scholarly journals CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK ASSESSMENT WITH HIGH-SENSITIVITY CARDIAC TROPONIN I AND OTHER BIOMARKERS: AN OBSERVATIONAL COHORT STUDY IN JOHOR, MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Jaganathan Sickan ◽  
Tar Choon Aw ◽  
Shaoqing X Du ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Janel Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Biomarker Testing ◽  
The Impact

Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major health challenge in Malaysia, many Malaysians are unaware of their CVD risk. The measurement of biomarkers in the general population may help to identify at-risk individuals before the onset of symptomatic CVD. The aim of this community health screening project was to determine the distribution of high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) and other biomarkers of CVD risk in the general population of Johor, Malaysia. A sampling of self-declared healthy volunteers was conducted during the 2016 Kembara Mahkota community event in Johor. Levels of hsTnI, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and homocysteine (HCY) were analyzed using the ARCHITECT immunoassay and clinical chemistry platforms utilizing fresh venous blood samples. Based on previous data, biomarker levels indicative of high risk were >10 and >12 ng/mL for hsTnI in women and men, respectively, BNP >50 pg/mL in the overall population, and HCY >13.6 µmol/L in women and >16.2 µmol/L in men. A total of 2744 volunteers participated in biomarker testing.  Biomarker measurements showed that up to 10% of participants had moderate or high CVD risk based on hsTnI, approximately 2% were above the BNP threshold and >50% of subjects were above the HCY threshold. General population biomarker testing shows distribution of biomarker levels that may be indicative of CVD risk or the presence of disease and suggests that biomarker-guided risk strategies should be more widely implemented to determine the impact they would have on early detection and prevention of disease.

scholarly journals Hot Flashes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Indices Among Women With HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel Toribio ◽  
Evelynne S Fulda ◽  
Sarah M Chu ◽  
Zsofia D Drobni ◽  
Magid Awadalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Hot Flash ◽  
Risk Indices ◽  
Women With Hiv

Abstract Women with HIV (WWH) transitioning through menopause have heightened cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In the general population, hot flash burden relates to CVD risk indices. We found higher hot flash burden among women with vs without HIV. Further, among WWH, hot flash burden related to select CVD risk indices. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration NCT02874703.

scholarly journals Consumption of dairy products and cardiovascular disease risk: results from the French prospective cohort NutriNet-Santé

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Laury Sellem ◽  
Bernard Srour ◽  
Kim G. Jackson ◽  
Serge Hercberg ◽  
Pilar Galan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Fermented Dairy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In France, dairy products contribute to dietary saturated fat intake, of which reduced consumption is often recommended for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Epidemiological evidence on the association between dairy consumption and CVD risk remains unclear, suggesting either null or inverse associations. This study aimed to investigate the associations between dairy consumption (overall and specific foods) and CVD risk in a large cohort of French adults. This prospective analysis included participants aged ≥ 18 years from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009–2019). Daily dietary intakes were collected using 24h-dietary records. Total dairy, milk, cheese, yogurts, fermented and reduced-fat dairy intakes were investigated. CVD cases (n=1,952) included cerebrovascular (n=878 cases) and coronary heart diseases (CHD, n=1,219 cases). Multivariable Cox models were performed to investigate associations. This analysis included n=104,805 French adults (mean age at baseline 42.8 years (SD 14.6)), mean follow-up 5.5 years (SD 3.0, i.e. 579,155 persons years). There were no significant associations between dairy intakes and total CVD or CHD risks. However, the consumption of at least 160 g/d of fermented dairy (e.g. cheese and yogurts) was associated with a reduced risk of cerebrovascular diseases compared to intakes below 57 g/d (HR=0.81 [0.66-0.98], p-trend=0.01). Despite being a major dietary source of saturated fats, dairy consumption was not associated with CVD or CHD risks in this study. However, fermented dairy was associated with a lower cerebrovascular disease risk. Robust randomized controlled trials are needed to further assess the impact of consuming different dairy foods on CVD risk and potential underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Nutrients in Fish and Possible Associations with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Tørris ◽  
Milada Cvancarova Småstuen ◽  
Marianne Molin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Impact

Non-communicable diseases (NSDs) are responsible for two-thirds of all deaths globally, whereas cardiovascular disease (CVD) alone counts for nearly half of them. To reduce the impact of CVD, targeting modifiable risk factors comprised in metabolic syndrome (e.g., waist circumference, lipid profile, blood pressure, and blood glucose) is of great importance. Beneficial effects of fish consumption on CVD has been revealed over the past decades, and some studies suggest that fish consumption may have a protective role in preventing metabolic syndrome. Fish contains a variety of nutrients that may contribute to health benefits. This review examines current recommendations for fish intake as a source of various nutrients (proteins, n-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, iodine, selenium, and taurine), and their effects on metabolic syndrome and the CVD risk factors. Fatty fish is recommended due to its high levels of n-3 fatty acids, however lean fish also contains nutrients that may be beneficial in the prevention of CVD.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction in Women: Is There a Role for Novel Biomarkers?

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina P Paynter ◽  
Brendan M Everett ◽  
Nancy R Cook
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Abstract BACKGROUND Risk prediction is an integral part of the current US guidelines for cardiovascular disease in women. Although current risk prediction algorithms exist to identify women at increased 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), clinicians and researchers have been interested in developing novel biomarkers that might improve predictive accuracy further. These biomarkers have led to important insights into the pathophysiology of CVD, but results for their ability to improve prediction or guide preventive therapy have been mixed. The incidence of CVD is lower in women than men, and the effects of a number of traditional biomarkers on CVD risk differ in women compared to men. Both of these factors influence the ability to accurately predict CVD risk. CONTENT We review the distinctive aspects of CVD risk prediction in women, discuss the statistical challenges to improved risk prediction, and discuss a number of biomarkers in varying stages of development with a range of performance in prediction. SUMMARY A variety of biomarkers from different pathophysiologic pathways have been evaluated for improving CVD risk. While many have been incompletely studied or have not been shown to improve risk prediction in women, others, such as high-sensitivity troponin T, have shown promise in improving risk prediction. Increasing inclusion of women in CVD studies will be crucial to providing opportunities to evaluate future biomarkers.

Unfavourable cardiovascular disease risk profiles in a cohort of Dutch and British haemophilia patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (01) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathelijn Fischer ◽  
Michael Makris ◽  
Campbell R. Tait ◽  
Pratima Chowdary ◽  
Peter W. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Increased Risk

SummaryCardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is reported to be decreased in haemophilia patients, but reports on the prevalence of CVD risk factors are conflicting. A cross-sectional assessment of CVD risk profiles was performed in a large cohort of haemophilia patients. Baseline data on CVD risk factors of 709 Dutch and UK haemophilia patients aged ≥ 30 years were analysed and compared with the general age-matched male population. CVD risk profiles were assessed using the QRISK®2–2011 and SCORE algorithms. Although QRISK®2 was only validated in the UK, comparison with SCORE indicated similar properties of QRISK®2 in both Dutch and UK patients (correlation 0.86). Mean age was 49.8 years. Hypertension was more common in haemophilia patients than in the general population (49% vs. 40%), while the prevalences of obesity and hypercholesterolaemia were lower (15 vs. 20% and 44 vs. 68%, respectively), and those of diabetes and smoking were similar. The predicted 10-year QRISK®2 risk was significantly higher in haemophilia patients than in the general population (8.9 vs. 6.7%), indicating more unfavourable cardiovascular disease risk profiles. This increased risk became apparent after the age of 40 years. Our results indicate an increased prevalence of hypertension and overall more unfavourable CVD risk profiles in haemophilia patients compared with the general age-matched male population.

scholarly journals Association of Repeatedly Measured High-Sensitivity–Assayed Troponin I with Cardiovascular Disease Events in a General Population from the MORGAM/BiomarCaRE Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria F Hughes ◽  
Francisco Ojeda ◽  
Olli Saarela ◽  
Torben Jørgensen ◽  
Tanja Zeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Joint Model ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Abstract BACKGROUND High-sensitivity troponin I (hs-cTnI) concentrations reflect myocardial stress. The role of hs-cTnI in predicting long-term changes in the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in general populations is not clearly defined. METHODS We investigated whether the change in 3 repeated measures of hs-cTnI collected 5 years apart in a prospective Danish study (3875 participants, initially aged 30–60 years, 51% female, disease free at baseline) improves 10-year prediction of incident CVD compared to using a single most recent hs-cTnI measurement. The change process was modelled using a joint (longitudinal and survival) model and compared to a Cox model using a single hs-cTnI measure adjusted for classic CVD risk factors, and evaluated using discrimination statistics. RESULTS Median hs-cTnI concentrations changed from 2.6 ng/L to 3.4 ng/L over 10 years. The change in hs-cTnI predicts 10-year risk of CVD (581 events); the joint model gave a hazard ratio of 1.31 per interquartile difference in hs-cTnI (95% CI 1.15–1.48) after adjustment for CVD risk factors. However, the joint model performed only marginally better (c-index improvement 0.0041, P = 0.03) than using a single hs-cTnI measure (c-index improvement 0.0052, P = 0.04) for prediction of CVD, compared to a model incorporating CVD risk factors without hs-cTnI (c-index 0.744). CONCLUSIONS The change in hs-cTnI in 5-year intervals better predicts risk of CVD in the general population, but the most recent measure of hs-cTnI, (at 10 years) is as effective in predicting CVD risk. This simplifies the use of hs-cTnI as a prognostic marker for primary prevention of CVD in the general population.

scholarly journals Urinary Levels of the Acrolein Conjugates of Carnosine Are Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1383
Author(s):  
Timothy E. O’Toole ◽  
Xiaohong Li ◽  
Daniel W. Riggs ◽  
David J. Hoetker ◽  
Shahid P. Baba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Urinary Levels

Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide (β-alanine-L-histidine) which supports physiological homeostasis by buffering intracellular pH, chelating metals, and conjugating with and neutralizing toxic aldehydes such as acrolein. However, it is not clear if carnosine can support cardiovascular function or modify cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. To examine this, we measured urinary levels of nonconjugated carnosine and its acrolein conjugates (carnosine-propanal and carnosine-propanol) in participants of the Louisville Healthy Heart Study and examined associations with indices of CVD risk. We found that nonconjugated carnosine was significantly associated with hypertension (p = 0.011), heart failure (p = 0.015), those categorized with high CVD risk (p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI; p = 0.007), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP; p = 0.026), high-density lipoprotein (HDL; p = 0.007) and certain medication uses. Levels of carnosine-propanal and carnosine-propanol demonstrated significant associations with BMI, blood glucose, HDL and diagnosis of diabetes. Carnosine-propanal was also associated with heart failure (p = 0.045) and hyperlipidemia (p = 0.002), but no associations with myocardial infarction or stroke were identified. We found that the positive associations of carnosine conjugates with diabetes and HDL remain statistically significant (p < 0.05) in an adjusted, linear regression model. These findings suggest that urinary levels of nonconjugated carnosine, carnosine-propanal and carnosine-propanol may be informative biomarkers for the assessment of CVD risk—and particularly reflective of skeletal muscle injury and carnosine depletion in diabetes.

scholarly journals Impact of continuity of care on cardiovascular disease risk among newly-diagnosed hypertension patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daein Choi ◽  
Seulggie Choi ◽  
Hyunho Kim ◽  
Kyuwoong Kim ◽  
Nakhyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Continuity Of Care ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reduced Risk

AbstractSeveral previous studies have noted benefits of maintaining continuity of care (COC), including improved patient compliance, decreased health care cost, and decreased incidence of hospitalization. However, the association of COC in hypertension patients with subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is yet unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of COC on CVD risk among newly-diagnosed hypertension patients. We conducted a cohort with a study population consisted of 244,187 newly-diagnosed hypertension patients in 2004 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The participants were then divided into approximate quartiles of COC index, and followed from 1 January 2007 until 31 December 2017. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD risk according to quartiles. Compared to patients within the lowest quartile of COC index, those within the highest quartile of COC index had reduced risk for CVD (aHR 0.76, 95% confidence interval; CI 0.73–0.79), CHD (aHR 0.66, 95% CI 0.62–0.69) and stroke (aHR 0.84, 95% CI 0.80–0.88). COC among hypertension patients was associated with improved medication compliance and reduced risk of stroke and CVD. The importance of maintaining COC should be emphasized to reduce the risk of CVD among hypertension patients.

scholarly journals Association of Serum Uric Acid with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Scores in Koreans

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Yun Lee ◽  
Won Park ◽  
Young Ju Suh ◽  
Mie Jin Lim ◽  
Seong-Ryul Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
General Population ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Burden

As the prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia increases, the comorbidities of gout and hyperuricemia have become a public health burden. In particular, risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related complications are increasing. However, a few guidelines exist for the management of hyperuricemia. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association of serum uric acid with CVD risk in the general population of Korean adults. We examined cross-sectional data from the first and second years of the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2017. Among 16,277 participants, 8781 were analyzed. We estimated the CVD risk using a 10-year CVD risk score prediction formula. There was a significant association of serum uric acid with 10-year CVD risk scores after adjusting for physical activity, body mass index, serum creatinine, and alcohol consumption in both sexes (p < 0.001). In the fitted fractional polynomial model, an approximate U-shaped association between serum uric acid levels and 10-year CVD risk scores was found in men. At the serum uric acid level of 6.9 mg/dL, the CVD risk was lowest. An approximate J-shaped association between serum uric acid levels and 10-year CVD risk scores was found in women. Our study showed that hyperuricemia was associated with an increased CVD risk. Hypouricemia was also associated with an increased CVD risk in men. We, therefore, recommend proper management of uric acid levels in the general population to reduce CVD risks.

scholarly journals The significant places of African American adults and their perceived influence on cardiovascular disease risk behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle J. White ◽  
Katelyn M. Holliday ◽  
Stephanie Hoover ◽  
Nicole Robinson-Ezekwe ◽  
Giselle Corbie-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background AA living in rural areas of the southeastern U.S. experience a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Neighborhood environmental factors contribute to this disparity and may decrease the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions aimed at preventing CVD. Furthermore, the influence of neighborhood factors on AA CVD risk behaviors (i.e. physical activity) may be obscured by the use of researcher-defined neighborhoods and researcher-defined healthy and unhealthy places. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of neighborhood environments on AA CVD risk behaviors among AA adults who recently completed a lifestyle intervention. We specifically sought to identify AA adults’ self-perceived places of significance and their perceptions of how these places impact CVD risk behaviors including diet, physical activity and smoking. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with AA adults (N = 26) living in two rural North Carolina counties (Edgecombe and Nash, North Carolina, USA). Participants were recruited from a community-based behavioral CVD risk reduction intervention. All had at least one risk factor for CVD. Participants identified significant places including where they spent the most time, meaningful places, and healthy and unhealthy places on local maps. Using these maps as a reference, participants described the impact of each location on their CVD risk behaviors. Data were transcribed verbatim and coded using NVivo 12. Results The average age of participants was 63 (SD = 10) and 92% were female. Places participants defined as meaningful and places where they spent the most time included churches and relatives’ homes. Healthy places included gyms and parks. Unhealthy places included fast food restaurants and relatives’ homes where unhealthy food was served. Place influenced CVD risk behaviors in multiple ways including through degree of perceived control over the environment, emotional attachment and loneliness, caretaking responsibilities, social pressures and social support. Conclusions As we seek to improve cardiovascular interventions for rural AA in the American South, it will be important to further assess the effect of significant places beyond place of residence. Strategies which leverage or modify behavioral influences within person-defined significant places may improve the reach and effectiveness of behavioral lifestyle interventions.

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