Risk Factors for Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection and Uropathogen Bacterial Profile in the Intensive Care Unit in Hospitals in Medan, Indonesia

AIM: To evaluate the risk factors of CAUTI in ICU patients at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital and Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. METHODS: This hospital-based observational research was an observational analytic research with a cross-sectional study. This research was conducted at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, and Department of Microbiology Medical Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara, on July to August 2018 until the number of samples was fulfilled. The samples were adults aged ≥18 years, admitted to an ICU between July until August 2018 with an indwelling urinary catheter during their admission, admitted in ICU with different complaints and presentations and developed clinical evidence of infection that did not originate from patient’s original admitting diagnosis, in accordance which corresponded to the inclusion criteria by using consecutive sampling technique were included in the study. Patients who were shifted out of the ICU within 48 h of admission were excluded from the study. These critical patients were referred for monitoring, observation, and management from different departments, e.g., medic, general surgery, neurosurgery, gynaecology/obstetrics, and accident/emergency departments. RESULTS: From this research, it was found that fifty-four patients with catheter were screened for UTI infection. Of those, 24 patients (44.4%) were confirmed to have UTI by urine culture. Pseudomonas aeroginosa (16.7%) and Enterococcus faecalis (12.5%) were the most common pathogens. Patients aged > 50 years old (P < 0.03) and catheter use > 6 days (P < 0.03) were both significantly associated with increased risk of developing UTI. CONCLUSION: There are eleven uropathogens identified in this study: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, MRSA, Salmonella enteric, Acinetobacter baumanii, Acinetobacter lwoffi, Acinetobacter haemoliticus, Burkholderia cepacia, and Staphylococcus sciur.

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RISK FACTORS OF LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA IN PATIENTS AT DR. SOETOMO DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL SURABAYA IN 2018

The Indonesian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.20473/ijph.v15i3.2020.295-303 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 295

Author(s):

Luluk Lady Laily ◽

Santi Martini ◽

Kurnia Dwi Artanti ◽

Sri Widati

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽

General Hospital ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

District General Hospital ◽

Smoking History ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lung Cancers ◽

Lung Cancer Patients

Lung adenocarcinoma is one type of lung cancers that increases in number every year globally. Smoking is one of the risk factors for lung adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to determine the distribution of the risk factors of lung adenocarcinoma in patients. The risk factors observed in this study included age, gender, smoking history, number of cigarettes, types of cigarettes, and smoking duration. This study was descriptive and performed a cross sectional design. The study’s population was all lung cancer patients who were treated at Dr. Soetomo District General Hospital Surabaya. The samples were drawn using the accidental sampling technique from the population that met the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria for this respondents were patients who were diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and were willing to be interviewed. While the exclusion criteria involved patients with incomplete medical record data and patients who were not willing to be interviewed. The results indicate that the majority of lung adenocarcinoma patients at Dr. Soetomo District General Hospital Surabaya were male who were light smokers, diagnosed at more than 50 years old. Most of them used filter cigarettes and had smoked for more than 30 years. Keywords: Lung adenocarcinoma, risk factors, cross-sectional.

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Assessment of the Knowledge of Risk Factors of Congenital Hydrocephalus among Mothers Attending Antenatal Clinics in a Rural Tertiary Hospital Irrua, Edo State

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1700602 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (01) ◽

pp. 045-052

Author(s):

Eghosa Morgan ◽

Perpetua I. Agbeboh ◽

Charles O. Poluyi ◽

Chibuikem A. Ikwuegbuenyi ◽

Amy O. Aphiar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Psychosocial Development ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Antenatal Clinic ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Congenital Hydrocephalus ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Edo State

Abstract Background One of the congenital central nervous system malformations with great impact on the mental and psychosocial development of children is congenital hydrocephalus and it happens to be one of the most common. A large vacuum exists between knowledge on maternal environmental risk factors associated with congenital hydrocephalus, most especially in our rural community which consists of a large segment of our society. Our study aimed to determine the knowledge and perception of mothers on factors existing in the maternal environment that potentially puts an increased risk of developing congenital hydrocephalus. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study design spanning a period of 8 months (March 2018–October 2018), in which the knowledge and perception of the risk factors of congenital hydrocephalus among mothers attending antenatal clinic in Irrua specialist teaching hospital, a rural tertiary hospital in Irrua, Edo state, Nigeria, were assessed using a random sampling technique. Interviewer-administered questionnaires (reviewed and validated) were used. The data collected were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results The findings showed varying levels of knowledge of congenital hydrocephalus. Less than half (44.0%) of the respondents had poor knowledge, 34.5% had fair knowledge, and 21.6% had good knowledge. There was a statistically significant relationship between knowledge of congenital hydrocephalus and respondents’ knowledge of the risk factors of congenital hydrocephalus. Most (52.6%) had good perception of the risk factors of congenital hydrocephalus, while 23.3% had poor perception. Conclusion This study revealed a fairly good knowledge of congenital hydrocephalus and its risk factors among mothers, most especially those with a good level of education.

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The correlation between body mass index and the risk of osteoporosis in Acehnese adult females in Zainoel Abidin General Hospital

World Nutrition Journal ◽

10.25220/wnj.v05.i1.0015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Nadia Safhira Putri Ananda ◽

Husnah Husnah ◽

Safrizal Rahman

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

General Hospital ◽

Body Mass ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

The Elderly ◽

The Body ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adult Females ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Osteoporosis is a condition in which bone become weak and brittle characterized with lower bone density and quality causing increased risk of fracture. The elderly is the most common group to be affected and female is more prone compared to male. One of modifiable risk factors of osteoporosis is low body mass index or underweight. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between body mass index and the risk of osteoporosis on Acehnese adult females in RSUDZA.Methods: This was an analytic observational-cross sectional study which was completed at the Internal Medicine and Orthopedic Policlinic at Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Banda Aceh from August 27th to September 13th 2019. The sampling method used was nonprobability sampling with accidental sampling technique. The body mass index was obtained by measuring respondents’ height and weight while the risk of osteoporosis was assessed by measuring OSTA Score.Results: Results showed that most of respondents was aged between 40-45 years old (55.4%) and there are 62 respondents (74.7%) with abnormal body mass index consisted of 9 underweight respondents (10.8%), 11 overweight respondents (13.3%), and 42 obese respondents (50.6%). The risk of osteoporosis was dominantly mild (69.9%). There were 7 underweight respondents (77.8) had moderate risk of osteoporosis while 2 underweight respondents had severe risk (22.2%). Meanwhile, 41 obese respondents had mild risk of osteoporosis (97.6%). Correlation test using Spearman showed p value 0.000 (p < 0.05) and rs = -0,731 which means that there is a strong correlation between body mass index and the risk of osteoporosis.Conclusions: Lower body mass index is directly proportional with higher risk of osteoporosis.

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Frequency and Factors Associated with Hyperglycaemia First Detected during Pregnancy at Itojo General Hospital, South Western Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2020/4860958 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Frank Kiiza ◽

Daniel Kayibanda ◽

Pidson Tumushabe ◽

Leticia Kyohairwe ◽

Raymond Atwine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

General Hospital ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Western Uganda ◽

In Pregnancy

Background. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy complicates up to 30% of pregnancies in Africa, and this poses a major risk to both the mother and fetus. Although recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), universal screening for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy is not routinely done in many of the hospital in low- and middle-income countries. This study sought to determine the frequency and factors associated with hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy at a general public hospital in South Western Uganda. Methods. We conducted this study at Itojo General Hospital (IGH) in Ntungamo District, South Western Uganda. The study followed a cross-sectional design that employed a systematic random sampling technique to identify potential study participants during the months of October to December 2019. Using a pretested questionnaire, data on sociodemographic and medical characteristics were collected on a sample of 307 pregnant women. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for hyperglycemia using random blood sugar and fasting blood sugar test results. Data generated were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 26 (SPSS Inc., USA) at P<0.05. Results. The frequency of hyperglycaemia was found to be 15.6% among the study population. Multivariate analysis revealed that the ages of 19-30 years, peasantry, and multiparity with more than 5 live children and second trimester pregnancy were independent risk factors for the observed hyperglycaemia frequency. Conclusion. Our study reports new epidemiological information about the frequency and risk factors of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy from a selected Ugandan population. Our findings suggest an introduction of hyperglycaemia screening in the routine antenatal care package for proper maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

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Assessment of COVID-19 related knowledge, attitude, practice and professional risk factors associated to develop infection among the police personnel of Bangladesh during the rapid rise period of the outbreak

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20205028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 492

Author(s):

Bahni Chakraborty ◽

Pushpita Chakraborty ◽

Ashekul Islam ◽

M. Nur Hossain Bhuiyan ◽

Pulak Kanti Palit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Health Campaigns ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Police Personnel

Background: Bangladesh police have been engaged in different COVID-19 related containment activities consequently they are being badly affected and sacrifice their lives. However, as a newly outbreak pandemic, there may have lack of proper knowledge, attitude and practices in handling to prevent rapid spreading of deadly COVID-19 virus in Bangladesh.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the KAP and associated risk factors with COVID-19 among police personnel during pandemic. Total 2290 police personnel from different metropolitan cities were included and data were collected over telephone interview with an administered questionnaire following a convenient sampling technique. Bivariate associations between categorical variables were examined using Chi-square test. We also explored the independent risk factors for COVID-19 infection using binary logistic regression.Results: Out of 2290 respondents 458 (20%) were found to be COVID-19 positive and majority (42.5%) of them were male (97.5%) and belonged to age group of 31-40 years. Our study showed that an increased risk of COVID-19 infection for those who stayed in police barrack (OR=3.45; 95% CI:1.21-6.42; p<0.021), not practicing social distancing always (OR=2.13; 95% CI:1.12-5.31; p<0.031) and not wearing mask appropriately (OR=2.15; 95% CI: 1.31-4.52; p<0.003). Conclusions: This study provides a unique baseline of KAP and professional risk factors among the police personnel in Bangladesh on COVID-19 which indicated that, community-based health campaigns are obligatory to hold expectant attitudes and practice appropriate intervention measures. KAP study aimed at other front liners should be urgently addressed.

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Anaemia in Pregnancy at Booking: Prevalence and Risk Factors among Antenatal Attendees in a Southern Nigeria General Hospital

Asian Journal of Medicine and Health ◽

10.9734/ajmah/2019/v15i130112 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Victory E. Iyanam ◽

Alphonsus U. Idung ◽

Henry E. Jombo ◽

Ndifreke E. Udonwa

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

General Hospital ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Family Income ◽

Febrile Illness ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Educational Status ◽

Insecticide Treated Nets ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Despite the fact that anaemia is a preventable morbidity in most cases, its prevalence among pregnant women is still unacceptably high especially in rural and sub-urban settings. This is worrisome considering the enormous contribution of anaemia to maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Objective: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of anaemia at booking, identifying and describing its risk factors among pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic of General Hospital, Etinan, a sub-urban area in Akwa Ibom State, South-South Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 375 pregnant women seen at the antenatal (booking) clinic of General Hospital, Etinan, between April and October 2018, recruited through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. A pretested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-demographic, family and nutritional characteristics and obstetric and medical history of the respondents. Blood sample of each respondent was obtained from the median cubital vein, analysed with haemoglobinometer and their haemogloin (Hb) level determined and classified. Results: The age of the respondents ranged from 15-49 years with mean and standard deviation of 26.62 + 6.29 years. Results obtained show that out of 375 pregnant women, 265 had Hb <11g/dl giving 70.67% of anaemia among them. While 18.49% had mild anaemia (Hb:10.0-10.9g/dl), 4.15% had severe anaemia(Hb:<7.0g/dl). Anaemia was statistically associated with rural residence (p=0.024), low educational status (p=0.02), low family income (p=0.003), being married (p=0.016), lower parity (p=0.000), late booking (p=0.001), non-use of family planning (p=0.000), non-use of insecticide-treated nets (p=0.000), febrile illness in index pregnancy (p=0.000) and poor nutrition (p=0.000). Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in the study is high. This has far-reaching negative implications on the health status of the women during pregnancy, delivery and puerperum and that of the fetus. The need for preconception counseling and screening, health and nutrition education, early booking, contraception, treatment and prevention of causes of febrile illness, priority to girl child education and overall poverty eradication measures and recommended.

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HIPERGLIKEMIA SEBAGAI PREDIKTOR KEBERHASILAN PENGOBATAN PASIEN DENGAN SINDROM KORONER AKUT DI RSUD X SURAKARTA

Biomedika ◽

10.23917/biomedika.v10i2.7023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Iin Novita Nurhidayati Mahmuda ◽

Yuniana Nur Rezki ◽

Wildan Priscillah

Keyword(s):

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Observational Research ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Acute Response ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Time Of Admission ◽

Length Of Hospitalization

ABSTRAK Sindrom Koroner Akut atau acute coronary syndrome (ACS) dengan hiperglikemia pada saat masuk memiliki rerata mortalitas yang lebih tinggi, pada penelitian terbaru. Hiperglikemia pada pasien dengan ACS digambarkan sebagai respon akut dari keadaan hiperadrenergik dengan peningkatan risiko trombosis, sehingga bisa memperburuk kondisi pasien ACS selama dirawat di rumah sakit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan lama tinggal dan mortalitas pada pasien ACS dengan stres hiperglikemia dan tanpa hiperglikemia stres. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien ACS non-diabetes di RSUD X Surakarta. Data diperoleh dari rekam medis dengan teknik purposive sampling, dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 68 pasien, 34 pasien ACS dengan hiperglikemia dan 34 pasien ACS tanpa hiperglikemia. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan ada perbedaan durasi lama tinggal pasien ACS dengan dan tanpa hiperglikemia(p = 0,002) dan tidak ada perbedaan rerata mortalitas diantara keduanya.Kata kunci: Sindrom Koroner Akut, Hiperglikemia, Lama Rawat Inap, Mortalitas ABSTRACT Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in recent studies has been associated with hyperglycemia at the time of admission with higher mortality rates. Hyperglycemia in patients with ACS described as an acute response from a hyperadrenergic state with an increased risk of thrombosis, so it could worsen the condition of the patient ACS during the hospital stay. Aims of this study are to know differences in length of stay and mortality in ACS patients with hyperglycemia stress and without hyperglycaemia stress. This was an analytical observational research design with cross sectional approach. The subjects were non diabetic ACS patient in RSUD X Surakarta. Data were obtained from medical record with purposive sampling technique, analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Subjects were 68 patients, 34 patients ACS with hyperglycemia and 34 patients ACS without hyperglycemia. There is a difference in duration long of stay ACS patients with and without hyperglycemia (p = 0.002) and there is no difference in mortality.Keywords: Acute Coronary Syndrome, Hyperglycemia, Length Of Hospitalization, Mortality

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Prevalence of comorbidities and evaluation of their screening in spondyloarthritis: results of the international cross-sectional ASAS-COMOSPA study

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208174 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 75 (6) ◽

pp. 1016-1023 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

Anna Moltó ◽

Adrien Etcheto ◽

Désirée van der Heijde ◽

Robert Landewé ◽

Filip van den Bosch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Gastroduodenal Ulcer ◽

International Study ◽

Daily Practice ◽

Systematic Evaluation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Unknown Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Cholesterol Measurement

BackgroundIncreased risk of some comorbidities has been reported in spondyloarthritis (SpA). Recommendations for detection/management of some of these comorbidities have been proposed, and it is known that a gap exists between these and their implementation in practice.ObjectiveTo evaluate (1) the prevalence of comorbidities and risk factors in different countries worldwide, (2) the gap between available recommendations and daily practice for management of these comorbidities and (3) the prevalence of previously unknown risk factors detected as a result of the present initiative.MethodsCross-sectional international study with 22 participating countries (from four continents), including 3984 patients with SpA according to the rheumatologist.Statistical analysisThe prevalence of comorbidities (cardiovascular, infection, cancer, osteoporosis and gastrointestinal) and risk factors; percentage of patients optimally monitored for comorbidities according to available recommendations and percentage of patients for whom a risk factor was detected due to this study.ResultsThe most frequent comorbidities were osteoporosis (13%) and gastroduodenal ulcer (11%). The most frequent risk factors were hypertension (34%), smoking (29%) and hypercholesterolaemia (27%). Substantial intercountry variability was observed for screening of comorbidities (eg, for LDL cholesterol measurement: from 8% (Taiwan) to 98% (Germany)). Systematic evaluation (eg, blood pressure (BP), cholesterol) during this study unveiled previously unknown risk factors (eg, elevated BP (14%)), emphasising the suboptimal monitoring of comorbidities.ConclusionsA high prevalence of comorbidities in SpA has been shown. Rigorous application of systematic evaluation of comorbidities may permit earlier detection, which may ultimately result in an improved outcome of patients with SpA.

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ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CELL PHONE USAGE AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IN SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN

Journal of Musculoskeletal Research ◽

10.1142/s0218957722500038 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sujata Mandhwani ◽

Sadaf Zia ◽

Emad Salman Shaikh ◽

Dante Duarte ◽

Erum Tanveer

Keyword(s):

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Cell Phone ◽

Smart Phone ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

The Body ◽

Camera Phone ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Margin Of Error

The adverse effects of excessive mobile phone (MP) use on children include deprivation from sleep, increased risk of lack of concentration, depression, anxiety and obesity. No such study has been conducted in children from Pakistan. Objectives: To assess the association of MP usage and musculoskeletal disorders in school going children. Methods: This was a cross sectional survey. Data were collected from different private schools of Karachi, Pakistan. Convenient non probability sampling technique was used. A sample size of 385 students was taken keeping a confidence interval of 95% with 5% margin of error. Results: A total of 385 subjects participated. It was also noticed that 75.6% (291) students have smart phone and 5.2% (20) have conventional phone and remaining 19.2% (74) have camera phone. It was noticed that the participants 306 (79.5%) said they slept for 1–2[Formula: see text]h daily and 30 (7.8%) had sleep for 3–4[Formula: see text]h daily. One hundred and four 104 (27%) had noticed pain in neck. Conclusion: The use of MP for any activity was associated with sleep deprivation and pain in wrist/hands followed by neck and upper back pain. The usage of MP should be limited to avoid the stress on musculoskeletal parts of the body.

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Prevalence of Types, Frequency and Risk Factors for Complications after Exodontia

Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry ◽

10.36283/pjmd10-1/008 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Oral Surgery ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Dental Trauma ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Outpatient Department ◽

Impacted Tooth ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Mandibular Third Molars

Background: Exodontia is one of the most frequently carried out procedures by a dental surgeon, mostly on an outpatient department basis. The reasons for performing exodontia include non-restorable teeth, periodontal disease, dental trauma, impacted tooth, orthodontic treatment and toothache. Complications in dental extraction are a commonly encountered problem in dental clinics. This knowledge can help dental surgeons make extractions less invasive, traumatic and complicated, enabling quicker recovery of the socket. The aim of this study was to recognize types, frequency and risk factors for complications after exodontia. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled patients who had exodontia done from July- September 2019, visiting OPD of the Oral surgery department of Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi. Risk factors included demographic data, general health, past medical and dental history. Spearman’s correlation test was used to establish any relationship of variables with complications. Results: The study patients (126) included 72 females (mean age 39.1±13.39) and 54 males (mean age 41.1±14.93). The overall complications rate was found to be 7.1%, mainly arising from maxillary and mandibular third molars. The most common complications encountered were Hemorrhage, Pain, and Trismus. Increasing age and specific teeth extracted were associated with an increased risk for complications. However, post-operative complications which were encountered most of them were minor and handled on an outpatient department basis. Conclusion: Frequency and risk factors for complications after exodontia were found low3 (37.5%). While age and teeth extracted cannot be directly altered, these factors maybe indirectly modified, resulting in a potential decrease of postoperative complications.

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