Derivation as a Source of Medical Terminology Formation

2019 ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
Nataliia Misnyk
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Clinical Terminology ◽  
The Creation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Medical Concepts ◽  
Clear Description ◽  
Terminology System

The article is devoted to the specificity of the derivation in the field of medical terminology. Among the traditional methods of term formation, morphological (in particular its variants – affixation and composition of words and bases) is the most active. In terminological derivation in the field of clinical medicine, several trends have been identified, the main of which are: the formation of its own terminological fund of word-formation means, the close interaction of national and international components, the high degree of regularity in the formal-linguistic design, which is explained by the international nature of formants and their regular communication with a certain word-making way. Recently, more and more attention is paid to its own word-building resources. It is possible to predict that modern terminology in the field of clinical medicine will deepen this tendency by involving international elements in the creation of terms and using already used for the expansion of the terminological fund of medical science. It is important to study derivation in terms of structural standardization of terms. An analysis of word-formation meanings and their means of expression make it possible, in our opinion, to streamline and generalize the types of relationships that we observe in the terminology field “clinical terminology”. The study of the affixation of a fund of medical-clinical terminology has given grounds for arguing that suffixal and prefixal morphemes largely determine the specifics of clinical terminology, which enable a clear description of certain medical concepts, phenomena, and activity in the creation of new terms. This method provides the possibility of using the same type of word formation, which contributes to the structural systematization of the terminology system.

scholarly journals Names for Actors in the Medical Field in the 1920 Issues of Medicina, the First Medical Magazine in Independent Lithuania

Lituanistica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Palmira Zemlevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Medical Information ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Medical Theory ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Military

The article deals with the names referring to persons engaged in medicine and related sciences as used in the 1920 issues of Medicina, a medical theory and practice magazine of independent Lithuania. The author identifies their meanings and typical groups, discusses their composition and characteristics, and, to some extent, touches upon the matters of their structure and origin. The names of the actors in the medical field carry a high degree of semantic diversity and fall into four identifiable core groups: (1) the names of persons administering treatment, (2) the names of medical training persons, (3) the names of pharmacy persons, and (4) the names of persons undergoing treatment. Within these groups, names further branch off into subgroups based on a set of different, often individual aspects. Still, there are several frequently occurring aspects that should be distinguished: these are the aspects of college medical education, the connection with the military, and the qualifying degree. Although all names of these actors in the medical field are covered by the overarching seme of medicine, they all vary in differential semes. In terms of word formation, the prevailing names for the actors in the medical field are compound words with their key components mostly deriving from Lithuanian terms. Obviously, the prevalence of compounds is the outcome of the need to name different persons associated with medical science and practice, as well as patients, something that cannot be done with single-word terms. Today, many think of a scientific text as one defined by an abundance of foreign terms. The subject source of the names for the actors in the medical field is a science magazine, yet most of the names are of Lithuanian origin. Many of them are suffixal derivatives: gydytojas ‘physician’, mokovas ‘expert’, slaugytojas ‘nurse’, pribuvėja ‘midwife’, seselė ‘sister’, vaistininkas ‘pharmacist’, ligonis ‘a sick person’, džiovininkas ‘a consumptive’, etc. Loanwords are dominated by words of Latin (daktaras ‘doctor’, medikas ‘medic’, pacientas ‘patient’, provizorius ‘pharmaceutical chemist’, sanitaras (‘orderly’), etc.) and Greek (anatomas ‘anatomist’, chirurgas ‘surgeon’, fiziologas ‘physiologist’, terapeutas ‘therapist’, etc.) origin. Hybrids are not very common and usually have a borrowed root and a Lithuanian suffix (stipendininkas ‘scholar’, farmacininkas ‘pharmacist’, venerininkas ‘a male with a venereal disease’, kretinaitė ‘a female with cretinism’, and so on). Conformity with the terminological criterion can mostly be observed in the names of persons administering treatment, whereas a number of the names of persons undergoing treatment are not very terminological due to them being expressed by substantival adjectives and, typically, participles (apsikrėtusysis ‘one who has caught a disease’, pažeistasis ‘(the) affected’, sergantysis ‘(the) sick’, sveikasis ‘(the) healthy’, etc.), or descriptive word combinations (akių liga sergantysis ‘one with an eye disease’, grįžtamąja šiltine sergantysis (‘one with recurrent typhus’, etc.). In addition to linguistic and terminological evidence, the names of actors in the medical field convey a certain amount of subject-related (medical) information. Their meanings provide insight into the medical situation in Lithuania in 1920, practitioners, the most common illnesses of the period, and so on.

scholarly journals Latin clinical veterinary terminology: word-formation, lexical-semantic and syntactic aspects

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (86) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Karbovnik
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Building Models ◽  
The Status ◽  
Clinical Terminology ◽  
Terminology System

The article is devoted to the research of the Latin medical-veterinary clinical terminology system – one of the subsystems of general medical-veterinary terminology. The ways of formation of the Latin Sublanguage of clinical veterinary medicine are analyzed, sources of its replenishment are determined; It was discovered that most of the terms are composed using terms of Greek-Latin origin, which is a decisive trend in the development of the terminology of veterinary medicine and in our time.It is investigated that for the modern terminological word formation of clinical veterinary vocabulary all main methods are typical, by means of which the vocabulary of the veterinary doctor is replenished: semantical, syntactical, morphological. In the article a word-formation, lexical-semantic and syntactical analysis of the Latin clinical veterinary terminology was made for the first time; the main word-building models are described, the derivation processes, word-formation fortresses of the Latin clinical veterinary terms are described and the complex of methods of their word-formation are analyzed;defined the status and semantic characteristics of formants– components of the term; the lexical-semantic features of the studied terminology are revealed; attention was paid to etymology, the phenomenon of derivation and the most productive affixes and term elements in the structure of one-word clinical veterinary terms.The systematization of term elements according to thematic groups that are in a certain lexical-semantic relationship is carried out, namely: termelements, which denote the names of sciences, treatment, methods of diagnostic examination, surgical techniques; word-formation elements for the designation of organs of animals and tissues; therapeutic methods, names of pathological changes of organs and tissues; term elements that denote various physical properties, quality, color, size; word-formation elements to denote functional changes, processes, and states.The attention is paid to the morphological and syntactical structure of single, dual, and verbose clinical terms with different types of definitions. We consider one of the most important tasks of modern linguistics - not only to fix, study and analyze lexical-semantic innovation processes in terminology, but also codify the terminology system itself. Therefore, one of the priority directions of terminological work in the field of veterinary medicine at the present stage is the normalization of clinical terminology, that is, the revision of the terminology system in accordance with the conceptual basis and norms of the Latin and Ukrainian scientific languages. As the most important aspect, we consider the development of a single concept of terminology, which uses the experience and positive achievements of scientists of different generations.Provision of linguistic normative terms should take place at all levels – both conceptual and actual language – phonetic, orthoepic, spelling, lexical-semantic, word-building, morphological, syntactical.

Anatomical Terms in Jurgis Žilinskas’ Short Textbook of Osteology and Syndesmology

2021 ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
Nijolė Litevkienė ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Greek Language ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Anatomical Terminology ◽  
Current State ◽  
Medical Terms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Terminology ◽  
Medical Concepts ◽  
Rich History

Medical terminology has an extensive and rich history in Latin and Greek languages. When Romans conquered Greece, the knowledge and language of both cultures merged, resulting in new medical concepts regarding disease treatment and containment. Medical records were chronicled by hand, creating medical terms and books. Although medical terms have been drawn from many languages, a large majority originate from Greek and Latin. Terms of Greek origin occur mainly in clinical terminology, while Latin terms make up the majority of anatomical terminology. Another reason for a large number of Greek medical terms is that the Greek language is quite suitable for building compound words. The article discusses the current state of anatomical terminology in Lithuania. The history of the Lithuanian nomenclature of anatomy dates back several centuries, during which the most frequently used Lithuanian anatomical terms were gradually developed. Every time, writing and publishing textbooks, methodological aids, and other anatomy books in the Lithuanian language, the authors interpreted various Latin anatomy terms in their own way and introduced new equivalents in the Lithuanian language. However, they often did not agree on the translation of various Latin terms into Lithuanian and their application to define various structures. The development and perfection of medical terminology is a long process. The most significant contribution in regulating Lithuanian anatomical terminology was made by Jurgis Žilinskas. The terms that we currently use can be found in his textbooks “Osteologija ir syndesmologija” (“Osteology and syndesmology”) (1932) and “Splanchnologija” (“Splanchnology”) (1934) (Litevkiene, Korosteliova 2012, 208). He initiated term regulation in his first textbook, “Lectures of Neurology” (1923), containing only Latin terms, well-formed according to Baseler’s nomenclature. The nomenclature of anatomy compiled by him was applied in other anatomy textbooks and the Dictionary of Medical Terms.

Sociological term as a unit of branch terminology

2019 ◽  
pp. 220-228
Author(s):  
Volodymdyr Chumak ◽  
Yaroslava Syniehub
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Hierarchical Relations ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Terminology System

The article attempts to analyze the sociological term as a unit of the branch terminology. Emphasizing the basic classification features of the sociological term unit, establishing hierarchical relations between terms and multi-compound terms, defining the structural and semantic specifics of the Ukrainian sociological terminology system, the authors come to the conclusion about the important role of the studied terminology in the formation and functioning of the Ukrainian literary language. According to our research, extralinguistic factors play an important role in the formation of the Ukrainian sociological terminology and the ordering of the terminology units: the emergence of a certain field of knowledge, the time of its appearance, which actualizes the need to determine the source of the basic terminological vocabulary, the basic models of the creation of terms, and others. Getting used to the designation of the corresponding scientific concept, the sociological term is characterized by a number of differential features, among which the main ones are: nominacy, definition, the designation of systemic relations and relationships within the sociological terminology system, adjacent branch terminology systems and commonly used vocabulary, the motivation that is realized in three types that correspond to the three main methods of terminological word-formation (morphological, syntactic, and semantic), and others.

scholarly journals Types of Compound Word-Formation in Medical Terminology (On the Material of the German Language)

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Marina Nosacheva ◽  
Nataliya Danilina
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Compound Word ◽  
German Language ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Accurate Comparison ◽  
Clinical Terminology ◽  
Mixed Types

The aim of the study is to optimize the classification of the types of the compound word-building with components of Greek and Latin origin; the research is based on the sample of 2882 substantive compound terms of the German clinical terminology. The researches apply the descriptive analytical and quantitative methods to the study. It is stated, that the words with complex morphemic structures can be formed by composite and non-composite types of word-building. The paper presents the complex classification of different ways of the compound word-formation considering following criteria: the type and the base of the word-formation process (morphological and morphological-and-syntactic ways of the compound word-formation), the number of the word-building processes, taking place within the compound word-formation (pure and mixed types of the compound word-formation). The analysis of the material reveals the dominance of the morphological compound word-building. In the medical terminology the following subtypes of the compound word-formation are distinguished: stem + terminological element, term + term, stem + term, with the latter two to be the most productive.The use of terminological units as structural elements of compounds and their employment in classification allows to avoid excessive extension of stock of morphemes used in the so-called intermediate zone. Further arrangement of word-building patterns is carried out according to the genetic criterion. In German clinical terminology the dominance of hybrid terms with German components has been established; among homogeneous compounds the terms consisting of Greek rather than Latin or German components are more widely represented. The proposed classifications are applicable to the material of medical terminologies in other languages and enable their accurate comparison.

Towards Systematization

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Reichertz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
Target System ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Methodology Development ◽  
Planning Development

Data processing has become an important tool in theoretical and clinical medicine. The main categories of applications are : information analysis, (bio)signal processing and the field of information logistics (information systems).The problems encountered lie in the discrepancy of the basic methods of a formal approach to an empirical science, the complexity of the target system and the system ecology, i.e. the involvement of the user and the system environment during system construction and utilization.Possible solutions to these problems are the application of system techniques, inductive planning, development of medical methodology, development of methods and techniques for user involvement and assessment of motivation and education and educational planning.The necessary general strategy in the development in medical informatics is seen in the continuing systematization of the theoretical and practical approach. It is estimated that this will eventually contribute to the systematization of medical science and practice.

MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF AVIATION TERMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Ra`no Ergashova ◽  
◽  
Nilufar Yuldosheva
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Terminology System

The creation, regulation, lexical and grammatical research and interpretation of the system of terms in the field of aviation in the world linguistics terminology system are one of the specific directions of terminology. Research on specific features is an important factor in ensuring the development of the industry. This article discusses morphological structure of aviation terms. The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of aviation terms in the morphology of the Uzbek language and its definition.

Current Progress in Biomedical Applications of Chitosan-Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 1619-1632
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pieklarz ◽  
Michał Tylman ◽  
Zofia Modrzejewska
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
New Generation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Dressing Materials

The currently observed development of medical science results from the constant search for innovative solutions to improve the health and quality of life of patients. Particular attention is focused on the design of a new generation of materials with a high degree of biocompatibility and tolerance towards the immune system. In addition, apart from biotolerance, it is important to ensure appropriate mechanical and technological properties of materials intended for intra-body applications. Knowledge of the above parameters becomes the basis for considerations related to the possibilities of choosing the appropriate polymer materials. The researchers' interest, as evidenced by the number of available publications, is attracted by nanobiocomposites based on chitosan and carbon nanotubes, which, due to their properties, enable integration with the tissues of the human body. Nanosystems can be used in many areas of medicine. They constitute an excellent base for use as dressing materials, as they exhibit antimicrobial properties. In addition, they can be carriers of drugs and biological macromolecules and can be used in gene therapy, tissue engineering, and construction of biosensors. For this reason, potential application areas of chitosan-carbon nanotube nanocomposites in medical sciences are presented in this publication, considering the characteristics of the system components.

scholarly journals The legality of Artificial sex change in Islamic perspective

rahatulquloob ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhammad Yaseen ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Sex Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sex Reassignment Surgery ◽  
Sex Reassignment ◽  
Corrective Surgery ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
The People ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Religious Aspects

Humans and diseases are related to each other since the creation. With the passage of time, humans were able to overcome different diseases. But still, they could not find out the solution for those people who were born in wrong bodies. The progress of medical science ultimately enabled them to restore their originality through corrective surgery or sex reassignment surgery. But soon this was also misused like the other researches by opportunists. The people who were healthy and have developed sexual organs got their sex change artificially without knowing the religious aspects. This article will highlight the Islamic aspects of artificial sex change surgery.

scholarly journals Possibilities of using allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells and wound dressings based on aliphatic copolyamide in microautodermoplasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Vasily A. Gordienko ◽  
Evgenii V. Zinoviev ◽  
Denis V. Kostyakov ◽  
Marat S. Asadulaev ◽  
Anton S. Shabunin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Healing Index ◽  
Treatment Of Wounds

Background. The treatment of victims with wound defects is an urgent problem of clinical medicine that doctors of various specialties, mainly surgeons and traumatologists, must face. Regardless of the etiology of the traumatic agent, the wound process is always subjected to fundamental pathophysiological processes. Despite the advances made by medical science in the local treatment of wounds (cell technology, modern wound coverings, and others), surgical procedures remain the main methods, and the search for new techniques to optimize reparative regeneration continues. This ongoing search indicates the absence of a universal algorithm for treating such defects. This lack of a universal treatment algorithm is of particular importance for assisting victims with extensive defects, which often leads to a shortage of donor resources. Aim. The aim of this study was to increase the efficiency of microautodermoplasty due to the use of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells and wound dressings based on aliphatic copolyamide. Materials and methods. This paper presents the results of an experimental study involving 50 rats. All animals were divided into groups considering the choice of the method of the local treatment. The experimental wound was modeled according to its original technique. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the analyzed methods was performed using planimetric and histological research methods, and by calculating the healing index. Results. The most effective methods for treating experimental wounds using microautodermoplasty (MADP) are wound dressings based on aliphatic copolyamide (CoPA) and adipogenic mesenchymal stem cells (AMSC). By 28 days of treatment after performing MADP + CoPA wound dressings + AMSC, it was possible to reduce the defect area by 16 times compared with the control, and the healing index was the maximum value among all methods 12.5 units. The high regenerative potential was also confirmed by the results of the histological examination. The worst results were found in the MADP group with AMSK that did not cover the wounds with skin or wound dressing. Conclusion. The introduction of the analyzed methods into clinical practice will improve the results of treatment of patients with wound defects of various etiologies.

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