scholarly journals The Concept of Scientific Worldview in the Russian Philosophy of the First Quarter of the 20th Century (Based on the Works by V.I. Vernadsky and L.M. Lopatin)

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Il’ya V. Demin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Special Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Worldview ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Methodology Of Science

This article analyses the concept of scientific worldview in the Russian philosophical journalism of the first quarter of the 20th century. It examines and compares the interpretations of scientific worldview in the works by V.I. Vernadsky and L.M. Lopatin. Both philosophers distanced themselves from the positivist model of scientific knowledge; however, Lopatin was able to identify certain elements of positivism in Vernadsky’s ideas on the relationship between philosophy and science. It should be noted that Lopatin left unchanged the juxtaposition of metaphysics and positivism. The definitions of scientific worldview given by the two Russian philosophers are tautological, being reduced to the following: scientific worldview is a set of ideas about the world shared by the majority of scientists of a particular era. Vernadsky and Lopatin used the term scientific worldview as a synonym for the concepts of science, scientific knowledge, scientific thinking, and scientific way of comprehending the world, without attributing any additional meaning to it. The dispute over scientific worldview is actually a dispute about the metaphysical origins, foundations and prerequisites of scientific knowledge as such. The expression scientific worldview (when it implies an organized conceptual unity and not just a set of conclusions in special sciences) indicates no more than one or another metaphysical system and the principle (or set of principles) of thinking that determines it. Thus, the concept of scientific worldview in the works by Vernadsky and Lopatin expresses a vain pursuit to preserve the conceptual unity of philosophical and scientific knowledge, without dissolving philosophy in the theory and methodology of science.

LEXICO-SEMANTIC AND STYLISTIC IMPLEMENTATION OF THE VALUES IN ADMINISTRATIVE DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
YANKINA ELENA V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Fundamental Categories ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
The Relationship

This article is devoted to identifying and describing the main lexical-semantic and stylistic ways of implementing the values in dialogical communication of the basic pair "manager-subordinate". The paper describes the fundamental categories of axiology "value" and "evaluation", also shows the relationship between values and evaluation. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the anthropocentric approach of modern linguistic research, as well as by the existing need to supplement with one more descriptive fragment of the world value picture with the linguistic analysis of the actualized values in administrative discourse. The identification of the main lexical-semantic and stylistic ways of implementing values is carried out on the basis of dialogical communication between the manager and subordinates, examples of which are taken from the colloquial speech, as well as Russian fiction of the second half of the 20th century. In the study the author concludes that in the administrative discourse, values as well as anti-values (as opposition) are lexically actualized by means of certain nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, and also adverbs. As for the stylistic ways of actualizing values, we include interrogative, exclamatory sentences, anaphora, and imperative among them.

Energy Efficiency of Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rational Decisions

Energy Efficiency of Vehicles educates readers about energy and the environment and the relationship between the energy we use and the environment. The world is at a point in time when people need to make very important decisions about energy in the next few decades. This book enables readers to utilize our scientific knowledge to make good rational decisions. Energy Efficiency of Vehicles provides information on: Calculations related to energy, power, and efficiency, and the impact of using different types of energy on the environment. Environmental consequences of consuming energy. Models related to impact of city driving on the energy efficiency and fuel economy of cars and trucks.

scholarly journals Rethinking the message of the church in the 21st century: An amalgamation between science and religion

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk G. Van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Theological Training

Throughout its history, Christianity has stood in a dichotomous relation to the various philosophical movements or eras (pre-modernism, modernism, postmodernism and post-postmodernism) that took on different faces throughout history. In each period, it was the sciences that influenced, to a great extent, the interpretation and understanding of the Bible. Christianity, however, was not immune to influences, specifically those of the Western world. This essay reflects briefly on this dichotomy and the influence of Bultmann’s demythologising of the kerygma during the 20th century. Also, the remythologising (Vanhoozer) of the church’s message as proposed for the 21st century no more satisfies the critical Christian thinkers. The relationship between science and religion is revisited, albeit from a different perspective as established over the past two decades as to how the sciences have been pointed out more and more to complement theology. This article endeavours to evoke the church to consider the fundamental contributions of the sciences and how it is going to incorporate the sciences into its theological training and message to the world.

Are the religious suspicious of science? Investigating religiosity, religious context, and orientations towards science

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 967-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Chan
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Scientific Authority ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Are the religious suspicious of science? Drawing on data from 52 nations in the World Values Survey (wave 6) ( N = 58,474), I utilize multilevel models to examine the relationship between religiosity, religious context, and five different orientations towards science: confidence in science, trust in scientific authority under conditions of conflict with religion, faith in science, views on the moral effects of science, and interest in scientific knowledge. Results show that while religiosity is on average negatively associated with the five outcomes, the relationship between religiosity and orientations towards science varies by country such that religiosity is sometimes positively associated with the different outcomes. Religiosity is only consistently negatively associated with trust in scientific authority in all countries and with all orientations towards science in western countries. Finally, differences in orientations towards science also exist across country religious contexts, with countries dominated by the unaffiliated having more positive orientations towards science.

scholarly journals The world population and its expected future evolution

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Prášilová ◽  
Pavla Hošková
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
World Population ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Smoothing Methods ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Adaptive Procedures ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Population Numbers

Population numbers on Planet Earth grow steadily. The most rapid increase took place over the 20th century when the number of world population rose from 1.6 billion up to 6 billion. Demographic revolution affect the process of changes. The paper has paid attention to the relationship between natality and mortality in various parts of the world. It indicates the differing behaviour in the African countries where the demographic revolution has not been finished so far. Population numbers on the Planet Earth are being forecast for 2050 applying the exponential smoothing methods. The outcomes of statistical procedures are being compared with the UN prognoses and they do not indicate large differences in confidence intervals predictions. The adaptive procedures selected have been found suitable and satisfying for the population numbers forecasting purposes. Most rapidly the population of Africa numbers will grow until 2050, the number of Europeans will cover 7.55 % of the world population only.

scholarly journals THE USE OF PRACTICAL METHODS IN THE STUDY OF THE SUBJECT “NATURAL SCIENCE PICTURE OF THE WORLD” BY HUMANITIES STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Зоя Алексеевна Скрипко
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Humanities Students ◽  
Scientific Worldview ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
The Relationship

Обсуждается значение предмета «Естественно-научная картина мира» для студентов гуманитарных факультетов, основной задачей которого является формирование естественно-научного мировоззрения. Приводятся наиболее эффективные и научно обоснованные практические методы и подходы, дополняющие лекционный курс и повышающие степень самостоятельной работы студентов-гуманитариев. Использование предложенных методов позволяет определить степень сформированности общекультурных компетенций у студентов. Учитывая гуманитарную направленность студентов, можно предположить, что одним из эффективных методов практических самостоятельных работ является структурирование изучаемого материала путем составления интегративных таблиц, в которых систематизированы естественно-научные знания по определенным разделам, соответствующим изучаемому материалу. Одновременно с этим приводятся наиболее известные культурно-исторические события, относящиеся к данному периоду времени. Использование интегративных таблиц помогает формировать мировоззрение, основанное на понимании связей между природой, человеком, его идеями и развитием человеческой цивилизации. Обращается внимание на специфику лабораторных работ для студентов-гуманитариев. The importance of the subject “Natural Science Picture of the World” is discussed for students of humanitarian faculties, the main task of which is the formation of a natural science worldview. Given the psychophysiological characteristics of humanities students, practical training methods are proposed for the successful formation of a scientific worldview. The most effective and scientifically based practical methods and approaches are given that complement the lecture course and increase the degree of students’ independent work. Using the proposed methods allows us to determine the degree of formation of general cultural competencies among students. Given the humanitarian orientation of students, it can be assumed that one of the effective methods of practical independent work is the structuring of the material studied by compiling integrative tables. Turning to integrative tables, which systematize natural science knowledge in certain sections corresponding to the material being studied, at the same time, the most famous cultural and historical events related to this period of time are given, students have an increase in the relationship between objects, complex systemic laws occur in the process of integrating knowledge. The use of integrative tables helps to form a worldview based on an understanding of the connections between nature, man, his ideas and the development of human civilization. Also, attention is paid to the specifics of laboratory work for humanities students.

scholarly journals Reflections on globalization processes in geopolitical thought since the second half of the 20th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 10006
Author(s):  
Robert štok ◽  
Irina Kozárová
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Relationship

Research background: Geopolitical thought at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries was among the first to accentuate a global dimension of international politics. It stagnated in the context of WWII, however, the adoption of geopolitical approaches in U.S. foreign policy concepts contributed to its revival during the Cold War and its rapid development in the 1990s because of the need to address the changes in the power-political and spatial-political structures of the world. The relationship between geopolitical thought and globalization, however, remains controversial. In academic literature, geopolitics and globalization are perceived either as compatible or as incompatible phenomena. Purpose of the article: The paper aims to outline how geopolitical thought has reflected the development of globalization processes and how it has changed with this development since the 2nd half of the 20th century. Methods: Analytical-synthetic and historical-comparative methods are used for the study of globalization development and content analysis and comparative methods are employed to map the development of geopolitical thought and its reflection of globalization. Findings & Value added: The development, direction and consequences of globalization have been reflected in geopolitical thought mainly since the 1990s. As a result, new trends in geopolitical thought have been established; apart from the changes in the power-spatial and political-spatial structures of the world studied by classical geopolitical thought, they also reflect the relationship between global and local, an acceleration in contradictory processes in the world caused by economic, cultural, demographic, information and other factors of spatial control.

scholarly journals The term «Concept»

2020 ◽  
pp. 236-243
Author(s):  
Zh. M. Kakulya ◽  
D. D. Jantassova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
The World ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In recent years in the humanitarian field of scientific knowledge more and more attention has been paid to the relationship of language and culture, language and national mentality, language and national consciousness. In this connection, the object of study, the approaches and methods of describing and studying language are being reinterpreted. Researches pay more and more attention to such a category as a concept. Despite a widespread use of this concept in the field of scientific research, the term «concept» itself has not yet received an unambiguous interpretation. And this is due to the fact that researchers representing various branches of scientific knowledge, single out and consider decisive various features of this object. At present it should be recognized that it is a concept that is the key of cognitive linguistics. However, despite the fact that a concept can be considered established for modern cognitive science, the content of this concept varies significantly in the conceptions of various scientific schools and individual scientists. The fact is that a concept is a category of thinking that is not observable, and this gives a lot of room for its interpretation. Today the category of a concept appears in the studies of philosophers, logicians, psychologists, and cultural scientists, and it bears the traces of all these extra-linguistic interpretations. This term, although firmly established in modern linguistics, does not still have a single definition, although many well-known scholars are fruitfully studying a concept: N. D. Arutyunova, A. P. Babushkin, A. Vezhbitskaya, E. S. Kubryakova, S. E. Nikitina, V. N. Telia, R. M. Frumkin and others. Thus, it can be stated that the term of a concept in linguistics is both old and new at the same time. Back in 1928 famous scientist S. A. Askoldov published the article «Concept and Word», but until the middle of the last century, a concept was not perceived as a term in scientific literature. A concept is a cultural phenomenon of storing, developing and accumulating information, perhaps its universal definition is the shortest logical characteristic: a concept is a constructive concept of storing and accumulating information in the linguistic picture of the world. Thus, concepts represent the world in the head of a person, forming a conceptual system, and the signs of the human language encode the content of this system in a word.

EXPRESSÕES LITERÁRIAS DO REENCANTAMENTO DO MUNDO: PROMETHEA DE ALAN MOORE "Literary expressions of the re-enchantment of the world: Alan Moore’s Promethea"

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ramalho de Sá Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Literature And Religion ◽  
The World ◽  
Alan Moore ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Support Research

Esse artigo tem como temática central a relação entre literatura e religião, especificamente a literatura das histórias em quadrinhos, também conhecidas como HQs, e o ocultismo contemporâneo, um agente do reencantamento do mundo, sendo esse uma crítica e produto da modernidade, o qual promove o retorno ou popularização da magia. Dessa forma, o objetivo da pesquisa é analisar a HQ Promethea, de Alan Moore, publicada em 1999, e que aborda o ocultismo de forma didática, assim, busca-se identificar quais são os elementos do ocultismo na obra e como estes e a própria HQ de Moore se inserem no processo de reencantamento do mundo. Como metodologia, o trabalho faz uso de pesquisa bibliográfica e a forma de abordagem é qualitativa em função das características do tema estudado (crenças, valores, atitudes). O marco teórico conceitual utilizado para fundamentar a pesquisa é a sociologia da religião. Constata-se entre os elementos ocultistas abordados em Promethea a magia cerimonial, a astrologia, o tarô, a cabala hermética e a goécia. E as características do reencantamento do mundo presentes na obra, entre outras, são a revalorização dos elementos não racionais da vida, como a imaginação; o resgate de crenças e práticas pré-modernas, como a própria magia; a racionalização e “psicologização” desta; e uma dialética entre o conhecimento científico e o pensamento mágico.Palavras-chave: Magia. Ocultismo. Literatura.AbstractThis paper has as its central theme the relationship between literature and religion, specifically the literature of comics and contemporary occultism, an agent of the re-enchantment of the world, the latter is a product and critique of modernity which promotes the return or popularization of magic. Thus, this research intends to analyze Alan Moore’s comic, Promethea, published in 1999, which addresses the occult didactically, thus, the paper seeks to identify those elements of occultism and how they and the comic fit into the process of re-enchantment of the world. As methodology, the work makes use of bibliographic research and the approach is qualitative based on the characteristics of the studied subject (beliefs, values, attitudes). The theoretical and conceptual framework used to support research is the sociology of religion. It appears among occult elements addressed in Promethea ceremonial magic, astrology, tarot, Hermetic Qabalah and the Goetia. And the characteristics of the re-enchantment of the world in the present work, among others, are the revaluation of non-rational elements of life such as the imagination; redemption of pre-modern beliefs and practices, such as magic itself; rationalization and "psychologization" of magic; and a dialectic between scientific knowledge and magical thinking.Keywords: Magic. Occultism. Literature. 

The Age of Enlightenment in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Teresa Obolevitch
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment ◽  
Science And Theology ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 2 tackles the relationship between science and religion in the eighteenth century known as the Age of Enlightenment. The state policy of Westernization which was promoted chiefly by Peter I and Catherine II caused an immensely expansive spread of scientific knowledge and, in consequence, resulted in the first attempts to establish a relationship between science and theology. The chapter analyses this problem from both scientific and theological perspectives. First of all, in the eighteenth century the Russian Academy of Sciences was opened and Russian philosophy at that time tried to interpret scientific data in accordance with theological truths. Yet, on the other hand, a number of Orthodox theologians highlighted the limitation of scientific knowledge. This chapter analyzes the thought of Michael Lomonosov, Gregory Skovoroda, Theophan Prokopovich, and others representatives of the Russian Age of Enlightenment.

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