Business Document Exchange between Small Companies

2011 ◽  
pp. 482-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Bonfatti ◽  
Paola Daniela Monari ◽  
Luca Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Legacy Systems ◽  
Electronic Market ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Reference Ontology ◽  
Working Practices

This chapter is aimed at presenting a practical approach, and its technological implementation, for enabling small companies to exchange business documents in different formats and languages with minimal impact on their legacy systems and working practices. The proposed solution differs from the general-purpose or theoretical approaches reported in other chapters of this book, as it is intended to focus on the basic interoperability requirements of small companies in their real life. Special attention is spent to show how to define a minimal reference ontology, use it for annotating the data fields in legacy systems, and map it onto existing standards in order to remove the cultural and technical obstacles for small companies to join the global electronic market. These techniques have been studied and prototyped, and are presently validated, by some EU-funded projects.

Energy Harvesting for Smart Shoes: A Real Life Application

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Frontoni ◽  
Adriano Mancini ◽  
Primo Zingaretti ◽  
Andrea Gatto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Microprocessor Technology

Advanced technical developments have increased the efficiency of devices in capturing trace amounts of energy from the environment (such as from human movements) and transforming them into electrical energy (e.g., to instantly charge mobile devices). In addition, advancements in microprocessor technology have increased power efficiency, effectively reducing power consumption requirements. In combination, these developments have sparked interest in the engineering community to develop more and more applications that utilize energy harvesting for power. The approach here described aims to designing and manufacturing an innovative easy-to-use and general-purpose device for energy harvesting in general purpose shoes. The novelty of this device is the integration of polymer and ceramic piezomaterials accomplished by injection molding. In this spirit, this paper examines different devices that can be built into a shoe, (where excess energy is readily harvested) and used for generating electrical power while walking. A Main purpose is the development of an indoor localization system embedded in shoes that periodically broadcasts a digital RFID as the bearer walks. Results are encouraging and real life test are conducted on the first series of prototypes.

scholarly journals Design of a Wearable Eye-Movement Detection System Based on Electrooculography Signals and Its Experimental Validation

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Chin-Teng Lin ◽  
Wei-Ling Jiang ◽  
Sheng-Fu Chen ◽  
Kuan-Chih Huang ◽  
Lun-De Liao
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Hardware Implementation ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Real Life ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Research Area ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Classification Algorithm ◽  
Human Computer Interface

In the assistive research area, human–computer interface (HCI) technology is used to help people with disabilities by conveying their intentions and thoughts to the outside world. Many HCI systems based on eye movement have been proposed to assist people with disabilities. However, due to the complexity of the necessary algorithms and the difficulty of hardware implementation, there are few general-purpose designs that consider practicality and stability in real life. Therefore, to solve these limitations and problems, an HCI system based on electrooculography (EOG) is proposed in this study. The proposed classification algorithm provides eye-state detection, including the fixation, saccade, and blinking states. Moreover, this algorithm can distinguish among ten kinds of saccade movements (i.e., up, down, left, right, farther left, farther right, up-left, down-left, up-right, and down-right). In addition, we developed an HCI system based on an eye-movement classification algorithm. This system provides an eye-dialing interface that can be used to improve the lives of people with disabilities. The results illustrate the good performance of the proposed classification algorithm. Moreover, the EOG-based system, which can detect ten different eye-movement features, can be utilized in real-life applications.

scholarly journals Cancer During Pregnancy: How to Handle the Bioethical Dilemmas?—A Scoping Review With Paradigmatic Cases-Based Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Alpuim Costa ◽  
José Guilherme Nobre ◽  
Susana Baptista de Almeida ◽  
Marisa Horta Ferreira ◽  
Inês Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

Ethical issues that arise during the care of a pregnant woman with cancer are challenging to physicians, policymakers, lawyers, and the bioethics community. The main purpose of this scoping review is to summarize existing literature regarding the bioethical dilemmas when a conflict arises in the maternal-fetus dyad, like the one related to cancer and pregnancy outcomes. Moreover, we illustrate the decision-making process of real-life case reports. Published data were searched through the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, as well as in grey literature, using appropriate controlled keywords in English and Portuguese. After identification, screening, eligibility and data extraction from the articles, a total of 50 was selected. There are several established ethical frameworks for conflict resolution and decision-making. Pragmatic theoretical approaches include case-based analysis, the ethics of care, feminist theory, and traditional ethical principlism that scrutinizes the framework of autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence. In addition, society and practitioner values could mediate this complex ethical interplay. The physician must balance autonomy and beneficence-based obligations to the pregnant woman with cancer, along with beneficence-based obligations to the fetus. Ethical challenges have received less attention in the literature, particularly before the third trimester of pregnancy. Best, unbiased and balanced information must be granted both to the patient and to the family, regarding the benefits and harms for the woman herself as well as for the fetal outcome. Based on a previously validated method for analyzing and working up clinical ethical problems, we suggest an adaptation of an algorithm for biomedical decision-making in cancer during pregnancy, including recommendations that can facilitate counseling and help reduce the suffering of the patient and her family.

Preparing a Concept-Based Lesson from a Design Perspective: Facilitating Students' Understanding through Metacognitive Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 610-617
Author(s):  
Wenyuan Yang ◽  
Enshan Liu ◽  
Xintao Li ◽  
Cheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
High School Biology ◽  
Instructional Process ◽  
Design Perspective ◽  
Five Phases

A lesson plan is a design problem for a teacher. The desired solution to this problem is to design an instructional process that can guide students in constructing an understanding of scientific concepts through their own thinking. This article demonstrates a practical approach to designing an effective lesson plan. The approach has five phases: listing the concepts in a lesson, proposing questions that can be answered by each concept, sequencing the questions according to the logic of student cognitive development, selecting resources and designing tasks to create learning situations, and applying knowledge to scientific research and real life. A meiosis lesson from a high school biology course serves as an example for understanding the solutions to problems that may arise in each phase.

scholarly journals Artifact Correction in Short-Term HRV during Strenuous Physical Exercise

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6372
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Królak ◽  
Tomasz Wiktorski ◽  
Magnus Friestad Bjørkavoll-Bergseth ◽  
Stein Ørn
Keyword(s):  
Median Filter ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Parameter Tuning ◽  
Artifact Correction ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Hrv Analysis ◽  
Monitoring Devices

Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis can be a useful tool to detect underlying heart or even general health problems. Currently, such analysis is usually performed in controlled or semi-controlled conditions. Since many of the typical HRV measures are sensitive to data quality, manual artifact correction is common in literature, both as an exclusive method or in addition to various filters. With proliferation of Personal Monitoring Devices with continuous HRV analysis an opportunity opens for HRV analysis in a new setting. However, current artifact correction approaches have several limitations that hamper the analysis of real-life HRV data. To address this issue we propose an algorithm for automated artifact correction that has a minimal impact on HRV measures, but can handle more artifacts than existing solutions. We verify this algorithm based on two datasets. One collected during a recreational bicycle race and another one in a laboratory, both using a PMD in form of a GPS watch. Data include direct measurement of electrical myocardial signals using chest straps and direct measurements of power using a crank sensor (in case of race dataset), both paired with the watch. Early results suggest that the algorithm can correct more artifacts than existing solutions without a need for manual support or parameter tuning. At the same time, the error introduced to HRV measures for peak correction and shorter gaps is similar to the best existing solution (Kubios-inspired threshold-based cubic interpolation) and better than commonly used median filter. For longer gaps, cubic interpolation can in some cases result in lower error in HRV measures, but the shape of the curve it generates matches ground truth worse than our algorithm. It might suggest that further development of the proposed algorithm may also improve these results.

scholarly journals Hydraulic Model Calibration and Performance Assessment of Pressure Managed Areas with Multiple Inlets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Bibok ◽  
Roland Fülöp
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Model Calibration ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Pressure Setting ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

Pressure management is a widely adopted technique in the toolset of drinking water distribution system operators. It has multiple benefits, like reducing physical losses in pipe networks with excessive leakage, prolong the expected lifetime of the pipes and protecting home appliances from unacceptably high pressure. In some cases, even legislation compliance can be the motivation behind pressure management: It is mandatory to supply water at the customer’s connection between 1.5 and 6.0 bar in Hungary since 2011. Diaphragm pressure reducing valves are widespread in the drinking water distribution networks. Although, their sensitivity for gas pocket accumulation in the valve house makes hydraulic calibration of these pressure managed areas a challenging task for hydraulic modelers and network operators. This is especially true when more than one inlet is used to supply the same area in order to increase resilience and flow capacity.This paper investigates the hydraulic properties of pressure reduced areas with multiple inlet points. Model calibration using a single valve and minor loss was found insufficient because the additional pressure loss referenced to the pressure setting has a non-quadratic relationship with flow-rate on the discharge side under real-life circumstances. This phenomenon can be handled by using a PRV (pressure reducing valve) + GPV (general purpose valve) in series.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF NEW SERVICES IN SMALLER ORGANISATIONS: THEY DO JUST HAPPEN

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (07) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Patrik Gottfridsson
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Formal Models ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Market Launch ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
Planning Development

The aim of this study is to investigate how new services are actually developed in real life in small companies. Although conventional models of service development emphasise the importance of formal and structured processes, it is unclear whether most service development really is conducted in this way, and whether these formal models might merely represent theoretical structures that have been retrospectively imposed on the actual process. In particular, it is unclear whether the conventional view of formal and structured processes is applicable to smaller organisations with fewer employees. The present study therefore presents the findings from in-depth case studies of service development in eleven small Swedish companies. The study concludes that that it is difficult to identify any clear intention to pursue formal development processes in the companies studied here. Rather, service development could generally be described as ‘unstructured’ in all phases (planning, development, and market launch). Moreover, these phases overlap and impinge on one another in a flexible, unstructured, and informal manner. The study examines and explains the reasons for this generally unstructured approach to service development in smaller firms.

scholarly journals Application and Justification of Eclectic Approach (an Innovative Teaching Style) for ELT Practitioners in both Private and Public Universities in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Sumya Alam Summa
Keyword(s):  
Public Universities ◽  
Teaching Style ◽  
Real Life ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Innovative Teaching ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Innovative Techniques

The use of modern innovative techniques is an essential requirement for language pedagogy. One single method cannot meet all the needs of learners in language teaching.  The purpose of this paper is to figure out the contextual application of eclecticism and compare two perspectives of learning which relates to public and private educational institutions. (Reference: both AIUB and BSMRSTU where I had been teaching for years). This study intends to draw the picture of real-life teaching experiences in both private and public universities. My focus will be on justification of practicing all four skills, specially listening and speaking skill through eclecticism. It is all about a teacher’s unique innovations and his/her own creations to cover up all skills in one lesson. To conduct this research, a comparative study based of literature review was done to find out real problems of each institution. Some new innovative techniques and activities have been applied in learning and acquiring English in my classroom. All the students were given some tasks and they were asked to follow some instructions given. They became interested to accomplish all the tasks and learn lessons promptly. My goal is to talk about how successful a teacher can be to introduce a new technique. For example, teachers are suggested here to practice on the basis of ‘realia’ like playing and listening songs and music videos as innovative texts to exercise on all for skills. At last, the general purpose of this paper is to discuss a very authentic new technique, its future implications, results, problems and solutions. To talk about these, limitations of all other single methods and some current practices will be mentioned to investigate learners’ needs on the basis of “Needs Analysis”.  Some solutions will be suggested at the very end of this paper.

scholarly journals Smart Helmet: Thresh-Learner–Online Machine Learning on Data Streams

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S3) ◽  
pp. 466-473
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Real Life ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Streaming Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Dynamic Threshold ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Set Up

Today, with an enormous generation and availability of time series data and streaming data, there is an increasing need for an automatic analyzing architecture to get fast interpretations and results. One of the significant potentiality of streaming analytics is to train and model each stream with unsupervised Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to detect anomalous behaviors, fuzzy patterns, and accidents in real-time. If executed reliably, each anomaly detection can be highly valuable for the application. In this paper, we propose a dynamic threshold setting system denoted as Thresh-Learner, mainly for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications that require anomaly detection. The proposed model enables a wide range of real-life applications where there is a necessity to set up a dynamic threshold over the streaming data to avoid anomalies, accidents or sending alerts to distant monitoring stations. We took the major problem of anomalies and accidents in coal mines due to coal fires and explosions. This results in loss of life due to the lack of automated alarming systems. We propose Thresh-Learner, a general purpose implementation for setting dynamic thresholds. We illustrate it through the Smart Helmet for coal mine workers which seamlessly integrates monitoring, analyzing and dynamic thresholds using IoT and analysis on the cloud.

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