagi. Terdapat hubungan asupan protein pagi dengan sisa lauk hewani (p=0,002). Namun tidak terdapat hubungan antara penampilan yaitu warna (p=0,64), besar porsi (p=0,4), dan cara penyajian (p=0,83) dengan sisa makan pagi.Kesimpulan: Sisa makanan dapat dipengaruhi dari depresi seseorang dan asupan makannya. Asupan makan pasien tidak hanya berasal dari makanan rumah sakit saja, melainkan dari luar rumah sakit juga. Namun, makanan luar rumah sakit tidak mempengaruhi asupan sehingga semakin tinggi pasien menyisakan makanannya, maka semakin rendah asupan energi dan protein. Sebaiknya perlu dilakukan komunikasi dan edukasi kepada pasien supaya berusaha menghabiskan makanannya dan memperhatikan asupannya.

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Knowledge on Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease among Middle Aged Administrative Staffs of Kathmandu

Journal of Advanced Academic Research ◽

10.3126/jaar.v3i2.16750 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Soni Shrestha ◽

Deepa Gautam

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Effective Prevention

Background: Progressive urbanization and adoption of the “western” lifestyle contributes to the rising burden of cardiovascular diseases in the developing world. Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is no longer confined by geographical area or socioeconomic boundary. Knowledge is an important pre-requisite for implementing both primary and secondary preventive strategies of CHD and for behavioral change. Objective: This study attempts to quantify level of knowledge on risk factors of Coronary Heart Disease among middle aged administrative staffs of Tribhuvan University, Kritipur Kathmandu.Methodology: Descriptive Cross Sectional study was conducted in different departments of Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu from December 22, 2014 to January 2, 2015.A total of 130 middle aged administrative staffs (40-60 years) have participated in the study. Structured questionnaires and interview schedule were used to collect data and descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. Results: Among total respondents, 56.2 % had mean knowledge score equal to or more than 13.91. Only less than half (47.7%) knew age as non - modifiable risk factor of CHD followed by sex (30.8%) and family history (30%). Regarding modifiable risk factors, most participant response was fatty food consumption (80.8%) followed by tobacco use (80%), excessive alcohol consumption (78.5%), hypertension(76.2%), Stress(74.6%), lack of exercise/inactive lifestyle (73.8%), mellitus (46.9%). In regards to the symptom of CHD, most cited response was chest Obesity (70.8%), excessive salt consumption in diet (60.8%) and diabetes pain/discomfort (55%). The risk factors prevalent among the study participants included overweight (44.6%) and alcohol consumption (30.8%)Conclusion: The findings concluded that significant percentage (43.8%) of respondent’s mean knowledge score was less than 13.91. Thus, understanding of the behavioral determinants of heart disease knowledge and risk factors is necessary in designing effective prevention strategies. Journal of Advanced Academic Research Vol. 3, No. 2, 2016, page : 1-13

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Prevalence of Coronary Heart Diseases Risk Factors among Healthcare Male Students in KSAU-HS Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i54a33742 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 237-243

Author(s):

Awadelkarim Abdulla Elneama ◽

Aamir Omair ◽

Abdullah Abdulhadi Alharbi ◽

Alhommedi Shaker Alhabbad ◽

Raed Awadh Alshehri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Fast Food ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Blood Clot ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Coronary Heart Diseases ◽

Physical Measurements

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a condition in which plaque builds up on the inner walls of coronary arteries and can lead to blood clot formation. It is the leading cause of death worldwide. Developing coronary heart disease takes long period and its risk factors can be found in young people. Objectives: Study of risk factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done at King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University in Riyadh. Non-probability convenience sampling was used to select 151 health care students. The data was collected through questionnaire and physical measurements. The data was entered and analyzed by SPSS. Results: More than half of the students eat fruits one or less time per week which accounts for 53.6%. Moreover, 28.5% of them eat vegetables one time or less per week. Regarding healthy food containing healthy fat such as fish, 76.2% of the students include healthy fat food in their diet more than two times per week. The percentage of those who eat fast food and consume soft drinks is 80.8% and 70.2% more than two times per week respectively. Furthermore, the percentage of the students who are smokers, either currently or occasionally is 49%. Concerning physical activity, 31.3% of the students exercise more than two times weekly, and only 7.3% of the students watch TV more than four hours per day. On the other hand, the majority which accounts for 54.3% of the students use computer, laptop, or tablet more than four hours per day. Regarding premature CAD, 3.3% of the students reported positive and 16.2% of them reported positive for CHD family history. Finally, 1.3% of the found to have DM.

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Pengaruh Perubahan Ritme Sirkadian terhadap Marker Inflamasi pada Pedagang Pasar Subuh di Kota Palangka Raya

Jurnal Surya Medika ◽

10.33084/jsm.v5i2.1295 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 92-99

Author(s):

Rinny Ardina ◽

Dwi Purbayanti

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Platelet Count ◽

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Distribution Width ◽

Automated Method ◽

High Platelet Count ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Dawn market traders in Pasar Seram Palangka Raya City with sleep deprivation and alteration of sleep pattern has the potential risk of circadian rhythm disruption. Circadian rhythm disruption is the beginning of various chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease. One of the inflammation markers that can be used to assess the onset of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease is the platelet profile (platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and plateletcrit (PCT)). This study aimed to describe the effect of circadian rhythm disruption of inflammation marker as a platelet profile in dawn market traders in Pasar Seram Palangka Raya City. The descriptive observational method with a cross-sectional design was used in this study. Samples obtained as many as 100 people using purposive sampling technique. The examination of the platelet profile was done by an automated method using a hematology analyzer. The results showed, there was 6% with high platelet count and it only in women. Whereas for platelet indices in men, there was 6% with high MPV, 74% with high PCT, and 10% with low PCT. In women, there was 84% with high PCT and 6% with low PCT (6%). The result showed there were inflammation and accumulation of platelets as a result of circadian rhythm disruption in dawn market traders.

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CORONARY HEART DISEASE PATIENTS' LEARNING NEEDS

Belitung Nursing Journal ◽

10.33546/bnj.440 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 287-294

Author(s):

Aan Nuraeni ◽

Ristina Mirwanti ◽

Anastasia Anna

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Symptom Management ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Recovery Phase ◽

Learning Needs ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Anatomy And Physiology ◽

High Care

Background: Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) should have good self-management capabilities. This is determined by the effective of health education which is based on the assessment of patients’ learning needs and consideration of health personel. On the other hand the study of perceptions of CHD patients’ learning needs in Indonesia is little known.Objective: This study aimed to identify the CHD patients’ learning needs.Methods: This study was a descriptive quantitative with cross-sectional approach. Population was CHD patients in one of the referral hospital in West Java Indonesia. Samples were recruited using consecutive sampling technique for a 2-month period (n=106). Data were collected using TR-CPLNI instrument and analyzed using descriptive quantitative and kruskall wallis test.Results: The order of learning needs based on the highest to the lowest mean was anatomy and physiology of heart (4.42); medication information (4.33); cardiopulmonary information (4.32); life style (4.28); dietary information (4.19); symptom management (4.08); psychology (4.07); and physical activity (3.64). The significant differences (p<0.05) based on ward categories were learning needs of dietary information (p=0.002); physical activity (p=0.009) and symptom management (p=0.037), with the highest needs respectively were in High Care Unit (HCU); HCU; and non-intensive care unit.Conclusions: These eight learning needs were important for CHD patients. However, the priority of the patients’ learning needs were seen by category of ward or recovery phase and illness duration different from each other. Therefore this can be a consideration in providing education to CHD patients.

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Hubungan Depresi, Asupan, dan Penampilan Makanan dengan Sisa Makan Pagi Pasien Rawat Inap (Studi di Rumah Sakit Islam Jemursari Surabaya)

Amerta Nutrition ◽

10.20473/amnt.v1i3.6246 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 198 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rizka Amalia Habiba ◽

Merryana Adriani

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Food Waste ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Relationship Of

Background: Food waste problem in some hospitals in Indonesia is still quite high at >20%. The proportion of residual high enough lies in the morning meal. This results in inadequate nutrition intake so that it affects the length of stay and increases patient morbidity and mortality. Food waste can be due to individual factors, dietary habits, food intake, and food quality.Objectives: This study aims to analyze the relationship of depression, intake, and appearance of food with the waste of the morning meal in hospitalized patients.Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving 47 respondents that was chosen using a simple random sampling technique at the RSI Jemursari Surabaya. Morning food waste was collected for measurement using food scale; patient’s psychological condition, food intake and appearance of food were measured using questionnaires. Statistical analysis used was Spearman and Chi Square test. Results: Most of the respondents did not experience anxiety and depression disorder. Most respondents have less energy and protein intake. There was a relationship between depression (p=0.02) and energy intake (p=0.035) with the waste of the morning meal. There is a relationship of protein intake in the morning with the rest of the animal side (p = 0.002). However, there was no correlation between appearance (p = 0.64), large portion (p = 0.4), and presentation method (p=0.83) with waste of the morning meal.Conclusion: Food waste can be affected by a person's depression and food intake. Feeding the patient not only comes from hospital food alone, but from outside the hospital as well. However, food outside the hospital does not affect the intake so that the higher the patient leaves the food, the lower the intake of energy and protein. Communication and education should be done to patients to try to spend the food and pay attention to the intake.ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Permasalahan sisa makanan di beberapa rumah sakit di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi yaitu >20%. Proporsi sisa yang cukup tinggi terletak pada makan pagi. Hal ini mengakibatkan asupan gizi tidak adekuat sehingga berdampak pada lamanya rawat inap dan meningkatkan morbiditas serta mortalitas pasien. Sisa makanan bisa disebabkan dari faktor individu, kebiasaan pola makan, asupan makan, dan mutu makanan.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan depresi, asupan, dan penampilan makanan dengan sisa makanan pagi pada pasien rawat inap.Metode: Merupakan penelitian observasional analitik studi cross sectional dengan sampel penelitian sebesar 47 pasien terpilih secara simple random sampling berada di RSI Jemursari Surabaya. Pengumpulan data meliputi penimbangan sisa makan pagi, wawancara keadaan psikis, asupan makan, dan penampilan makan pagi. Analisis data menggunakan uji spearman dan chi square.Hasil: Diketahui sebagian besar responden tidak mengalami gangguan kecemasan dan depresi. Sebagian besar responden memiliki asupan energi dan protein yang kurang. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara depresi (p=0,02) dan asupan energi (p=0,035) dengan sisa makanan pagi. Terdapat hubungan asupan protein pagi dengan sisa lauk hewani (p=0,002). Namun tidak terdapat hubungan antara penampilan yaitu warna (p=0,64), besar porsi (p=0,4), dan cara penyajian (p=0,83) dengan sisa makan pagi.Kesimpulan: Sisa makanan dapat dipengaruhi dari depresi seseorang dan asupan makannya. Asupan makan pasien tidak hanya berasal dari makanan rumah sakit saja, melainkan dari luar rumah sakit juga. Namun, makanan luar rumah sakit tidak mempengaruhi asupan sehingga semakin tinggi pasien menyisakan makanannya, maka semakin rendah asupan energi dan protein. Sebaiknya perlu dilakukan komunikasi dan edukasi kepada pasien supaya berusaha menghabiskan makanannya dan memperhatikan asupannya.

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Associations between high levels of hostility and coronary heart disease in an open urban population among 25—64-year-old men

Terapevticheskii arkhiv ◽

10.17116/terarkh201789128-31 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

pp. 28-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

E V Akimova ◽

M Yu Akimov ◽

E I Gakova ◽

M M Kayumova ◽

V V Gafarov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Epidemiological Survey ◽

Survey Method ◽

Male Population ◽

Administrative District ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Open Population ◽

Epidemiological Surveys ◽

Old Men

Aim. To establish the associations of the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) with high levels of hostility in the open population of 25—64-year-old men in an average urbanized Siberian town. Subjects and methods. A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted in a representative sample of the electorate of a Tyumen administrative district among 1000 males, with 250 being in each of 4 life decades (25—34, 35—44, 45—54, and 55—64 years). There were 850 (85%) responses. Different forms of CHD were identified by standard methods (the WHO exertional angina questionnaire, resting EEG, and Minnesota coding) used in epidemiological surveys. Definite CHD (DCHD) and possible CHD were identified. A continuous survey method was used by self-filling out the WHO MONICA-psychosocial questionnaire to estimate the levels of hostility. Results. In an average urbanized Siberian town, the prevalence of high levels of hostility among 25—64-year-old men was 46.4% (age-adjusted rate). The high levels of hostility increased with age, peaking in the 55—64-year-old group. In the Tyumen male population aged 25—64-year-old, the odds ratio (OR) for coronary heart disease and high levels of hostility was 2.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.63—4.52 (p

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To Assess the effect of Fast Food among Adolescent Group

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i39a32160 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 201-206

Author(s):

Vrushali P. Dighikar ◽

Seema Singh

Keyword(s):

Fast Food ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adolescent Group ◽

Fast Food Consumption ◽

Minimum Score ◽

Eating Fast

Background: Different types of fast food are becoming more popular in all parts of the world, including both developed and developing nations. Because of changes and transitions in people's lifestyles and dietary habits, an increasing number of people of all ages, particularly adolescents and young adults, are gravitating toward fast food. For past 10 years, Fast food consumption has increased globally. Hence, the topic of eating fast food can turn specifically very much better for the age group of 13-18. Because of this for controlling the eating habits of fast food first attention might be given to developing some nutritional habit to the adolescents. Aim: To assess the effect of fast food among adolescent group. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used in the study. The study was conducted among adolescents’ group rural area of Wardha district, Maharashtra. The population of the study was the adolescent group. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The sample was consisting of a total number of 85 subjects. A structured knowledge questionnaire were used to assess the knowledge and effect of fast food. Results: After the detailed analysis of the conducted study leads to the following conclusion that Means score of the adolescent group was 12±2.88 and the mean percentage of score was 60±14.41 It is revealed that the adolescent group is having lot many effects of fast food on their health and having knowledge regarding the effect of fast food, in that 1.18% of the adolescent group had a no effect, 30.59% of them had mild, 58.82% of them were moderate and 9.41% of them had a severe. The minimum score was 5 and the maximum score was 17 out of 20. Conclusion: The research concludes that adolescents are having an effect of fast food on their health so because of that they are having average knowledge regarding the effect of fast food.

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