scholarly journals Validation of a Weight Threshold–Based Vancomycin Dosing Protocol for Patients Undergoing Intermittent Hemodialysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Xuan (Lisa) Sun ◽  
Kang-Wei (David) Liu ◽  
Stephanie Lynch ◽  
Mielen Mistry ◽  
Heather Wise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Usual Care ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Intermittent Hemodialysis ◽  
Vancomycin Concentration ◽  
Protocol Implementation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTBackground: Patients receiving intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) are at high risk of acquiring gram-positive infections, which are often treated with IV vancomycin. Despite frequent use of vancomycin in the IHD setting, there is variability in dosing and monitoring practices among clinicians at the study institution. There is also a paucity of evidence regarding optimal vancomycin dosing to achieve target pre-IHD serum concentration. Objectives: The primary objective was to compare the percentage of treatment courses with a serum vancomycin concentration between 15 and 20 mg/L, measured before the third IHD session, before and after implementation of a weight threshold–based dosing protocol. The secondary objectives were to compare the percentage of treatment courses with a pre–third IHD vancomycin concentration between 10 and 22 mg/L and the number of vancomycin measurements per treatment day, before and after protocol implementation. Methods: This quasi-experimental, single-centre study included inpatients and outpatients who underwent IHD and received at least 2 IV doses of vancomycin, with vancomycin being measured in an appropriately drawn sample before the third IHD session. Before protocol implementation, vancomycin dosing was at the clinician’s discretion (usual care). After protocol implementation, each patient received a loading dose of 1000, 1500, or 2000 mg and a maintenance dose of 500, 750, or 1000 mg, depending on body weight.Results: The percentage of treatment courses with a pre–third IHD vancomycin concentration between 15 and 20 mg/L was greater after implementation of the protocol than with usual care, but the difference was nonsignificant (44% [8/18] versus 20% [3/15], p = 0.27). However, the percentage of treatment courses with a pre–third IHD vancomycin concentration between 10 and 22 mg/L was significantly higher after protocol implementation (94% [17/18] versus 53% [8/15], p = 0.012). There was no difference in the median number of vancomycin measurements per treatment day before and after protocol implementa-tion (0.133 versus 0.125, p = 0.99). Conclusions: At the study institution, the likelihood of achieving recommended vancomycin concentration increased (relative to previous practice) after implementation of a simplified vancomycin dosing protocol for patients undergoing IHD.RÉSUMÉContexte : Les patients recevant une hémodialyse intermittente (HDI) présentent un risque élevé de contracter des infections à Gram positif, souvent traitées à l’aide de vancomycine par intraveineuse (IV). Malgré l’utilisation fréquente de la vancomycine dans les environnements d’HDI, les pratiques portant sur le dosage et le suivi varient entre les cliniciens de l’institution où l’étude s’est déroulée. Il existe également peu de données probantes sur la dose optimale de vancomycine permettant d’atteindre la concentration sérique cible avant l’HDI. Objectifs : L’objectif principal visait à comparer le pourcentage de traitements à la vancomycine, dont la concentration sérique se situait entre 15 et 20 mg/L, lors de la mesure prise avant la troisième séance de HDI, avant et après la mise en place d’un protocole de dosage basé sur le poids. Les objectifs secondaires visaient à comparer le pourcentage de traitements, dont la concentration de vancomycine mesurée avant la troisième séance d’HDI était comprise entre 10 et 22 mg/L, et le nombre de mesures de vancomycine par jour de traitement, avant et après la mise en place du protocole. Méthodes : Cette étude quasi expérimentale, menée dans un seul centre, comprenait des patients hospitalisés et ambulatoires ayant subi une HDI et reçu au moins deux doses de vancomycine par IV et dont un échantillon prélevé de manière appropriée avant la troisième séance d’HDI a permis de mesurer la vancomycine. Avant la mise en place du protocole, le dosage de vancomycine était laissé à la discrétion du clinicien (soins habituels). Après sa mise en place, chaque patient recevait une dose de charge de 1000, 1500 ou 2000 mg et une dose de maintenance de 500, 750 ou 1000 mg selon sa masse corporelle.Résultats : Le pourcentage de traitements dont la concentration de vancomycine mesurée avant la troisième séance d’HDI était comprise entre 15 et 20 mg/L était plus élevé après la mise en place du protocole qu’après les soins habituels, mais la différence n’était pas significative (44 % [8/18] contre 20 % [3/15], p = 0,27). Cependant, le pourcentage de traitements dont la concentration de vancomycine mesurée avant la troisième séance d’HDI était comprise entre 10 et 22 mg/L était significativement plus élevé après la mise en place du protocole (94 %[17/18] contre 53 % [8/15], p = 0,012). Le nombre moyen de mesures de vancomycine par traitement n’avait pas varié entre le jour précédant et le jour suivant la mise en place du protocole (0,133 contre 0,125, p = 0,99).Conclusions : Dans l’institution où l’étude s’est déroulée, la probabilité d’atteindre la concentration de vancomycine recommandée avait augmenté après la mise en place d’un protocole simplifié de dosage de vancomycine pour les patients recevant une HDI comparativement à une pratique antérieure. 

scholarly journals Effect of pterygium excision on mean corneal curvature.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 568-571
Author(s):  
Saira Bano ◽  
Sumaya Khan ◽  
Mahnoor Waqar ◽  
Moniba Iqbal ◽  
Hamza Waqar Bhatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Corneal Curvature ◽  
Ocular Surgery ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
History Of ◽  
Induced Astigmatism ◽  
Pterygium Excision ◽  
The Difference

Objective: To determine the difference in mean corneal curvatures before and after pterygium excision. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: 1st January 2015 to 1st July 2015. Material & Methods: 68 patients aged between 18 to 65 years were included in the study. Patients with history of ocular trauma, ocular surgery, glaucoma, anti-glaucoma treatment, allergy to steroids, pseudo pterygium, recurrent pterygium and presence of corneal abnormalities such as, scarring that might affect the astigmatic value were excluded. All patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination by slit lamp and best corrected visual acuity and keratometric values were noted. Pterygium excision was done by a single surgeon. BCVA and keratometric readings were taken again after 2 weeks of pterygium excision. Results: Mean age was 37.60 ± 11.11 years. Out of these 68 patients, 44 (64.71%) were male and 24 (35.29%) were females. Mean pre-operative corneal curvature was 2.99 ± 0.69D and post-operative corneal curvature was 1.70 ± 0.40D with P-value of <0.0001 which is statistically significant. Conclusion: This study concluded that pterygium excision brings significant change in corneal curvature in patients of pterygium induced astigmatism.

scholarly journals The difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with fluoride containing toothpaste and without toothpaste

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Setiawan ◽  
Edeh Rolleta Haroen ◽  
Dede Hadidjah
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference

In administering fluoride through drinking water there is the risk of overdose, higher cost and inadequate availability of drinking water containing fluoride in developing countries like Indonesia. A safe fluoride source is contained in toothpaste. The purpose of this research was to obtain data concerning difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with toothpaste containing fluoride and without toothpaste. The research method used was the quasi-experimental method. Samples were collected by the way of purposive sampling, conducted on 43 male and female research subjects. The data were analyzed by statistical analysis using the t test at 95% confidence level. In this research a control group consisting of 43 people was used. Research results indicated that the average saliva pH before brushing was 7.174; after brushing with fluoride containing toothpaste salivary pH was 7.593. Result research of brushing without toothpaste showed an average saliva of 7.163 before brushing and 7.379 after brushing without toothpaste. The average changes in saliva pH before and after brushing using fluoride containing toothpaste was 0.216. The conclusion of this research was that there was significant difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with toothpaste containing fluoride; there was significant difference in saliva pH before and after brushing without toothpaste, and there was significant difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with toothpaste containing fluoride and without toothpaste.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Akupresur dan Minuman Jahe terhadap Pengurangan Intensitas Nyeri Haid/Dismenore Pada Remaja Putri

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Indah Dewi Sari ◽  
Utary Dwi Listiarini
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Menstrual Pain ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference

Half of the women in Indonesia experience menstrual pain / dysmenorrhoea, 54.89%, experience various disorders including abdominal pain, cramps and back pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acupressure, ginger drink and the difference in giving acupressure and ginger drink to reducing the intensity of menstrual pain / dysmenorrhea in young women at SMK Swasta PAB 5 Klambir Lima 2020. The design of this study used a quasi-experimental pre and post test with a sample of 30 students who were divided into two groups. Each group was given acupressure and ginger drink in the morning and evening during menstruation from day one to day two. Respondents were assessed for pain before and after the intervention was given. The results of the Shapiro-Wilk normality test contained Sig data (p <0.05). The Wilcoxon test has a p-value of 0.002 (p <0.05), which means that acupressure is effective in reducing the intensity of menstrual pain / dysmenorrhea, there is a p-value of 0.001 (p <0.05) which means that ginger is effective against reducing pain intensity. menstruation / dysmenorrhea, there is a p-value of 0.034 (p <0.05), which means that there is a difference in the effectiveness of acupressure and ginger drink in reducing the intensity of menstrual pain / dysmenorrhea. There is an effectiveness of giving acupressure, ginger drink, and there is a difference in giving acupressure and ginger drink on the intensity of menstrual pain / dysmenorrhea on young women. It is hoped that the school will provide ginger drinks and acupressure measures to young women who experience menstrual pain / dysmenorrhea so that they can participate in learning activities at school.

scholarly journals Reflection on exam grades to improve calibration of secondary school students: a longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-317
Author(s):  
Marloes L. Nederhand ◽  
Huib K. Tabbers ◽  
Joran Jongerling ◽  
Remy M. J. P. Rikers
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Third ◽  
School Year ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Actual Grade ◽  
Calibration Accuracy ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Grades provide students with information about their level of performance. However, grades may also make students more aware of how well they have estimated their performance, their so-called calibration accuracy. This longitudinal quasi-experimental study, set in secondary education, examined how to increase students’ awareness of the accuracy of their grade estimates in order to improve their calibration accuracy. During an entire school year, students from year 1, 2, and 3 provided grade estimates after each of their French exams. Subsequently, when students received their grades, the level of reflection support on their earlier estimates was manipulated. The first group of students just received their grade, the second group had to calculate the difference between their estimate and the actual grade, and the third group also had to reflect on reasons for a possible mismatch. We expected that more reflection support would lead to more improvement in calibration accuracy. Results showed that providing grade estimates already improved calibration accuracy over the school year, regardless of level of reflection support. This finding shows that asking for grade estimates is an easy-to-implement way to improve calibration accuracy of students in secondary education.

Phosphatidvlcholine and Intraperitoneal Adhesions

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 77-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelos Michael Kappas ◽  
Michael Fatouros ◽  
Kostas Siamopoulos ◽  
Manolis Mylonakis ◽  
Diamantis Cassioumis
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intraperitoneal Adhesions ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

Phosphatidylcholine (PC), which has successfully been used in the past to increase ultrafiltration in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, has recently been found to prevent experimental adhesion formation after intraperitoneal irrigation with warm saline. The aim of this study was to determine the most effective route(s) of PC administration in the aforementioned model. Eighty Wistar rats underwent laparotomy and intraperitoneal irrigation with saline at 40°C, which in 20 rats was followed by closure of the abdomen (control group, Gc). In another 20 rats PC was given per os before and after irrigation (per os PC group, GoPc). In the third group PC was diluted in the irrigation fluid (intraperitoneal PC group, GIPC), and in the last group PC was given per os and intraperitoneally (combined PC group, Gcpc) Assessment of adhesions was performed 2 weeks after the irrigation. Adhesions were found in 12 rats in the Gc, 5 rats in the Gopc (p=0.05, Fisher's test), 17 rats in the GIPC, and 3 rats in the Gcpc (p=0.007, Fisher's test). The difference between Gopc and Gcpc was not statistically significant. The decreased adhesion formation after PC administration combined with the increased ultrafiltration may be of considerable importance in CAPD patients.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN VAK (VISUALISASI, AUDITORI, KINESTETIK) TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR PAI PADA SISWA DI SDN TLOGOMULYO TEMANGGUNG

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Kartika Hartanti
Keyword(s):  
Learning Model ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Class V ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of VAK learning model on the learning achievement of PAI in class V Tlogomulyo Waterford Elementary School. This study was a quasi-experimental study (quasi-experimental). Subjects in this study consisted of 26 students of class V. The data was collected using VAK learning guidelines, test learning Islamic education, observation, documentation, and interviews. The validity of the instrument showing of 10 items proved to be valid all, are the results of the analysis show the reliability coefficient of 0.710 and otherwise reliable. Analysis of the data used in the form of comparative analysis using t-test. The results showed that there are significant implementation VAK learning model significantly to the learning outcomes of Islamic education. It can be seen from the difference in learning achievement Islam shortly before and after the given method VAK, the t value of 0.828 and significance level (p) of 0.05. In addition, an increase in the average acquisition value before application of VAK learning model (pre-test = 71.9) and after application of VAK learning model (post-test = 87.3). This shows an increase in the average value of 15.4. By looking at the difference in the score of the pre test and post test, shows that the VAK learning model is a model of effective learning for learning PAI.

scholarly journals PENGARUH TERAPI MUROTTAL TERHADAP TINGKAT KONSENTRASI SISWA KELAS VIII. G DI MTSN 2 MUARA ENIM TAHUN 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Shinta Maharani ◽  
Devy Dwi Putri
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Mean Concentration

One of the tasks of the development of children aged 11-15 years is to think in a more abstract and logical way and more idealistic thinking. This ability to think will be disrupted if teenagers have difficulty concentrating during learning. Therefore we need a method that is fun and can make children relax in learning so that they can concentrate their concentration on ongoing learning. One method that can be used is the Murrotal Al-Qur'an therapy. The aim of the study was to determine whether there was any effect of murottal therapy on the concentration of students at Muara Enim 2 MTsN. This study used a quasi-experimental design with the design of the one group pretest posttest. The sample used was all students of class VIII.G at MTsN 2 Muara Enim. The results showed that the average concentration score of class VIII.G students before Murottal therapy was given was 10.84 with a standard deviation of 3.043. While the average concentration score of class VIII.G students after being given murottal therapy was 17.90 with a standard deviation of 1.233, so that the difference in mean concentration scores before and after murottal therapy was 7.06 with a standard deviation of 1.81. Wilcoxon signed ranks test obtained ρ value = 0,000, with a value of α = 0.05 (p <0.05), this shows that there is a significant difference between the concentration of students before and after being given murottal therapy. It is expected that the school can make a policy about the application of murottal therapy in increasing student concentration.

scholarly journals The difference of the salivary volume before and after drinking the rosella tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa)

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutiara Indah Permata Sari Islami ◽  
Edeh Roletta Haroen ◽  
Sri Tjahajawati
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Community Benefits ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Roselle plants (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is one of the herbs that began to be used by the community. Benefits of this plant is quite a lot for health. The portion taken for consumption is the red flower petals. oselle tea is one of the sour beverages which can affect the salivary gland secretion. The purpose of this study is to analyzed the difference of salivary volume before and after drinking roselle tea. Methods: This study has been conducted to 40 students of Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, ranging from 18-23 years of age with good general condition. This study is quasi-experimental in vitro study using the paired test analysis with α = 0,05 of the data collected from salivary volume. Results: The result of study indicates that the average of salivary volume before drinking roselle tea is 1,90 milliliter. After drinking roselle tea, the average of salivary volume is 4,54 milliliter. The result of paired test analysis shows that t-test is 16,172 and t-table is 2,022. The value of t-test > t-table. Result of statistic shown there is significant difference of salivary volume before and after drinking roselle tea. Conclusion: There is a difference of salivary volume before and after drinking roselle tea.

scholarly journals KAKSA Orang Tua Siswa TK : Komunitas Anti Kekerasan Seksual pada Anak

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Ira Paramastri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
General Education ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Knowledge Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Currently, primary prevention efforts for child sexual abuse (CSA) are mostly done as general education program for children at school. The program is criticized for placing responsibility of child protection solely on the children and rarely involves family, community, and children’s surrounding neighborhood. This study aimed to examine CSA psychoeducational prevention toward kindergarteners parents’ knowledge after an intervention in form of psychoeducational leaflets and booklets. The study was quasi-experimental study with the one group pretest-posttest design. Twenty six parents of kindergarteners participated in the study. Istruments used for the study was CSA knowledge test. Quantitative analysis was used to describe the difference of kindergarteners parents’ knowledge before and after the program (p=0.006, p<0.05). Psychoeducation with booklet and leaflet was able to improve kindergarteners parents’ knowledge on CSA prevention.

scholarly journals Differences in blood pressure before and after consuming cucumber juice (Cucumis sativus) in women aged 30-40 years

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Franklin ◽  
Edeh Roletta Haroen ◽  
Sri Tjahajawati
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Decrease Blood Pressure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Village

Introduction: Cucumber contains pottasium that can decrease blood pressure. This study was implemented to obtain data about the difference in blood pressure before and after consuming cucumber essence (Cucumis sativus) at women aged 30-40 years. Aim of this research is to analyzed difference s of blood pressure between before and after consuming cucumber essence (Cucumis sativus) at women aged 30-40 years. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental with pair measurement statistic data test. Total samples of this study were 30 women at RW 02, Sukawarna district, Sukajadi, house of the village-head. Results: the average of systole before consume cucumber essence was 119,29 mmHg and after to be 115,09 mmHg. The average of diastole before consume cucumber essence was 80,91 mmHg and after to be 78,16 mmHg. Statsitic analysis showed if α = 0,05 (t0,975) value of tcalc both systolic and diastolic blood pressure > ttable so that H0 rejected and H1 accepted. Conclusion: this study showed a difference in blood pressure between before and after consuming cucumber essence (Cucumis sativus) at women aged 30-40 years.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document