scholarly journals Biofungicide Producing Bacteria: an In Vitro Inhibitor of Ganoderma boninense

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Ade Irma ◽  
Anja Meryandini ◽  
Bedah Rupaedah
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ganoderma Boninense ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Tlc Analysis

Oil palm is widely known as one of vegetable oil sources and the main comodity in Indonesian agriculture because of the benefits in non-food and food industries. Ganoderma boninense attack results in considerable losses to agriculture. Chemical control creates a harmful effect on health and the environment. Biocontrol is required to take over the function of chemical control. This study aimed to select bacteria that produce bioactive compounds as biofungicide against G. boninense pathogenic fungi and identify bacteria producing biofungicide using molecular method. The stages of bacterial isolate selection were performed through the selected hemolysis and isolate tests in the antagonistic test. Bacteria were extracted using ethyl acetate and their extract activity were tested. Analysis of bioactive compounds was conducted using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and the identification was based on 16S rRNA gene. The result of bacterial pathogenic test was obtained from two selected bacterial isolates namely 11B LB and 11B MD. Both bacterial isolates showed antagonistic effects by forming an inhibitory zone against G. boninense growth with percentage of inhibitor of 81 and 75%. Activity test of bacterial extract showed that crude extract of bacterial isolate 11B MD had the highest inhibitor activity that is 88.34%. TLC analysis proved that the active extract of bacteria containing metabolite compounds had Rf value of 0.1, 0.28, and 0.38. Isolate bacteria 11B MD was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Diversity and Biocontrol Potential of Cultivable Endophytic Bacteria Associated with Halophytes from the West Aral Sea Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1448
Author(s):  
Lei Gao ◽  
Jinbiao Ma ◽  
Yonghong Liu ◽  
Yin Huang ◽  
Osama Abdalla Abdelshafy Mohamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Isolation Effect ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Aral Sea Basin ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens

Endophytes associated with halophytes may contribute to the host’s adaptation to adverse environmental conditions through improving their stress tolerance and protecting them from various soil-borne pathogens. In this study, the diversity and antifungal activity of endophytic bacteria associated with halophytic samples growing on the shore of the western Aral Sea in Uzbekistan were investigated. The endophytic bacteria were isolated from the nine halophytic samples by using the culture-dependent method and identified according to their 16S rRNA gene sequences. The screening of endophytic bacterial isolates with the ability to inhibit pathogenic fungi was completed by the plate confrontation method. A total of 289 endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from the nine halophytes, and they belong to Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. The predominant genera of the isolated endophytic bacteria were Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Streptomyces, accounting for 38.5%, 24.7%, and 12.5% of the total number of isolates, respectively. The comparative analysis indicated that the isolation effect was better for the sample S8, with the highest diversity and richness indices. The diversity index of the sample S7 was the lowest, while the richness index of samples S5 and S6 was the lowest. By comparing the isolation effect of 12 different media, it was found that the M7 medium had the best performance for isolating endophytic bacteria associated with halophytes in the western Aral Sea Basin. In addition, the results showed that only a few isolates have the ability to produce ex-enzymes, and eight and four endophytic bacterial isolates exhibited significant inhibition to the growth of Valsa mali and Verticillium dahlia, respectively. The results of this study indicated that halophytes are an important source for the selection of microbes that may protect plant from soil-borne pathogens.

scholarly journals Biological Transformation of Zearalenone by Some Bacterial Isolates Associated with Ruminant and Food Samples

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Sharif Zada ◽  
Sadia Alam ◽  
Samha Al Ayoubi ◽  
Qismat Shakeela ◽  
Sobia Nisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Mrs Broth

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium spp., the filamentous fungi. Food and feed contamination with zearalenone has adverse effects on health and economy. ZEA degradation through microorganisms is providing a promising preventive measure. The current study includes isolation of 47 bacterial strains from 100 different food and rumen samples. Seventeen isolates showed maximum activity of ZEA reduction. A bacterial isolate, RS-5, reduced ZEA concentration up to 78.3% through ELISA analysis and 74.3% as determined through HPLC. Ten of the most efficient strains were further selected for comparison of their biodegradation activity in different conditions such as incubation period, and different growth media. The samples were analyzed after 24 hrs, 48 hrs, and 72 hrs of incubation. De Man Rogosa Sharp (MRS) broth, Tryptic soy broth, and nutrient broth were used as different carbon sources for comparison of activity through ELISA. The mean degradation % ± SD through ELISA and HPLC were 70.77% ± 3.935 and 69.11% ± 2.768, respectively. Optimum reducing activity was detected at 72 hrs of incubation, and MRS broth is a suitable medium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequences confirmed that one of the bacterial isolate RS-5 bacterial isolates with higher mycotoxin degradation is identified as Bacillus subtilis isolated from rumen sample. B05 (FSL-8) bacterial isolate of yogurt belongs to the genus Lactobacillus with 99.66% similarity with Lactobacillus delbrukii. Similarly, three other bacterial isolates, D05, H05 and F04 (FS-17, FSL-2 and FS-20), were found to be the sub-species/strains Pseudomonas gessardii of genus Pseudomonas based on their similarity level of (99.2%, 96% and 96.88%) and positioning in the phylogenetic tree. Promising detoxification results were revealed through GC-MS analysis of RS-5 and FSL-8 activity.

scholarly journals Kemampuan Penghambatan Formulasi Biofungisida Tepung Berbahan Aktif Trichoderma pseudokoningii Rifai Setelah Penyimpanan Terhadap Jamur Ganoderma boninense Pat. secara in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Rachmad Saputra ◽  
Yetti Elfina ◽  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Ganoderma Boninense ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trichoderma Pseudokoningii

Trichoderma pseudokoningii fungus has been tested as biological control agents against several pathogenic fungi, including the Ganoderma boninense fungus which causes basal stem rot disease on oil palm. However, in-field testing, the efficacy of antagonistic microbes still showed unstable results. Therefore, it is necessary to package antagonistic microbes in the form of formulations. This study aimed to determine the effect of storage time of flour biofungicide formulations on the viability and antagonism of T. pseudokoningii Rifai in inhibiting the G. boninense pathogenic fungus in vitro.  The study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments: bagasse (F1), rice husks (F2), dregs (F4) and combinations of bagasse, rice husks and dregs (F12), with three replications.  The results showed that the powder biofungicide formulation of F2 (rice husk) was able to maintain the viability of the T. pseudokoningii fungus as indicated by the high number of conidia and high growth rate compared to the other formulations.  The T. pseudokoningii fungus in F2 formulation also showed the highest inhibition compared to other formulations after storage for 1 and 2 months. Keywords: biofungicide, formulation, Ganoderma boninense, Trichoderma pseudokoningii   ABSTRAK Jamur Trichoderma pseudokoningii telah banyak diuji sebagai jamur antagonis pada beberapa jamur patogen termasuk jamur Ganoderma boninense yang menyebabkan penyakit busuk pangkal batang tanaman kelapa sawit. Namun, pada pengujian di lapangan, efikasi mikroba antagonis masih menunjukkan hasil yang tidak stabil. Oleh karenaya perlu pengemasan mikroba antagonis dalam bentuk formulasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu penyimpanan formulasi biofungisida tepung terhadap viabilitas dan daya antagonis T. Pseudokoningii Rifai dalam menghambat jamur G. boninense Pat. secara in vitro. Penelitian disusun dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan: ampas tebu (F1), sekam padi (F2), dregs (F4) dan kombinasi ampas tebu, sekam padi dan dregs (F12), dengan tiga ulangan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formulasi biofungisida tepung F2 (sekam padi) mampu menjaga viabilitas jamur T. pseudokoningii yang ditunjukkan dengan banyaknya jumlah konidia dan tingginya kecepatan pertumbuhan dibandingkan dengan formulasi lainnya.  Jamur T. pseudokoningii pada formulasi F2 juga menunjukkan daya hambat tertinggi dibandingkan dengan formulasi lainnya setelah penyimpanan 1 dan 2 bulan. Kata kunci: biofungisida, formulasi, Ganoderma boninense, Trichoderma pseudokoningii

scholarly journals The potential of amylase enzyme activity against bacteria isolated from several lakes in East Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
INDAH KHOIRUN NISA ◽  
Prabaningtyas Sitoresmi ◽  
BETTY LUKIATI ◽  
RINA TRITURANI SAPTAWATI ◽  
ACHMAD RODIANSYAH
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Abstract. Nisa IK, Prabaningtyas S, Lukiati B, Saptawati RT, Rodiansyah A. 2021. The potential of amylase enzyme activity against bacteria isolated from several lakes in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 42-49. Indonesia is one country that has water resources having an abundance of microbial diversity, but not explored massively. This study aims to measure the amylase activity quantitatively from 53 amylolytic bacterial isolates from Ranu Pani, Ranu Regulo, Ranu Grati, and Ngebel Lake; also it identifies the isolate with the highest amylase enzyme activity. The amylase enzyme activity test calculates with DNS (Dinitrosalycylic acid) method, molecular identification of the highest bacterial isolate is based on the 16S rRNA gene. Its relationship is determined through the phylogenetic tree with the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method. The results showed that the fifty-three bacterial isolates have amylase activity about 0.000-0.016 units/mL. The KN bacterial isolate from Ranu Ngebel was the highest amylase activity, producing enzyme around 0.016 units/mL, while isolate G20 from Ranu Grati was the lowest, reaching about 0.0001 Unit/mL. Based on the morphological and molecular identification, the KN bacterial isolate is classified as the Bacillus cereus group with 99.4-100% sequence similarity, closely related to Bacillus paramycoides (NR 157734.1).

scholarly journals Compost bacteria as potential agents in biological plant control

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-326
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Activity Spectrum ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

The assumptions of integrated pest management put great emphasis on the development of non-chemical methods which increases the interest in biological methods and the search for microorganisms that would be an alternative to the most frequently used fungicides. The aim of the experiments was the isolation of the compost bacteria, in vitro determination of their fungistatic activity against some pathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium, Alternaria, Sclerotinia, Botrytis, Rhizoctonia and Pythium and identification of selected isolates. From the backyard compost, 44 bacterial strains were isolated and assessed for the fungistatic properties by the well diffusion method. The obtained results allowed for the selection of 12 isolates of compost bacteria, characterised by the broadest and the strongest fungistatic activity spectrum against tested fungi. Identification of bacterial isolates by: MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods showed their belonging to the species Bacillus subtilis, Alcaligenes faecalis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Serratia liquefaciens.

scholarly journals EKSPLORASI DAN UJI SENYAWA BIOAKTIF BAKTERI AGENSIA HAYATI UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT KRESEK PADA PADI

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Sri Kurniawati ◽  
Kikin Hamzah Mutaqin ◽  
Giyanto .
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Chitinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Rice Bacterial Blight ◽  
Phosphate Dissolution

Exploration of bacterial biocontrol agent and its potential bioactive compound to control rice bacterial leaf blight. The research aims were to obtain bacterial isolates which were potential as biological control agent of X. oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of rice bacterial blight and to assess the effectiveness of their bioactive compounds, and to identify of the potential isolates. The research steps included bacterial isolation, screening based on antibiosis activity and pathogenicity test, characterization based on chitinolytic enzyme production, siderophores, and phosphate dissolution test, effectiveness test of bioactive compounds and molecular identification of potential isolates. Out of 156 bacterial isolates from rice crop tested, 11 isolates showed to be non plant pathogenic and to have activity as biological agents against X. oryzae pv. oryzae pathotype III, IV and VIII. Further characterization of 11 isolates resulted in 2 isolates that showrd ability to produce chitinase (isolates T5-1118 and R7-1018), phosphatase (isolates T5-1105 and T6-1109), and siderophores (isolates T5-1118 and T6- 1109). The test of bioactive compound effectiveness of 4 isolates to the growth of X. oryzae pv. oryzae showed thatT5-1118, T5-1105, T6-1109 and R7-1018 have ability to inhibit X. oryzae pv. oryzae at 48 hours after inoculation of 66,61%, 62,4%, 23,97% and 12,40%, respectively. Identification of 4 bacterial biocontrol isolates with partial sequencing of 16S rRNA gene showed that those bacteria are close to Bacillus nealsonii strain F22 (R7-1018), Chromobacterium sp. MWU328 (T5-1118), Streptomyces sp. Antag 1 (T5-1105) and Kitasatospora nipponensis strains H2-4 (T6-1109).

scholarly journals POTENSI JAMUR ENDOFIT TANAMAN KARET DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR AKAR PUTIH (Rigidoporus microporus) SECARA IN VITRO

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Widya Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Rubber Plant ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Root Fungi

One of the environmentally friendly control alternatives that can be done, namely by utilizing biological agents in the form of endophytic fungi that are antagonistic. This study aims to study and obtain information about the potential of endophytic fungi in inhibiting white root fungi in vitro. Endophytic fungi isolation is carried out by sterilizing the surface of the stem of the rubber plant and culture it on agar nutrient media. Five endophytic bacterial isolates were obtained from the roots of rubber plants, respectively: JEB01, JEB02, JEB03, JEB04 and JEB05. Fungal isolates were tested antagonistically in vitro against Rigidoporus microporus. Two fungal isolates, JEB01 and JEB02 showed the best antagonist in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi Rigidoporus microporus in vitro. Keywords: endophytic fungi, in vitro, Rigidoporus microporus, rubber plants (Hevea brasilliensis

scholarly journals UJI ANTAGONIS BAKTERI TERHADAP CENDAWAN PATOGEN PENYAKIT BLAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Zuraidah Zuraidah ◽  
Qatrun Nida ◽  
Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Vitro Analysis

Damage to leaves, panicles, and stems of rice plants caused by fungal pathogens, Pyricularia grisea, which causes Blas. Control of this disease by the use of biological agents in the form of bacteria which is Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and consortium. This research aims to determine the ability of these bacterial isolates to inhibit the growth of Pyricularia grisea. This research was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The working procedures in this research were sampling of pathogenic fungi, making Pyricularia grisea liquid inoculum, and testing bacterial antagonists for pathogenic fungi in vitro. Analysis of variance (ANAVA) was used, with Fcount = 802.66 and Ftable = 3.48 with a significant level of α = 0.05 (5%) proved that the isolates of the bacteria Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa could play an antagonistic role towards the fungus Pyricularia grisea. The results of this research indicate that bacterial isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Pyricularia grisea by the formation of the largest average clear zone in the treatment of Bacillus cereus bacteria which was 9.57 mm. The clear zone in the fungicide is 9.53 mm, the consortium is 9.37 mm, and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 8.2 mm.

scholarly journals Diversity and biological activity of culturable endophytic bacteria associated with marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-353
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Shurigin ◽  
◽  
Burak Alaylar ◽  
Kakhramon Davranov ◽  
Stephan Wirth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens

<abstract> <p>Endophytes colonizing plant tissue play an essential role in plant growth, development, stress tolerance and plant protection from soil-borne diseases. In this study, we report the diversity of cultivable endophytic bacteria associated with marigold (<italic>Calendula officinalis</italic> L.) by using 16S rRNA gene analysis and their plant beneficial properties. A total of 42 bacterial isolates were obtained from plant tissues of marigold. They belonged to the genera <italic>Pantoea, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Xanthomonas, Rathayibacter, Agrobacterium, Pseudoxanthomonas</italic>, and <italic>Beijerinckia</italic>. Among the bacterial strains, <italic>P. kilonensis</italic> FRT12, and <italic>P. rhizosphaerae</italic> FST5 showed moderate or vigorous inhibition against three tested plant pathogenic fungi, <italic>F. culmorum, F. solani</italic> and <italic>R. solani</italic>. They also demonstrated the capability to produce hydrolytic enzymes and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Five out of 16 isolates significantly stimulated shoot and root growth of marigold in a pot experiment. The present study reveals that more than half of the bacterial isolates associated with marigold (<italic>C. officinalis</italic> L.) provided antifungal activity against one or more plant pathogenic fungi. Our findings suggest that medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity could be a source for selecting microbes with antagonistic activity against fungal plant pathogens or with plant growth stimulating potential. These isolates might be considered as promising candidates for the improvement of plant health.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals Potential Role of Rhizobacteria Isolated from Citrus Rhizosphere for Biological Control of Citrus Dry Root Rot

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Said Ezrari ◽  
Oumayma Mhidra ◽  
Nabil Radouane ◽  
Abdessalem Tahiri ◽  
Giancarlo Polizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

Citrus trees face threats from several diseases that affect its production, in particular dry root rot (DRR). DRR is a multifactorial disease mainly attributed to Neocosmospora (Fusarium) solani and other several species of Neocosmospora and Fusarium spp. Nowadays, biological control holds a promising control strategy that showed its great potential as a reliable eco-friendly method for managing DRR disease. In the present study, antagonist rhizobacteria isolates were screened based on in vitro dual culture bioassay with N. solani. Out of 210 bacterial isolates collected from citrus rhizosphere, twenty isolates were selected and identified to the species level based on the 16S rRNA gene. Molecular identification based on 16S rRNA gene revealed nine species belonging to Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas, and Sphingobacterium genus. In addition, their possible mechanisms involved in biocontrol and plant growth promoting traits were also investigated. Results showed that pectinase, cellulose, and chitinase were produced by eighteen, sixteen, and eight bacterial isolates, respectively. All twenty isolates were able to produce amylase and protease, only four isolates produced hydrogen cyanide, fourteen isolates have solubilized tricalcium phosphate, and ten had the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Surprisingly, antagonist bacteria differed substantially in their ability to produce antimicrobial substances such as bacillomycin (five isolates), iturin (ten isolates), fengycin (six isolates), surfactin (fourteen isolates), and bacteriocin (subtilosin A (six isolates)). Regarding the PGPR capabilities, an increase in the growth of the bacterial treated canola plants, used as a model plant, was observed. Interestingly, both bacterial isolates Bacillus subtilis K4-4 and GH3-8 appear to be more promising as biocontrol agents, since they completely suppressed the disease in greenhouse trials. Moreover, these antagonist bacteria could be used as bio-fertilizer for sustainable agriculture.

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