Free Form Fabrication of 3D-Ceramic Parts with InkJet-Printing

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 720-725
Author(s):  
Ulrike Kaufmann ◽  
Urban Harrysson ◽  
Per Johander ◽  
Werner Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Rapid Manufacturing ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Ink Jet ◽  
Good Flow

A rapid manufacturing method for fabrication of 3D ceramic parts will be presented. The structural information is printed by ink jet in powder layers of 80 µm thickness. Different granulated powders can be used, such as zirconia and alumina if they show good flow ability. After printing the structures a heating process takes place. After these the parts can be picked out from the powder bed. The manufactured parts can be impregnated with epoxy. Another option is the infiltration with ceramic slurries and glass with sintering to higher density. The sintering process has been studied and the shrinkage and material properties evaluated. The interrelationship between the raw material qualities, infiltration media and the sinter parameters as well as the material-specific properties such as density and stability will be presented. The manufacturing method is used for fabrication of moulds and cores for casting processes. Otherwise the process can be used for fast fabrication of models and prototypes. The possibilities to use these methods for implant manufacturing will be shown. A cost analysis has been performed comparing direct manufacturing of small batches of components to mould injection processes.

The Analysis of Radial Deformation on Annular Local Heating Processed Pipe. Study of fitted pipe's manufacturing method due to annular local heating process (Report 2).

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-627
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Araki ◽  
Hisao Hasegawa ◽  
Takeshi Yamada ◽  
Hiroyuki Matsumura ◽  
Kazuhiro Aoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Heating ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Radial Deformation ◽  
Manufacturing Method

Antibacterial Properties of CdO Nano-Cubes Synthesized via Microwave Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
pp. 294-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Rashidzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
Cadmium Oxide ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Cdo Nanoparticles

High purity Cadmium (Cd) metal was used as raw material and placed in a microwave susceptor. an evaporation/oxidation process occurs under exposure to microwave in less than 2 minutes. Then, Evaporated cadmium reacted with oxygen and cadmium oxide was collected on the inner surface of a glassy container that was placed a few centimeters above the susceptor. Morphological and structural information of As-synthesized CdO nanopowder, were investigated via SEM and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The antibacterial activities of different concentration of the CdO nanoparticles were tested by treating Escherichia coli (Gram negative) cultures with CdO nanoparticles. The Study indicates that cadmium oxide nanoparticles show effective antibacterial activity toward the gram-negative bacterium E. coli. Electrochemical properties of as-synthesized powder were investigated via linear and two vertex cyclic voltammetery in the presence of ethanol, a pair of Oxidation/reduction peaks were achieved.

scholarly journals Is ink heating a relevant concern in the High Speed Sintering process?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhys J. Williams ◽  
Patrick J. Smith ◽  
Candice Majewski
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Consistent Manner ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

AbstractHigh Speed Sintering (HSS) is a novel polymer additive manufacturing process which utilises inkjet printing of an infrared-absorbing pigment onto a heated polymer powder bed to create 2D cross-sections which can be selectively sintered using an infrared lamp. Understanding and improving the accuracy and repeatability of part manufacture by HSS are important, ongoing areas of research. In particular, the role of the ink is poorly understood; the inks typically used in HSS have not been optimised for it, and it is unknown whether they perform in a consistent manner in the process. Notably, the ambient temperature inside a HSS machine increases as a side effect of the sintering process, and the unintentional heating to which the ink is exposed is expected to cause changes in its fluid properties. However, neither the extent of ink heating during the HSS process nor the subsequent changes in its fluid properties have ever been investigated. Such investigation is important, since significant changes in ink properties at different temperatures would be expected to lead to inconsistent printing and subsequently variations in part accuracy and even the degree of sintering during a single build. For the first time, we have quantified the ink temperature rise caused by unintentional, ambient heating during the HSS process, and subsequently measured several of the ink’s fluid properties across the ink temperature range which is expected to be encountered in normal machine operation (25 to 45 ∘C). We observed only small changes in the ink’s density and surface tension due to this heating, but a significant drop (36%) in its viscosity was seen. By inspection of the ink’s Z number throughout printing, it is concluded that these changes would not be expected to change the manner in which droplets are delivered to the powder bed surface. In contrast, the viscosity decrease during printing is such that it is expected that the printed droplet sizes do change in a single build, which may indeed be a cause for concern with regard to the accuracy and repeatability of the inkjet printing used in HSS, and subsequently to the properties of the polymer parts obtained from the process.

scholarly journals High strength glass-ceramics sintered with coal gangue аs а raw material

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
Dang Wei ◽  
H.-Y. He
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Sintered Glass ◽  
Utilization Ratio

High strength lightweight glass-ceramics were fabricated with coal gangue and clay as main raw materials. The utilization ratio of coal gangue, the ratio of the coal gangue with clay, mineralization agents, forming process and sintering process on the properties of the fabricated glass-ceramics were optimized. The utilization ratio of coal gangue reached 75, and the ratio of coal gangue to clay was 3/1, as an optimal property was observed. The optimal sintering temperature was found to be 1370?C. At this optimal temperature, the sintered glass-ceramics showed the main phase of mullite and spindle and so showed high strength, low density, and low water absorbance. The appropriate amounts of codoping of the TiO2, ZnO, and MnO2/dolomite as mineralization agents obviously enhanced the properties of the glass-ceramics. Process optimizations further determined reasonable and optimal process parameters. The high strength lightweight glass-ceramics fabricated in this work may be very suitable for various applications including building materials, cooking ceramics, and proppant materials, et al.

scholarly journals Processing of porcelain stoneware tile using sugarcane bagasse ash waste

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrian Schettino ◽  
José Holanda
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Firing Cycle ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Natural Quartz ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash ◽  
Fast Firing

Large amounts of waste materials are discarded in the sugarcane industry. This work investigates the reuse of sugarcane bagasse ash waste as an alternative raw material for porcelain stoneware tile bodies, replacing natural quartz by up to 5 wt.%. The tile pieces were fired at 1230 ?C using a fast-firing cycle (< 60min). The technological properties of the fired tile pieces (e.g., linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent density, and flexural strength) were determined. The sintering process was followed by SEM and XRD analyses. The results show that up to 2.5 wt.% sugarcane bagasse ash waste can be used as a partial replacement for quartz in porcelain stoneware tile (group BIa, ISO 13006 standard), providing excellent technical properties. Hence, its application in high-quality ceramic tile for use in civil construction as a low-cost, alternative raw material could be an ideal means of managing sugarcane bagasse ash waste.

scholarly journals LOW- GRADE STRUCTURES OF NOBLE AND NON- FERROUS METALS AND METHODS OF THEIR SELECTIVE SEPARATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169
Author(s):  
Tatyana ALEXANDROVA ◽  
◽  
Anastasia AFANASOVA ◽  
Nadezhda NIKOLAEVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
Flotation Process

There is a worldwide trend of increasing the share of extraction and processing of low-grade minerals, but their extraction and processing volumes are still low. There are several reasons for this: high mining and transportation costs, imperfect techniques and technological difficulties in enrichment and processing of refractory and low-quality minerals. Due to the depletion of reserves of easily beneficiated raw materials and to compensate for the growing shortage of high-quality minerals, the Russian mining industry development strategy provides for the involvement of new and unconventional types of deposits into production. Examples of such deposits are deposits of carbonaceous raw materials (black shale, refractory sulphide carbon-bearing ores, impactites, etc.) containing carbon of varying degrees of metamorphism. On the basis of the most modern mineralogical, physical, nuclear and chemical methods of research of composition, structure and properties of the carbonaceous raw materials at the micro- and nanolevel, the composition of the productive mineral matter, physical, chemical and thermodynamic laws of separation of valuable mineral components and the basic technological processes to obtain the finished product for valorization of the unconventional carbonaceous mineral raw materials were determined with maximum reliability. One of the possible reasons of difficulty of beneficiation of carbonaceous raw materials is the fine phenocrysts in graphite which can be solved by using the flotation process. Contrast of surface properties of minerals with similar technological properties can be increased by application of different energy effects (MEMI, MIO, microwave, electrochemical treatment etc.) at successive stages of raw material transformation, regulation of pulp conditioning conditions (duration and intensity of agitation, heat treatment of pulp) as well as by development and application of selective reagent regimes. The special feature of flotation as a method of extraction of noble and rare metals is the ability to extract valuable metals not only in their native free form, but also in close association with sulphides and carbon. Flotation with the use of intensifying influences made it possible to transfereven low-sized structures of noble and rare metals, which are not extracted by conventional methods of cyanidation, gravitation enrichment and amalgamation, into the concentrate. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of the flotation process is preliminary modification of the additive which is introduced in addition to the main reagents of the sinter - “carrier material”.

Physical Modeling for Selective Laser Sintering Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Gobal ◽  
Bahram Ravani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Modeling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Powdered Material ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Selective Heating

The process of selective laser sintering (SLS) involves selective heating and fusion of powdered material using a moving laser beam. Because of its complicated manufacturing process, physical modeling of the transformation from powder to final product in the SLS process is currently a challenge. Existing simulations of transient temperatures during this process are performed either using finite-element (FE) or discrete-element (DE) methods which are either inaccurate in representing the heat-affected zone (HAZ) or computationally expensive to be practical in large-scale industrial applications. In this work, a new computational model for physical modeling of the transient temperature of the powder bed during the SLS process is developed that combines the FE and the DE methods and accounts for the dynamic changes of particle contact areas in the HAZ. The results show significant improvements in computational efficiency over traditional DE simulations while maintaining the same level of accuracy.

Additive Manufacturing of Nickel-Based Super Alloys for Aero Engine Applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-70
Author(s):  
Raja A. ◽  
Mythreyi O. V. ◽  
Jayaganthan R.
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Complex Design ◽  
Direct Energy ◽  
Second Phases ◽  
Metal Addition

Ni based super alloys are widely used in engine turbines because of their proven performance at high temperatures. Manufacturing these parts by additive manufacturing (AM) methods provides researchers a lot of creative space for complex design to improve efficiency. Powder bed fusion (PBF) and direct energy deposition (DED) are the two most widely-used metal AM methods. Both methods are influenced by the source, parameters, design, and raw material. Selective laser melting is one of the laser-based PBF techniques to create small layer thickness and complex geometry with greater accuracy and properties. The layer-by-layer metal addition generates epitaxial growth and solidification in the built direction. There are different second phases in the Ni-based superalloys. This chapter details the micro-segregation of these particles and its influence on the microstructure, and mechanical properties are dependent on the process influencing parameters, the thermal kinetics during the process, and the post-processing treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of Binding and Dispersion Behavior of High-Entropy Alloy (HEA) Powders on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in a Novel HEA/Diamond Composite

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyang Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Fangzhou Liu ◽  
Yingbo Peng ◽  
Songhao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Entropy Alloy ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Binding Behavior ◽  
Constituent Phase ◽  
Powder Manufacturing

This study reports the results of the addition of diamonds in the sintering process of a FCC-structured CoCrFeNiMo high-entropy alloy. The effect of raw powder states such as elemental mixed (EM) powder, gas atomization (GA) powder and mechanical alloying (MA) powder on the uniformity of constituent phase was also investigated. Examination of microstructure and evaluation of mechanical properties of the composites depending on the mixing processes were performed. As a result, GA+MA powder composite showed the highest mechanical properties. The experimental results indicated that the powder manufacturing method was an essential parameter to determine the quality of HEA/diamond composites such as the uniformity of phase and binding behavior.

Performance of B-Doped SrTiO3/ Ni Sheet for Supercapacitor Material Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Markus Diantoro ◽  
Ahmad Al Ittikhad ◽  
Thathit Suprayogi ◽  
Nasikhudin ◽  
Joko Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Storage Devices

The development of energy storage devices encourages the sustainability of research on basic materials of supercapacitor technology. SrTiO3 is one of metal oxide called as titanate alkali metal ATiO3 (A = Ba, Sr, Ca). This material shows an excellent dielectric constant, thus expected to be potential as raw material of supercapacitor. In this work, boron was used as a dopant on the SrTiO3 system to modify its local structure and enhance the electrical properties. Synthesis SrTi1-xBxO3 was carried out using a solid-state reaction method followed by the sintering process in various molar ratio. The microstructure of SrTi1-xBxO3 compound was identified by X-ray Diffraction with Cu-Kα. XRD pattern identified the presence of SrTi1-xBxO3 phase with a slight change in the lattice parameters. I-V measurement confirmed that the electrical conductivity increased gradually up to 16.04 Ω-1cm-1. For investigating their application for electrode materials, CV was employed and it presents that the specific capacitance and energy density of x = 0.08 were 5.488 Fg-1 and 0.110 Jg-1.

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