scholarly journals Does carnivory pay off? Experiments on the effects of different types of diet on growth and development of Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) tadpoles and carry-over effects after metamorphosis

Herpetozoa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Octavian Craioveanu ◽  
Cristina Craioveanu ◽  
Ioan Ghira ◽  
Vioara Mireșan ◽  
Tibor Hartel
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Condition Indices ◽  
Carry Over

Natural diets of anuran larvae vary widely in their relative amounts of nutrients. The proportion of these ingested nutrients has significant influence on larval and post-metamorphic performance. Here, we use the Common Toad to address the role of diet (exclusively carnivore, exclusively vegetarian and mixed) on growth and development of tadpoles and short-term carry-over effects on post-metamorphic animals. Larvae fed on an exclusively vegetarian diet performed better (faster growth and development) than larvae fed on exclusively carnivore and mixed diets. Larvae fed on the exclusively carnivore diet had the lowest performance. Regarding the carry-over effects of larval diets, although the body condition indices of the toadlets were similar in all treatments, there was a major difference in the survival rate. While toadlets, originating from larvae fed on a vegetarian diet, were more successful and had the lowest mortality, those fed on a carnivore diet had the highest mortality level. Our results suggest that a plant-based diet may contain all the necessary nutrients needed by Bufobufo larvae. Furthermore, a diet based exclusively on food of animal origin might be detrimental for the larval performance and could have significant carry-over effects on the post-metamorphic animal.

scholarly journals PERAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI DALAM PANDANGAN ISLAM

Perspektif ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Denny Erica ◽  
Haryanto Haryanto ◽  
Mari Rahmawati ◽  
Irwin Ananta Vidada
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
State Of Nature ◽  
Role Of Parents

From an Islamic point of view, children are a mandate given by Allah to their parents, to provide good and healthy education, involving families is a place for children to learn, communicate, communicate, and behave towards the environment associated with it, and a children will always need a lot of attention and affection from both parents. The role of parents in the development of early childhood education from an Islamic point of view must be able to provide an explanation of all the children born in a state of nature, instill monotheism and aqeedah truly to children, teach children to help prayer, teach children to read the Koran, motivate children to always pray, teach children to always be grateful, motivate children to worship at the mosque, teach children to always be naked, teach children to always maintain the cleanliness of the body, and teach children to love each other God's creatures. By involving parents in providing education that contains Islamic religious values, it is expected that these early childhood children can support the process of adaptation to the outside environment, bearing in mind that these early childhood have strong character and faith in the process of development of growth and development for child.

scholarly journals ROLE OF DEEPANA PACHANA KARMA IN MANAGEMENT OF RASAPRADOSHAJA VIKARAS

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Ashrita S ◽  
Shivaprasad Hudeda
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Whole Tree

For a tree to stand erect with its branches, its roots must be strengthened by nourishing them timely such that the whole tree receives proper nourishment for its growth and development. Similarly, the Tridoshas, Saptha Dhatus and Tri-Malas are the roots strengthening this body when nourished timely. The Dosha-Dhatu-Mala in their state of normalcy enhances the strength of the body which is inferred through their respective physiological functions. This is achieved under the influence of two factors that is- Ahara and Agni. Ayurveda has endowed the function of thermogenesis and metabolism in the body to Agni. Proper functioning of Agni is responsible for all the metabolic activities in the body. Thereby, Agnimandya is said to be the root cause for all the diseases, as it results in the formation of Ama affecting the Rasavaha Srotas initially. The Ama Lakshanas resemble with the Rasapradoshaja Vikaras. Kapha Dosha is said to be the Asrayee in Rasa Dhatu and thereby the Rasa Vruddhi Lakshanas are similar to that of Kapha Vruddhi Lakshanas. So the Chikitsa as mentioned for Kapha Dosha can be implemented in Vruddhi/Kshaya of Rasa Dhatu. Shodhana without Ama-Pachana results in further complication. Therefore the line of treatment revolves around Srotoshodhana, Pachana, Agnideepana and Vatanulomana.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Profile and Enterolactone Content of Early and Commercial Milk of Dairy Cows Supplemented with Flaked Flaxseed during the Dry Period

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2394
Author(s):  
Lucia Bailoni ◽  
Laura Da Dalt ◽  
Gianfranco Gabai ◽  
Elisa Giaretta ◽  
Nadia Guzzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Enrich Food ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Carry Over Effect

Various supplementations in animal feeding have been investigate in order to enrich food of animal origin with n-3 fatty acids. Although the effects of flaxseeds inclusion in diets for lactating dairy have already been assessed, few studies have focused on this n-3 source supplementation during the transition period. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of flacked flaxseed (200 g/head/day; 2.13% DM) dietary treatment during the dry period on milk yield and quality in the 30 days after calving. In addition, the enterolactone content in plasma (before and after calving) and in milk of cows fed diets supplemented or not with flaxseed was considered. The study demonstrated that the carry-over effect on the milk profile of C18:2, C18:3 n-3, and C20:5 n-3 was significantly higher in flaxseed diet than in the control one at 4th day of lactation. A significant increase of enterolactone on milk from flaxseed fed cows was observed only at 15 sampling day. The quick modification in fatty acid (FA) profile of the milk in the first few days of lactation suggests that the carry over effect from pre-calving flaxseed feeding at this concentration was very short lasting.

Ochratoxin A in food and urine: a nationwide Portuguese two-year study

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Duarte ◽  
C.M. Lino ◽  
A. Pena
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
The Individual

Several toxic effects have been described after exposure to ochratoxin A (OTA), which can enter the human diet directly through food or through animal products via carry-over from contaminated feed. To assess the exposure of the Portuguese population to OTA, a study over a two-year period was conducted. It involved analysis of 472 morning urine samples from inhabitants of four regions, together with a survey of regional bread (738) and pork (254) samples. These foodstuffs are two staple foods in the Portuguese and Mediterranean diet that present a high and widespread consumption by the majority of the population. The bread samples analysed showed a low level of contamination, although the contamination range was broad and some of the samples exceeded the maximum level established in the European Union. Maize bread (broa), especially when made by mixing with rye, was the most contaminated, followed by whole grain-, rye- and wheat-based bread. However, the latter contributed more to OTA exposure, because they were more commonly consumed. Even though the occurrence was rather low, the average OTA amount in pork was relatively high compared to previous national and other surveys. The observed high within-subject variability of OTA in urine limited the use of this biomarker of exposure at the individual level, but not on a population or subgroup of subjects scale. Among the studied population, a widespread exposure was confirmed by the high frequency of OTA contamination in urine, although characterised by a low average contamination level. Independent of region or population, pork appears to be the main contributor to the daily OTA intake in Portugal. These data were clearly in contrast with previous studies showing that cereals and their derived products were the major contributors, while food of animal origin only contributed a small part to the total human dietary OTA exposure.

scholarly journals Role of veterinarian in securing sanitary hygiene of food of animal origin

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Lazar Stojanovic ◽  
Vera Katic ◽  
Olivera Buncic
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Chemical Pollutants ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin

The consumer demands that to be provided with a sufficient quantity of articles of animal origin that meet the requirements of sanitary hygiene and are available at acceptable prices. Food articles of animal origin that are safe for human consumption can be obtained only from healthy animals. Veterinarians are daily concerned with the health of animals and are taking measures to prevent the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms from animals to humans. The knowledge of epizootiology, microbiology, the sources and pathways of contamination of food articles of animal origin by microbiological and chemical pollutants, the procedures in the process of producing food articles in which such pollutants can be eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level, and the connection between these factors and human health, give veterinarians the key position in the securing of sanitary hygiene of articles of animal origin. The safety of articles of animal origin is a specialized field in the area of veterinary medicine that links all the activities of a veterinarian. In partnership with other professions, engaged in the chain of food production, veterinarians guarantee that food articles are safe for the health of consumers.

Importance of ‘Nidra’ as one of the Upastambha of life

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupama Kiran Jog ◽  
Dipali Gajendra Tandel ◽  
Ganesh Puradkar
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Quality Sleep ◽  
The One

Abstract: Introduction- It is interesting to know that the one third one a human’s life is spent on sleeping. Sleep is an essential aspect when it comes to growth and development of living beings; as many of the vital physiological processes occur during sleep. As far as Ayurveda is concerned, sleep i.e. Nidra is considered as one of the three pillars of life. It is called as Bhootadhatri by Ayurvedic texts as it is considered as an important part on one’s lifestyle. Quality sleep is an indicator of good health as it relives stress and refreshes the body. Adequate hours of sleeping is required for all the levels of wellbeing such as mental, physical and emotional. Ayurveda being a science of life, explains daily routine and regimens to be followed by individuals to stay healthy. Nidra being a day to day phenomenon, ayurvedic texts have detailed information about its definition, types, physiology and health benefits. Aim- To understand the significance of Nidra as a Upastambha i.e.pillar of life.     Objectives- To review the ayurvedic and modern literature regarding sleep. To understand physiology of sleep according to ayurvedic and modern texts. To understand the role of quality sleep in maintaining health. Key words: Nidra, Upastambha, Sleep, Ayurveda.

scholarly journals From designing diets for animals to designing food of animal origin – overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 854 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
R Markovic ◽  
M Z Baltic ◽  
S Radulovic ◽  
D Peric ◽  
D Jovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract In recent times, food is not only observed from the point of view of the required intake for growth, development and regeneration of the body, but also has a leading role in the quality of human life. Therefore, the diet focuses on optimizing the daily intake of both nutrients and non-nutritive ingredients of food, all in order to preserve health and, above all, reduce the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Functional food can be considered food that has been scientifically proven to have a positive effect on certain body functions (in addition to the usual nutritional value) that contribute to human health and reduce the risk of disease. At the same time, it is important that the food has a standard form and that the positive effect on health is manifested by consuming the usual amount of food. The functionality of food is achieved by the presence in it of bioactive components (one or more) which have been scientifically proven to have positive effects on human health in the quantities in which they are present in food. The nutritional value of foods of animal origin depends on many factors, but certainly animal diet has the greatest impact. In human nutrition the so-called designed products of animal origin (meat, milk, eggs) are used, which are due to the specific animal diets enriched with n-3 fatty acids, vitamins, carotenoids or trace elements. Today, there are nutritional strategies by which we can access functional foods for the purpose of health promotion.

Technical Microbiology of animal products

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Sidorenko ◽  
Ekaterina Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Animal Origin ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Microbiological Control ◽  
State Educational ◽  
Technology Of Production

The textbook examines the role of microorganisms in shaping the quality of animal products, describes the microorganisms that affect the quality of food and processes caused by technically and technologically important microflora. The basic principles of microbiological control of milk and meat processing products production are described. The second edition focuses on the quality and safety of food products of animal origin. The material has been reworked and supplemented with the results of recent research, which can be used in the training program for microbiologists in food technology. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students studying in biological specialties, agricultural technologists in the profile "Technology of production, storage and processing of animal products" and in the areas of training 35.03.07 "Technology of production and processing of agricultural products", 19.03.03, 19.04.03 "food of animal origin".

scholarly journals Vegetarische Kostformen in der Kinderernährung?

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (04) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Kersting ◽  
Hermann Kalhoff ◽  
Michael Melter ◽  
Thomas Lücke
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
Critical Nutrients ◽  
Dietary Strategies

AbstractIn Germany, the “Dietary Schedule for the 1st year of life” and the “Optimised Mixed Diet” for children and adolescents serve as scientifically based and generally applicable dietary concepts throughout the period of growth and development. Vegetarian diets as the lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (exclusion of meat, fish) and the vegan diet (exclusion of all food groups of animal origin) need to be evaluated for their potential to safely meet the high and specific requirements for growth and development. In this regard, high-quality studies are needed. In individuals on lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets, the safe supply with critical nutrients should be checked by thorough dietary history, possibly additional laboratory tests in risk situations like pregnancy, infancy and toddlerhood. Children on pure vegan diet need ongoing elaborate dietary strategies and continuous supplementation at any age, similar to nutritional management in children with metabolic disorders. A vegan diet is disadvised during all periods with intense growth and development.

scholarly journals Polyamines: Functions, Metabolism, and Role in Human Disease Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Narashans Alok Sagar ◽  
Swarnava Tarafdar ◽  
Surbhi Agarwal ◽  
Ayon Tarafdar ◽  
Sunil Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Healthy Cell ◽  
Optimum Quantity ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Living Organisms

Putrescine, spermine, and spermidine are the important polyamines (PAs), found in all living organisms. PAs are formed by the decarboxylation of amino acids, and they facilitate cell growth and development via different cellular responses. PAs are the integrated part of the cellular and genetic metabolism and help in transcription, translation, signaling, and post-translational modifications. At the cellular level, PA concentration may influence the condition of various diseases in the body. For instance, a high PA level is detrimental to patients suffering from aging, cognitive impairment, and cancer. The levels of PAs decline with age in humans, which is associated with different health disorders. On the other hand, PAs reduce the risk of many cardiovascular diseases and increase longevity, when taken in an optimum quantity. Therefore, a controlled diet is an easy way to maintain the level of PAs in the body. Based on the nutritional intake of PAs, healthy cell functioning can be maintained. Moreover, several diseases can also be controlled to a higher extend via maintaining the metabolism of PAs. The present review discusses the types, important functions, and metabolism of PAs in humans. It also highlights the nutritional role of PAs in the prevention of various diseases.

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