Breast milk IgA levels as a possible index to predict the onset of sepsis in infants in Kaduna State, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
E. E. Ella ◽  
A. A. Ahmad ◽  
V. J. Umoh ◽  
W. N. Ogala ◽  
T. B. Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
The Mean

The mean Immunoglobulin A concentration in 188 colostrum, 93 transitionalmilk and 97 mature milk samples obtained from lactating mothers was206.96 (± 116.40)mg/l, 204.57 (± 123.01)mg/l and 157.65 (± 116.56)mg/lrespectively. The mean, colostrum, transitional and mature milk IgA of motherswith healthy babies was 183.48 (± 114.91) mg/l, 148.35 (± 101.07) mg/land 147.75 (± 114.6) mg/l, while values obtained from mothers whose babieswere sick were 221.22 (± 115.46)mg/l, 235.49 (± 123.75)mg/l and267.81 (± 77.89)mg/l for colostrum, transitional and mature milk respectively.The values obtained from sick babies’ mothers were ‐ significantlyhigher (P < 0.05) than the healthy infants’ mothers. While relative to age ofmothers, the IgA concentrations did not vary significantly (P < 0.05) inhealthy babies’ mothers. However, it was varied significantly in the motherswith sick babies and showed that the concentration of IgA from the mothersaged ≤ 20 varied significantly (P < 0.05) from the mothers aged 21 – 30 and ≥31 years.

Analysis of Aflatoxin M1 in Breast Milk and Its Association with Nutritional and Socioeconomic Status of Lactating Mothers in Lebanon

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1737-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jomana Elaridi ◽  
Maya Bassil ◽  
Joelle Abi Kharma ◽  
Farah Daou ◽  
Hussein F. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most potent of the dietary aflatoxins, and its major metabolite, aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), is frequently found in the breast milk of lactating mothers. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence and factors associated with AFM1 contamination of breast milk collected from lactating mothers in Lebanon. A total of 111 breast milk samples were collected according to the guidelines set by the World Health Organization. Samples were analyzed with a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay between December 2015 and November 2016. A survey was used to determine the demographic and anthropometric characteristics of participating lactating mothers. Dietary habits were assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Mean (±standard deviation) concentration of AFM1 in the breast milk samples was 4.31 ± 1.8 ng/L, and 93.8% of samples contained AFM1 at 0.2 to 7.9 ng/L. The mean concentration of AFM1 was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) in fall and winter (4.1 ± 1.9 ng/L) than in spring and summer (5.0 ± 1.7 ng/L). None of the samples exceeded the European Commission regulation limit (25 ng/L) for infant milk replacement formula. AFM1 contamination was significantly associated (P &lt; 0.05) with the daily consumption of white cheeses but not with the consumption of meat or cereal products. No significant association (P &gt; 0.05) was observed between AFM1 concentrations in breast milk and anthropometric sociodemographic factors (age and level of education) or the governorate of residence of the nursing mothers. The mean AFM1 estimated daily intake was found to be 0.69 ng/day/kg of body weight. Although the incidence of AFM1 contamination was low, our first-of-its-kind study highlights the importance of conducting investigations on mycotoxin contamination in breast milk and of developing protection strategies to tackle the exposure of infants to this potent chemical hazard.

scholarly journals LACTOFERRIN LEVELS IN MOTHER’S MILK

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 527-530
Author(s):  
SYED QAISER HUSAIN NAQVI ◽  
MOHAMMAD SHIRAZ KHAN ◽  
ALI AKBAR SIYAL ◽  
Mir Muhammad Sehto ◽  
Riaz Ahmed Qazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
The Mean

Objective: This study was aimed to see the significance of Lactoferrin in human breast milk among lactating mothers of healthyand sick babies. Place and duration: This study was conducted at pathology and paediatrics departments of Peoples University of Medical andHealth Sciences Nawabshah, Shaheed Benazirabad between Jan 2011 to Dec 2011. Design: Cross sectional study. Method: Lactoferrinlevels in breast milk of 356 mothers of healthy babies were estimated and similarly lactoferrin levels in breast milk of 318 lactating mothers ofsick babies were estimated & these results were analyzed. Results: the mean lactoferrin level in breast milk of 356 lactating mothers of healthybabies was 9.37 mg/ml and the mean lactoferrin level in breast milk of 318 mothers nursing sick babies was 3.73mg/ml. Conclusions: There isdecrease in lactoferrin levels of lactating mothers of sick babies in their mature milk, which could account for the susceptibility of their babies toinfection.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin A antibodies directed againstCampylobacter jejuniflagellin present in breast–milk

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Nachamkin ◽  
S. H. Fischer ◽  
X.-H. Yang ◽  
O. Benitez ◽  
A. Cravioto
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Campylobacter Infection ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMAYWe studied the relationship between IgA anti–campylobacter flagellin antibodies in breast milk samples and protection of breastfed infants living in a rural Mexican village from campylobacter infection. There were fewer episodes of campylobacter infection (symptomatic and asymptomatic combined) in infants breastfed with milk containing specific anti-flagellin antibodies (1.2/child/year, 95% CI 0.6–1.8) versus non–breastfed children (3.3/child/year, 95% CI 1.8–4.8; P < 0.01). Infants breastfed with milk that was antiflagellin antibody negative by ELISA also had fewer episodes of infection compared with non-breastfed children, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (1.8/child/year, 95% CI 0.7–3.0 versus 3.3/child/year, 95% CI 1.8–4.8, P > 0.05). Breastfeeding has a protective effect against campylobacter infection and is associated with the presence of specific antibodies directed against campylobacter flagellin.

scholarly journals Menaquinone-4 in breast milk is derived from dietary phylloquinone

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. W. Thijssen ◽  
M.-J. Drittij ◽  
C. Vermeer ◽  
E. Schoffelen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Mothers

The effect of maternal phylloquinone supplementation on vitamin K in breast milk was studied to establish: (1) if phylloquinone is the source of menaquinone-4 in breast milk; (2) the dose–effect relationship between intake and obtainable levels. Four groups of lactating mothers with a full-term healthy infant participated and took oral phylloquinone supplements of 0·0 (n8), 0·8 (n8), 2·0 (n8), and 4·0 (n7) mg/d for 12 d, starting at day 4 post-partum. Milk samples were collected on days 4, 8, 16, and 19. Blood samples were collected on days 4 and 16. Vitamin K and vitamin E concentrations, the latter for reason of comparison, were assayed. Phylloquinone and menaquinone-4 were present in all milk samples: 5·84 (SD 2·31) AND 2·98 (sd 1·51) nmol/l (n31) respectively, in colostrum (day 4 sample). A strong correlation between the vitamers was found (r0·78,P<0·001). Breast-milk phylloquinone levels were raised in a dose-dependent manner: 4-, 12-, and 30-fold on day 16 for the 0·8, 2·0, and 4·0 mg group respectively. In addition, menaquinone-4 levels were higher: 2·5- (P<0·05) and 7-fold (P<0·001) in the 2·0 and 4·0 mg groups respectively. Plasma of supplemented subjects contained 3-, 5-, and 10-fold higher phylloquinone levels on day 16. Detectable menaquinone-4 was found in ten of thirty-one day 4 plasma samples. All day 16 plasma samples of the 4 mg supplemented group contained the vitamin. There was no correlation between the K-vitamers in plasma. Vitamin E and phylloquinone appear to differ in their distribution in breast milk, milk:plasma concentration ratios were ≤1 and 3–5 for vitamin E and phylloquinone respectively. The milk:plasma concentration ratio of menaquinone-4 was >10. In conclusion, dietary phylloquinone is a source of menaquinone-4 in breast milk. Phylloquinone supplementation to lactating mothers may be of benefit to the newborn infant, since both phylloquinone and menaquinone-4 are raised by supplementation.

Human Breast Milk Assessed by the Deuterium Dose Mother Technique with Less Than 30 g Deuterium Using the Agilent 4500S for Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: A Pilot Study in the Democratic Republic of Congo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Chimanuka Murhima’Alika ◽  
Ghislain Maheshe Balemba ◽  
Daniella Bugugu Mapendo ◽  
Aminata Kapapa ◽  
Grace Munthali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Milk Output ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Background: Good breastfeeding practice is essential in preventing malnutrition in children. The deuterium method is the best technique for assessing human breast milk output. We investigated whether deuterium doses < 30 g can be used to assess human breast milk using saliva and the new Agilent 4500S for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Methods: In a cross-sectional study, the breastmilk output of lactating mothers was evaluated using four different doses of deuterium in the Miti-Murhesa Health Zone (Democratic Republic of Congo). Lactating mothers of infants aged 3-23 months were recruited and assigned to a dosage group. Weight, height, and mid-upper arm circumference were measured and the body mass index calculated as weight/height2. Body composition (fat mass, free fat mass, total body water, and breastmilk output) was assessed using standard deuterium dilution methods. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the means in different groups and the chi² test to compare proportions. Results: Seventy-five lactating mothers were included in the study: 19 received 6 g, 20 received 10 g, 18 received 15 g, and 18 received 20 g deuterium. The mean ± standard deviation infant age was 10.6 ± 5.2, 11.1 ± 4.4, 10.9 ± 4.4, and 11.0 ± 3.9 months, respectively (p=0.076). We found no difference in the age and anthropometric parameters of the lactating mothers in the different groups. The mean ± standard deviation breast milk output rate was 796.6 ± 292.4, 260.8± 23.2, 749.8 ± 244.2, and 733.6 ± 207.1 g/d in the 6 g, 10 g, 15 g, and 20 g groups, respectively (p=0.883). Conclusions: The different doses of deuterium administered to lactating mothers resulted in similar breast milk output values. Thus, it is possible to evaluate human breast milk with deuterium doses <30 g when using the Agilent 4500S.

Fatty acid positional distribution in colostrum and mature milk of women living in Inner Mongolia, North Jiangsu and Guangxi of China

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 4234-4245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Deng ◽  
Qian Zou ◽  
Biao Liu ◽  
Wenhui Ye ◽  
Chengfei Zhuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Positional Distribution ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Milk Samples

In order to investigate the fatty acid composition and distribution in colostrum and mature milk, breast milk samples and 24 h food records were obtained from 65 lactating women across three regions in China.

scholarly journals Fluoride Levels of Human Plasma and Breast Milk

2007 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 021-024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yağmur Şener ◽  
Gül Tosun ◽  
Firdevs Kahvecioğlu ◽  
Alparslan Gökalp ◽  
Hasan Koç
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Primary Selection ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Fluoride Electrode

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to determine the fluoride levels in breast milk and plasma of lactating mothers who regularly consumed drinking water with low levels of fluoride.Methods: One hundred twenty five healthy mothers aged between 20-30 years old who had given birth within 5-7 days were included in the study. Besides being otherwise healthy, the primary selection criteria stipulated the absence of fluoride supplement consumption one month before delivery. Approximately 5 ml breast milk and 5 ml blood samples were obtained from each participating mother at a hospital setting, where the mothers were scheduled for a regular hospital diet. The blood samples were centrifuged in fluoride-free heparinized polyethylene tubes and stored at -18oC until measurements were made. Breast milk samples were directly refrigerated as with blood samples until measurements. The fluoride concentrations of milk and blood samples were assessed using an ion-selective fluoride electrode combined with an ion analyzer.Results: The fluoride levels of the plasma and breast milk samples were measured as 0.017±0.011 ppm and 0.006±0.002 ppm, respectively. The fluoride concentration of plasma was significantly higher than that of breast milk (P<.01). Correlation analysis revealed a significant relation between the groups (P<.01).Conclusion: A limited level of fluoride transmission from plasma to breast milk was detected. Nevertheless, a significant correlation between the fluoride concentrations of breast milk and plasma was evident. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:21-24)

EFFECT OF PASTEURISATION ON THE CONCENTRATIONS OF VITAMIN D COMPOUNDS IN DONOR BREAST MILK

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. e2.19-e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Gomes ◽  
Nick Shaw ◽  
Karen Whitfield ◽  
Pieter Koorts ◽  
Helen McConachy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Vitamin D Analogues ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Signed Rank Test

AimBreastmilk is considered the most important nutrient and source of supplementation for both term and preterm infants.1 It is composed of many important nutrients, including vitamin D.2 The content of this vitamin in breast milk is usually low, even for lactating mothers with adequate vitamin D status.2 3 Preterm infants are at the great risk of vitamin D deficiency due to decreased transplacental transfer.4 Premature infants are the main recipients of pasteurised donor human milk (PDHM), when their mothers are unable to provide their own.This study aims to evaluate the effect of pasteurisation on the concentrations of vitamin D compounds in donor breast milk.MethodA total of 16 participants, who donated breast milk to the RBWH milk bank, were recruited in this study. Milk samples were obtained pre- and post-Holder pasteurisation. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to analyse the samples for vitamins D2 and D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamins D2 and D3 (25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3). The significance of differences in vitamin D concentrations between the two groups of milk samples was assessed using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test, in which P<0.05 was considered significant.ResultsPasteurisation resulted in a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the content of D2, D3, 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3, with P values of 0.0001 for all targeted analytes. The concentrations of the vitamin D analogues in non-pasteurised milk ranged from 3.6 to 5.0 pM (D2), 1.0 to 9.8 pM (D3), 1.4 to 2.1 pM (25(OH)D2) and 1.2 to 9.3 pM (25(OH)D3). The concentrations of the vitamin D analogues in post-pasteurised milk ranged from 3.0 to 4.0 pM (D2), 0.6 to 9.5 pM (D3), 1.2 to 1.7 pM (25(OH)D2) and 1.1 to 9.1 pM (25(OH)D3). Losses of vitamin D compounds resulting from the pasteurisation process ranged from 10% to 20%.ConclusionPasteurisation significantly affected the concentration of vitamin D compounds in pasteurised donor breast milk.

Antioxidant Capacity of Breast Milk of Mothers who Delivered Prematurely is Higher Than That of Mothers who Delivered at Term

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 368-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Turhan ◽  
Atıcı ◽  
Muslu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Mean

Background: The total antioxidant capacity of plasma of preterm infants has been suggested to be lower than that of term infants. The objective of this study was to compare the total antioxidant capacity of the breast milk of mothers who delivered prematurely with that of mothers who delivered at term. Materials and Methods: A total of 71 breast milk samples were collected, 41 from mothers who delivered preterm (27 to 37 weeks) and 30 from mothers who delivered at term (38 to 42 weeks). Results: The mean total antioxidant capacity of the breast milk of mothers who delivered prematurely was higher (2.19 ± 0.88 mmol/L) than that of mothers who delivered at term (1.7 ± 0.86 mmol/L) (p = 0.024). Conclusion: Breastfeeding may protect preterm infants against oxidative stress and related disorders in the neonatal period.

Breast Milk and Breastfeeding of Infants Born to SARS-CoV-2 Positive Mothers: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bgee Kunjumon ◽  
Elena V. Wachtel ◽  
Rishi Lumba ◽  
Michelle Quan ◽  
Juan Remon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Published Data ◽  
New York University ◽  
Positive Screen ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Mothers

Objective There are limited published data on the transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus from mothers to newborns through breastfeeding or from breast milk. The World Health Organization released guidelines encouraging mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 to breastfeed as the benefits of breastfeeding outweighs the possible risk of transmission. The objective of this study was to determine if SARS-CoV-2 was present in the breast milk of lactating mothers who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab test prior to delivery, and the clinical outcomes for their newborns. Study Design This was a single-center, observational, prospective cohort study. Maternal–newborn dyads that delivered at New York University Langone Hospital Brooklyn with confirmed maternal SARS-CoV-2 positive screen test at the time of admission were recruited for the study. Breast milk samples were collected during postpartum hospitalization and tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 genes N1 and N2 by two-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, the clinical characteristics of the maternal newborn dyad, results of nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 testing, and neonatal follow-up data were collected. Results A total of 19 mothers were included in the study and their infants who were all fed breast milk. Breast milk samples from 18 mothers tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, and 1 was positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The infant who ingested the breast milk that tested positive had a negative nasopharyngeal test for SARS-CoV-2, and had a benign clinical course. There was no evidence of significant clinical infection during the hospital stay or from outpatient neonatal follow-up data for all the infants included in this study. Conclusion In a small cohort of SARS-CoV-2 positive lactating mothers giving birth at our institution, most of their breast milk samples (95%) contained no detectable virus, and there was no evidence of COVID-19 infection in their breast milk-fed neonates. Key Points

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