Effects of the Ethanolic Extract of Bulbostylis coleotricha (Hochst.Exa. Rich.) on Inflammation in Adult Wistar Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
BV Owoyele ◽  
AIR Abioye ◽  
AL Oyewole ◽  
MO Ameen ◽  
IO Owemidu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Cotton Pellet ◽  
Cotton Pellet Granuloma

Bulbostylis coleotricha (family Cyperaceae) is a stem-tufted plant found in tropical region of Africa. It is locally used in treating various ailments among the African folks. Despite the high esteem this plant is held in Africa, there is dearth of scientific studies on B. coleotricha. This, in addition to the alarming increase in inflammatory diseases around the world, makes the present study to focus on the effect of the B. coleotricha extract on laboratory induced inflammation. Twenty-five adult Wistar rats, weighing between 225-287g were used for this experiment, and were randomly divided into five groups of five rats per group. The groups were labelled and treated as follow: Group 1, the negative control group, was treated with 10 ml/kg body weight (b. w.) of distilled water. Groups 2, 3 and 4, the treated groups, were treated with 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg/kg b. w. of ethanolic extract of B. coleotricha respectively. Doses were based on the local information on B. coleotricha usages. Group 5, the positive control group, was treated with 5mg/kg b. w. of indomethacin. In all the groups, the effects of all treatments were checked on induced inflammation using cotton pellet granuloma and carrageenan induced paw oedema model. The results in the two models used showed that ethanolic extract of B. coleotricha significantly inhibited inflammation in the treated groups. In the cotton pellet granuloma test the extract at the dose of 100 mg reduced granuloma formation from 30.2 ± 2.4 mg to 11.2 ± 2.6 mg reduced paw oedema from 7.0 ± 1.7 mm to 2.4 ± 0.8 mm (control is 100 mg/kg). In conclusion, this study established that Bulbostylis coleotricha plant is effective in the treatment of inflammation and can be explored in the treatment of various diseases with underlying inflammation.Keywords: Bulbostylis coleotricha, Inflammation, Cotton Pellet Granuloma, Carrageenan-induced Paw Oedema

Effect of Chayote (Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz) Extract on Level of Interleukin-8 in Wistar Rats with Aspirin-Induced Gastritis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrika Andriana Silitonga ◽  
◽  
Gontar Alamsyah Siregar ◽  
Rosita Juwita Sembiring ◽  
Marline Nainggolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sechium Edule

ABSTRACT Background: Recent studies showed that Interleukin-8 (IL-8), activated cytokine immune response which plays an important role in the development of acute and chronic gastritis. Harmless anti-inflammatory therapeutic alternatives have been proposed, for example, the consumption of Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz (chayote). Antioxidant (flavonoid) and cell regeneration (alkaloid) agents were found in chayote. This study aimed to determine the effect of chayote Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz extracts on the level of IL-8 in Wistar rats with aspirin- induced gastritis. Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted at the laboratory of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sumatra Utara from January to February 2020. A total of 35 male Wistar rats was selected for this study and randomly allocated into 7 groups: (1) Negative control; (2) Positive control; (3) 100 mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract ; (4) 200 mg/kg BW chayote ethanol extract; (5) 100 mg/ kg BW chayote ethyl acetate fraction; (6) 200 mg/kg BW chayote ethyl acetate fraction; and (7) 20 mg omeprazole. The rats in positive control and treatment groups were induced with aspirin (200mg/ kg BW). The negative control group received no intervention. The dependent variable was level of IL-8 measured by ELISA. The independent variables were treatment status. The data were analyzed by One Way Anova and post hoc test. Results: The mean differences of IL-8 level were not statistically significant between study groups (p= 0.327). Mean of IL-8 level was higher in positive control group (Mean= 160.80; SD= 6.90) than in negative control group (Mean= 141.20; SD= 10.98). The lowest IL-8 level was in 100mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract group (Mean= 149.94; SD= 40.4), followed by 200mg/ kg BW (Mean= 152.4; SD= 30.73) and 100mg/ kg BW (Mean= 164.60; SD= 25.04) chayote ethyl acetate fraction groups, 20 mg omeprazole group (Mean= 170.60; SD= 21.58), and 200 mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract group (Mean= 176.80; SD= 10.98). Conclusion: The low dose (100mg/ kg BW) chayote ethanol extract has the most potential antiinflammation effect on in vitro gastritis with the lowest IL-8 level of all doses of chayote ethanol extract, chayote ethyl acetate fraction, and omeprazole. Keywords: antiinflammation, IL-8, chayote ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, omeprazole, aspirin induced gastritis Correspondence: Hendrika Andriana Silitonga. Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281361430688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.35

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ASAM KANDIS (GARCINIA XANTHOCHYMUS HOOK. F. EX T. ANDERSON) FRUIT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Hanafis Sastra Winata ◽  
Rosidah Rosidah ◽  
Panal Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Garcinia Xanthochymus ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

 Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity in acute and subacute models of inflammation from ethanolic fruit extract of Asam kandis (Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. f. ex T. Anderson) in animal (rats) models.Methods: Pleliminary phytochemical screening was carried out by using standard procedures.. Assessment of acute and subacute models of inflammation was using carrageenan-induced paw edema method and cotton pellet granuloma method using three dosage treatments; 200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW, and 800 mg/kg BW along with a negative control group (0.5% Na CMC) and positive control (Na diclofenac 2.25 mg/kg BW). The inhibition period was observed at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min time intervals.Result: The phytochemical screening showed that the ethanolic fruit extract from Asam kandis contain contains flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, and triterpenoids. The anti-inflammatory result showed that the strongest inhibition produced by ethanolic fruit extract of Asam kandis occurred on the dosage of 800 mg/kg BW compared to the other doses (200 and 400 mg/kg BW) throughout the observation period.Conclusion: This finding indicated that ethanolic fruit extract of Asam kandis (G. xanthochymus Hook. f. ex T. Anderson) might become an interesting candidate for treatment of inflammation.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Investigation of the Wound Healing Activity of Cestrum nocturnum (L.) Ointment in Wistar Albino Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemant Kumar Nagar ◽  
Amit Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Rajnish Srivastava ◽  
Madan Lal Kurmi ◽  
Harinarayan Singh Chandel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Healing Effect ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
Wound Healing Effect ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Objectives. The present study was aimed at investigating the wound healing effect of ethanolic extract of Cestrum nocturnum (L.) leaves (EECN) using excision and incision wound model. Methods. Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups each consisting of six animals; group I (left untreated) considered as control, group II (ointment base treated) considered as negative control, group III treated with 5% (w/w) povidone iodine ointment (Intadine USP), which served as standard, group IV treated with EECN 2% (w/w) ointment, and group V treated with EECN 5% (w/w) ointment were considered as test groups. All the treatments were given once daily. The wound healing effect was assessed by percentage wound contraction, epithelialization period, and histoarchitecture studies in excision wound model while breaking strength and hydroxyproline content in the incision wound model. Result. Different concentration of EECN (2% and 5% w/w) ointment promoted the wound healing activity significantly in both the models studied. The high rate of wound contraction (P<0.001), decrease in the period for epithelialization (P<0.01), high skin breaking strength (P<0.001), and elevated hydroxyproline content were observed in animal treated with EECN ointments when compared to the control and negative control group of animals. Histopathological studies of the EECN ointments treated groups also revealed the effectiveness in improved wound healing. Conclusions. Ethanolic extract of Cestrum nocturnum (EECN) leaves possesses a concentration dependent wound healing effect.

scholarly journals ANTI-TRYPANOSOMA ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF NEEM LEAF (Azadirachta indica) ON Trypanosoma evansi IN RATS (Rattus norvegicus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Yudha Fahrimal ◽  
Siti Maghfirah ◽  
Rinidar Rinidar ◽  
Al Azhar ◽  
Nuzul Asmilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of neem leaf extract (Azadirachta indica) on parasitemia of rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) Aceh local isolate. A total of 24 male rats aged three months were used in this study and randomly divided into six treatment groups equally. The negative control group (K0) without T. evansi infection and neem leaf extract, the positive control group (K1) was infected with T. evansi but no neem leaf extract given, group K2, K3, K4, and K5 were infected with 5x104 T. evansi and were given neem leaf extract after patent infection with dose of 50, 100, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW respectively. The extract was given orally for three consecutive days. On the fourth day, rat blood was drawn for parasitemia examination. The results showed that no T. evansi detected in rats in negative control group (K0), while parasitemia in group K1; K2; K3; K4; and K5 was 12,295 x106/mL; 10,495 x106/mL; 9,360 x106/mL; 5,080x106/mL; and 2,398x106/mL of blood, respectively. Percentage of inhibition of parasitemia in K2, K3, K4, and K5 reached 14.64, 23.78, 58.68, and 80.50%, respectively. Based on the result of the study, neem leaf extract of 800 mg/kg BW gave the highest reduction of parasitemia in rats infected with T. evansi.

scholarly journals Analgesic Activity of Ethanol Extract of Temu Giring Rhizome (Curcuma heyneana Val & Zijp) in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Marianne ◽  
Khairunnisa ◽  
Wilda
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Thermal Induction

Temu giring (Curcuma heyneana Val & Zijp) is a traditional medicinal plant that is believed in community as an analgesic. The objective of this research was to determine the analgesic activity of the C. heyneana rhizome by using infra red (IR) thermal induction method in mice. Mice were divided into 7 groups. Group 1 served as negative control, group 2,3,4,5 served as treatment groups which is  given ethanolic extract of C. heyneana rhizome at  dose of 5, 25, 125, and 625 mg/kg respectively, group 6 and 7 served as  comparable groups, given antalgin 65 mg/kg and morphine sulphate 1.3 mg/kg respectively. The observation have been done, included to pain resistance of mice which exposed by infra red (IR) every 10 minutes for 80 minutes. The data were analyzed by ANOVA at the significance level of 95%. Ethanolic extract of C. heyneana at the doses of 25, 125, and 625 mg/kg had significant effect to reduce the pain compared to the negative control (p<0.05). Ethanolic extract of C. heyneana rhizome at dose of 125 mg/kg, had the same effect to antalgin 65 mg/kg  (p≥0.05), while the ethanolic extract of C. heyneana at the dose of 625 mg/kg had the same effect as morphine sulfate 1.3 mg/kg (p≥0.05). It can be concluded that ethanolic extract of C. heyneana rhizome has analgesic activity.   Keywords: temu giring, analgesic, Curcuma heyneana, rhizome

scholarly journals Stimulantia Effect Of Single Bulb Garlic Extract (Allium Sativum Var.Solo Garlic) in Swiss Webster Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Ika Buana Januarti
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stimulant Effect ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Garlic Bulb ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 5

Stimulant is an agent that stimulates the central nervous system thereby increasing physical and mental abilities and minimizing fatigue. The use of synthetic caffeine stimulants of 10 mg / kg BW is known to have side effects of increasing total cholesterol and increasing LDL, therefore alternative stimulants from natural ingredients are needed. Natural materials that have been studied contain flavonoids and phenolic as a stimulant compound is a single garlic bulbs. The purpose of this study was to determine the stimulant effect of a single garlic bulbs ethanolic extract on mice from the difference in swimming time. The research experimental used Pre test and Post test control design. Sample of this research used mice which were divided into 6 groups. Group 1 pretest dose 5 g / kgBB, group 2 (negative control), group 3 (caffeine), group 4 extract dose 5g / kgBB, group 5 dose 10g / kgBB and group 6 dose 20g / kgBB. Data was analyze using one way Anova continued with Post Hoc test. The group of single garlic bulb ethanolic extract dose 20 g / kgBB had the highest stimulant effect with 222,722 minutes fatigue time difference and statistically have significant difference (p <0.05) than the negative control group. Group of single garlic bulb extract can influence the time of fatigue of mice by extending the swimming time of mice so that it has a longer fatigue time which means it has a stimulant effect

scholarly journals PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN GEDI (Abelmoschus manihot L.) TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI AORTA TIKUS WISTAR DENGAN DIET ATEROGENIK

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadya Nadiratika Papodi
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Foam Cells ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pork Lard ◽  
Pork Fat

Abstract: High blood cholesterol is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Gedi plants contain polyphenolic compounds that can lowering blood cholesterol levels. This study aimed to find out the effect of gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L) leaves extract on histopatologic features of aorta of those wistar rats, which had been administered an atherogenic diet. This was an experimental study on animal using 20 Wistar rats as samples. The rats were divided into 4 different groups, 5 rats for each group. Negative control group was fed only pelet, positive control group was fed pork fat as much as 2 ml/day, group C was fed on pork fat and gedi leaf extract, and group D was fed on pork fat then continued with gedi leaf extract. The results indicated that administration of 30 mg gedi leaf extract showed a histopathologic feature which is decreasing of foam cells. Conclusion: Microscopically, aorta of those rats fed on pork lard diet showed a number of foam cells in tunica intima and media whereas the rats that were fed on pork lard along with gedi leaf extract, generally there were no foam cells, but there aresome parts which contain few foam cells. On the group of Wistar rats which were fed on pork lard, continued with gedi leaf extract showed less foam cells compared to the positive control group.Keywords: Gedi leaf extract, pork lard, foam cell.Abstrak: Kadar kolesterol darah yang tinggi merupakan faktor risiko utama terjadinya aterosklerosis. Tumbuhan gedi mengandung senyawa polifenol yang dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun gedi terhadap gambaran histopatologi aorta tikus wistar dengan diet aterogenik. Hewan uji yang digunakan berupa 20 ekor tikus Wistar yang dibagi ke dalam 4 kelompok, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor tikus. Kelompok kontrol negatif hanya diberikan pelet biasa, kelompok kontrol positif diberikan diet lemak babi 2ml/hari, kelompok C diberikan diet lemak babi bersamaan dengan ekstrak daun gedi, dan kelompok D diberikan lemak babi kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pemberian ekstrak daun gedi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun gedi 30 mg mampu memberikan gambaran histopatologi aorta berupa berkurangnya jumlah sel busa. Simpulan: Secara mikroskopik, aorta tikus wistar yang diberi lemak babi menunjukkan adanya penumpukan sel-sel busa pada tunika intima dan media, sedangkan pada aorta tikus wistar yang diberi lemak babi bersamaan dengan ekstrak daun gedi maupun yang dilanjutkan dengan ekstrak daun gedi ditemukan berkurangnya jumlah sel-sel busa.Kata Kunci : Ekstrak daun gedi, Lemak babi, Sel busa.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Trigona Honey in the Therapy and Prevention against Respiratory Infection in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 2955-2962
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Khaled Al-kafaween ◽  
Abu Bakar Mohd Hilmi ◽  
Mohamed M. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Trigona honey (TH) is well known for its therapeutic characteristics. To date, the study of Trigona honey as a prophylactic or immune booster prior to the bacterial infection of the invivo model is not well covered. This study aims to investigate anti-inflammatory and immune activities in Wistar rats infected with respiratory infection following with Trigona honey. 25 Wistar rats were assigned to possitive groups, negative control group, positive control group was fed TH (5 g / kg body weight) orally, the untreated group was infected with Staphylococcus aureus to induce respiratory infection, the treated group has been infected with S. aureus followed by treatment with TH at a dose of 1.5 ×108 CFU / mL and the preventive group ingested TH one week before S. aureus infection. Blood was obtained for biochemical analysis. Lung tissues have been collected for molecular examination. The results showed a significant decrease in serum levels of ALT, AST, urea and creatinine in the preventive and treated groups, serum IgG increased significantly (P<0.05) in the preventive and treated groups, IFN-y increased in the preventive group while decreased in the treated group, and IL-8 increased in the treated group while decreased in the preventive group. The mRNA expression of AGP is up-regulated in the positive control, preventive and treated groups. The α2-MG, TNF-α , and mRNA expressions showed lower regulation after administration of TH in preventive and treated groups. The results show the ability of TH to counteract immune and inflammatory changes in serum levels and gene expressions.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Petroselinum Crispum Against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rabbits Male

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hussain ◽  
Mariam Kadhem
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum

The experiment was conducted to investigate the protective effect of Petroselinum crispum leave extracted against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rabbits by studying the body weight, clinical signs, haematological and biochemical parameters, gross lesion and histopathological changes. Twenty four rabbits male were used and divided into 4 groups. Group 1: rabbits served as a negative control, received distilled water 1 ml(orally). Group 2: rabbits served as a positive control group, received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day intramuscular for 15 days. Group 3: rabbits received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day then after one hour treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 125 mg/kg orally for 15 days. Group 4: rabbits received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day then after one hour treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 250 mg/kg orally for 15 days.The results of the gentamicin treated group( positive control group) showed clinical signs such as loss of body weight, loss of appetite and rough hair with hematuria. The body weight a significantly declined (p≤ 0.05) compared other groups. There was a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in WBC count, lymphocyte, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPX levels, while it recorded a significant increase (p≤0.05) in weights of the kidneys, neutrophils, creatinine, urea, and MDA. Histological studies showed several kidney pathological changes such as pale colour, enlargement in size and weight and easy from detaching as opposed to negative control group. On the other hand, the group treated with ethanolic extractof Petroselinum crispum at dose 125 mg/kg induced improved of parameters as recorded significant increased(P ≤ 0.05) in body weight, WBC count, lymphocyte, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPX, while significant decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in weights of the kidneys, neutrophils, creatinine, urea, and MDA compared with the positive control group whereas rabbits treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 250 mg/kg restored the parameters and histological changes of the kidney to near normal status compared with the negative control group. These results showed that the dose-detected Petroselinum crispum extract (250mg / kg) acts as potential curative effect against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rabbits.

scholarly journals Effects of adhesive drying methods to reduce aerosol generation during resin bonding on enamel bond strength

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet Kerim Ayar ◽  
Onder Yesil
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Aerosol Generation ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Cotton Pellet

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn order to reduce the amount of aerosol during the use of dental adhesives, which are widely used in minimally invasive procedures, the effects of air stream-free adhesive drying methods on the enamel bond strength of resin adhesive systems were evaluated.Materials and MethodsThe four adhesive drying techniques used were an air-stream, a micro-applicator, a cotton pellet and an absorbent paper. Adhesive systems were Single Bond Universal and Optibond All-in-one. The group in which the adhesive was not dried served as the negative control group. Enamel shear bond strength was performed with a universal tester with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min (n=12). A two-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post-hoc test were used for analysis of the SBS data.ResultsFor both adhesives, drying the adhesive with cotton pellet or micro-applicator provided a SBS mean values similar to air-stream drying, while statistically significantly lower SBS mean values were observed in the negative control group and in the absorbent paper-dry group compared to the air-drying group.ConclusionsDrying the adhesive with micro-applicator and cotton pellets creates less aerosol and thus can be used in the COVID-19 pandemic as it provides enamel bonding strength similar to air drying.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCETo provide safer dental care during COVID-19 pandemic, it is highly recommended to use non-aerosol-generating alternatives, instead of aerosolgenerating dental procedures. In this study, we found that the aerosol generation-free methods for adhesive-drying such as cotton pellet and micro applicator drying methods provide similar enamel bonding with conventional drying method. We think that our findings will contribute to the realization of safer adhesive dentistry practice, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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