scholarly journals GENERATION DISPARITIES ON THE PERCEPTION OF SMEs BUSINESS RISKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-48
Author(s):  
Zora Petráková ◽  
Karolina Okręglicka ◽  
Radim Maňák ◽  
Vendula Fialová
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Generation X ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Operational Risks ◽  
Generation Z

This article aims to identify common features, disparities, and consequences in the perception of business risks between generation X, Y, and Z entrepreneurs in the segment of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The empirical part of this research included the dataset of 1585 questionnaires fulfilled by the entrepreneurs from the SME segment from four Central European countries across 2019-2020. The disparities of the perception of business risks were analyzed using Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The research results prove the existence of the significant disparities in the perception of the market, financial, personnel, legal, and operational risks sources by the entrepreneurs from X, Y, and Z generations. Generally, essential disparities are in the perception of business risks between generation X and Z. 61.7% of SMEs from generation X believe that the number of possible requests for the specific products/services has a downward trend. In comparison, only 49.0% of SMEs from generation Z and 45.3% of SMEs from generation Y present the same opinion. The presented research results have the following implications: i. top management of SMEs should improve interpersonal relationships in the workplace; ii. fine-tuning of supporting programs by organizations supporting the business environment in the region of the Visegrad Group; iii. preparation of strategic documents dealing with the quality of the business environment or the training of top SME managers in the case of national policymakers.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCES IN ASSESSING SELLERS' BEHAVIOUR BY THE CUSTOMERS OF BABY BOOM, X, Y AND Z GENERATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Kovaľová ◽  
Zuzana Birknerová ◽  
Miroslav Frankovský ◽  
Eva Benková
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
Main Factor

The role of sellers is changing in a turbulent business environment and only the sellers who provide first class services and approach to them in a responsible way can survive among competitors. Customers perceive it as an added value and have a good feeling from buying. It is just sellers who are becoming the main factor that contributes to the competitiveness of a whole organization. The segmentation of customers into individual generations enables us to better understand their preferences and requirements, it is then possible to predict their tendencies in buying behaviour and thus increasing the success of sales. The main aim of the paper is to present the issue of different assessment of sellers’ behaviour by the customers of the Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y and Generation Z. In connection with these differences, the aim of the research is to identify generational differences in the assessment of manipulative, assertive, stressed and engaged behaviour of sellers, as well as to analyse the determinants that affect the buying behaviour of customers. The research was conducted using a questionnaire method and mathematical-statistical methods on a sample of 207 respondents. The research results confirm the existence of statistically significant differences in assessing the determinants of sellers’ behaviour from the perspective of individual customer generations.

scholarly journals PREFERENCES OF CENTRAL EUROPEAN CONSUMERS IN CIRCULAR ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Judit Olah ◽  
Adriana Tiron Tudor ◽  
Vadim Pashkus ◽  
Genady Alpatov
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Central European ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Contingency Coefficient ◽  
Chi Square Test

Research background: Consumers’ interest in environmental responsibility, sustainable consumption, and the circular economy is significantly increasing in all aspects of their lives. Clothing and fashion are clearly among these aspects. The fashion industry is one of the most resource-intensive and environmentally polluting industries. Circularity has been offered as a solution to this issue; however, the change must be in the attitudes of all concerned (Musova et al., 2021b). Businesses must react to this requirement for sustainable fashion, which is the reason that new circular concepts have been raised. Different generations prefer different models of circularity. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the current study is to detect the existence of dependency between generation and the fashion industry’s circular models, and to identify consumers’ specific preferences. Methods: The original consumer survey was undertaken by the authors in 2021, and involved 513 Slovak and 974 Czech consumers, who responded on their preferences in the circular economy. Pearson’s chi-square test of independence was used to confirm the dependence between consumers’ generation and the circular concept. The significant medium dependence of the nominal variables was confirmed by Pearson’s contingency coefficient, C, and Cramer's V. The relationships between the generation categories of Central European consumers and the categories of the new circular models in the fashion industry were established through correspondence analysis. Findings & Value added: The findings of the study suggest that Baby boomers single out capsule wardrobes, Generation X prefers patchwork and slow fashion, while Millennials prioritise GOTS and SWAP. Finally, Generation Z favours leasing jeans, upcycling, and renting clothes.

scholarly journals Innovations in human resource management: impact of demographic characteristics, quality of interpersonal relationships on counterproductive work behaviours

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Dawid Szostek
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Service Type ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behaviours ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes the selected demographic characteristics as moderators of the impact of the quality of interpersonal relationships at work on counterproductive work behaviours. The main purposes of the research are describing: 1) how interpersonal relationships at work influences the intensity of counterproductive work behaviours; 2) how sex, age, education, length of service and type of job moderate the influence of interpersonal relationships at work on counterproductive work behaviours; 3) how the above-mentioned demographic characteristics influence interpersonal relationships at work and counterproductive work behaviours separately. The studies on the literature indicated that there were no comprehensive research results concerning those problems. The research paper fills a gap in the literature relating to the impact of interpersonal relationships at work on counterproductive work behaviours and the relation to modelling this impact by demographic characteristics of employees (sex, age, education, length of service, type of job). To achieve the study purposes, the author conducted a survey conducted on a sample of 1336 active employees in Poland. The survey period was 2018-2019. The IBM SPSS Statistics and IBM SPSS Amos were used to analyze data. Based on Structural Equation Modelling, it was that:1) interpersonal relationships at work negatively impacted on the intensity of counterproductive work behaviours against another individual; 2) the strength of influence of interpersonal relationships at work on counterproductive work behaviours did not change relevantly in modelling with selected demographic characteristics (sex, age, education, length of service, type of job); 3) only education, current kind of job and service length had a relevant influence on interpersonal relationships at work and counterproductive work behaviours. The research results could be useful for managers. In their activities, managers should systematically monitor interpersonal relationships at work and counterproductive work behaviours taking into account employees' demographic characteristics. In this process, managers should pay particular attention to education, type of current job, and service length.

scholarly journals BARRIERS IN FINANCING MICROENTERPRISES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CZECH AND SLOVAK MICROENTREPRENEURS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Civelek ◽  
Aleksandr Ključnikov ◽  
Peter Krištofík ◽  
Zoltán Rozsa
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation Index ◽  
Rejection Rates

This paper compares how Czech and Slovak microentrepreneurs perceive the volume and ease of access to finance that they face. Having an adequate number of sources of finance and easier access to them can help improve both enterprise and country performance. Chi-square and Z score tests for population proportions were used to test hypotheses. 740 microenterprises from Czech Republic and 287 microenterprises from Slovakia were included for the analyses that were performed by this study. The results show that Czech microentrepreneurs feel they have more sources of finance and have easier access to them than their Slovak counterparts. These differences may in part be linked to other factors such as the experience and age of microentrepreneurs and micro-firms, amount of business loans and microfinancing organizations, credit interest rates and credit rejection rates, the relative degree of economic freedom, the volume of government guarantees, relative GDP levels, the quality of business environment and ease of doing business. Additionally, The Moran’s I spatial autocorrelation index was performed to evaluate influence of location on the perception of Czech and Slovak microenterprises that were located in different regions of both countries. The paper also discusses the results’ policy implications for governments and financial institutions.

scholarly journals Decision-making process of tomatoes purchase by generation Z: case study in the Slovak Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Michaela Šugrova ◽  
Marek Plachy ◽  
Ľudmila Nagyova ◽  
Jozef Šumichrast
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Scientific Hypotheses

The paper aims to investigate and assess the decision-making process of young Slovak consumers – generation Z – in the purchase of tomatoes. The respondents participatet in a questionnaire survey and blind testing of four tomato samples (two samples were Slovak and another two were foreign tomatoes). For a deeper analysis of the collected data, five scientific hypotheses were formulated. The accuracy of provided hypotheses was verified using the following mathematical-statistical methods: Chi-Square test of independence, Mann-Whitney U-test, and as Chi test for equality of proportions between two samples. The research results show that generation Z buys tomatoes once a week or several times a month. Moreover, it was found out that most young consumers are mostly influenced by freshness, taste, quality of tomatoes, and general appearance, the least by packaging, brand/specific tomato grower, information on the packaging and references. According to all observed attributes within the blind testing of tomato by the respondents, the best-evaluated sample was the Slovak sample of tomatoes – the sample B. Subsequently, all respondents were provided with information about the tested tomatoes, and it can be stated that they would also actually buy Slovak sample B in the store. Finally, one can state that the higher price of this sample has no significant impact on the respondents of generation Z.

scholarly journals Status of Use of the Skin Care Room According to the Perception of Social Risks Caused by Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1377-1389
Author(s):  
Jeonghee Nam ◽  
Minshin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
Program Analysis ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Social

This study sought to understand the actual status of skin care offices due to the recognition of social risks caused by Corona 19. The survey was conducted on X, M, and Z generation women using the SPSS WIN 25.0 program. Analysis techniques performed frequency and percentage, χ2 (Chi-square) verification and frequency analysis, One-way ANOVA, T-test, Correlation, and Regression. The results of the study are as follows. First, generation Z was the most common among 386 people, followed by generation M and generation X. Second, Generation X showed the most interest in skin care. Third, women perceive the social risk of coronavirus as high. Fourth, it was found that the skin care center was used a lot before Corona 19, and after Corona 19, the skin care center was not used due to the anxiety of the coronavirus infection. Fifth, if the situation stabilizes after the end of the corona 19, it is highly willing to use the skin care office. Therefore, we hope that this study will be used as a basic data for preparing alternatives to revitalizing the skin care center.

scholarly journals Dual quality of products: myths and facts through the opinions of millennial consumers

2021 ◽  
pp. 236-252
Author(s):  
Lucia Bartkova ◽  
Lenka Veselovska ◽  
Marianna Sramkova ◽  
Jan Zavadsky
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Quality Of Products

The paper focuses on the dual quality of daily consumption products through the lens of the Millennial generation. According to the literature sources, Millennials are a generation of people that would become the main purchasing power in a few years. There are many diverse opinions on dual quality. Few are based on actual evidence, making it hard for regular consumers to differentiate between what is real and what is made up. This research study aims to sort out the myths and facts concerning the dual quality of daily consumption products utilizing the Millennial customers as a subject of research and information sources. Investigating the topic of dual quality revealed that the greatest attention was allocated to product testing and proved that dual quality existed. In Slovakia, however, there was a lack of research on consumer opinions on this topic. Therefore, the results of this study examining the Millennials' views on dual quality are unique. The empirical research was carried out in the years 2019 - 2020 on a sample of 987 respondents. From them, 395 consumers were selected who met the Millennial generation's characteristics in terms of age. The methodological tools of the research were the Binomial test, Multivariate Regression Analysis and the Chi-square test. As the research results show, the dual quality is most commonly observed by the Millennials with higher incomes and living in smaller settlements. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that Millennials consider dual quality to be the most ethical issue. Based on empirical research results, the paper presents suggestions for companies on how to manage the production and supply of products to different European Union countries without breaking the rules and aggravating the consumers. The proposals are based on current EU legislation and are formulated according to the authors' empirical research results.

scholarly journals KECEMASAN, KEPATUHAN DAN KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Huriani ◽  
Elvia Donny Harida ◽  
Feri Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Objective:  to identify anxiety and compliance relationships with quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.Methods:  The research applied cross sectional design with 66 respondents. Analysis of research results using Chi-Square with a degree of significance p≤0,05.Results:  The results showed a significant relationship between anxiety and compliance with patient's quality of life.Conclusion:  It is important to optimize nursing care for anxiety that aims to improve the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease.

scholarly journals The Quality of Interpersonal Relationships at Work. A Comparison of the Private and Public Sector in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-402
Author(s):  
Dawid Szostek
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Private And Public

Abstract Research Background: This article compares the private and public sector by the quality of interpersonal relationships between employees. Available publications indicate some differences in this quality between each of these sectors. However, there are no comprehensive empirical studies in this area. Purpose: The author set two objectives: 1) to identify possible differences in the interpersonal relationships at work between the private and public sector, 2) to evaluate the quality of interpersonal relationships at work in the private and public sector in Poland. Research methodology: To achieve the objectives the author used the results of a survey conducted in 2018 on a sample of 1,336 active workers in Poland. Results: An analysis of the results made it possible to achieve both objectives. It has been confirmed that the quality of interpersonal relationships at work differ between the private and public sector (the quality was higher in the private sector). The Author also evaluated the quality of interpersonal relationships at work in the private and public sector in Poland. Novelty: The presented research results are novel, because it has been confirmed, that the quality of interpersonal relationships at work differ between the private and public sector.

scholarly journals Comparing Fishermen Quality of Life Based on Their Expectation Toward Maslow’s Hierarchical Needs Priority

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Mayta Secandina Putri
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Good Predictor ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
T Test ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Surprising Finding

This study is aimed at finding out whether fishermen quality of life would differ if their expectation toward hierarchical needs such as physiological, safety, love belonging, self esteem, and self-actualization, differ also based on they put differently as priority. A survey method used by involving 73 fishermen as a sample. Two instruments were measuring quality of life and Maslow’s Needs. Instruments reliability are high and data analysed by correlational analysis, chi square, and verify by applying F and t-test. Research results show that around 80% of fishermen put physiological needs as the most priority, but not followed by safety need. It has been followed by love belonging as second priority, then safety, self-esteem, finally self-actualization. It is also found that there is no significant differences of quality of life between fishermen expectation, whether they put needs as priority or not. It could be concluded that fishermen expectation toward their needs can not be used in analysing the effect of needs on quality of life and needs are not a good predictor as well. The surprising finding is that fishermen from this area put belonging as a second hierarchy.

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