scholarly journals Measurement of Some Climatic Parameter in Babylon Governorate by Statistical and Mathematical Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1B) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Mahmood Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Climatic Parameter ◽  
Water Balance Equation ◽  
The Relationship

Evaporation transpiration is one of the most important results in the water balance equation for any natural area or water body, and it is also a critical component of the hydrological cycle. The relationship between temperature and transpiration was obtained using the Thornthwaite method in three stations along with Babylon Governorate. The data for the three meteorological stations were taken for 10 years. The value of climate change was obtained within the study area, including temperature, evaporation, humidity, and rainfall. The value of potential evapotranspiration was calculated by the Thornthwaite method, and the highest value was obtained in July (421.9), and the lowest value in January (3.66). Also, the increase in water was calculated for a study area. It appeared that the increase in evapotranspiration and decrease was in direct relationship with the temperature intensity of the study area.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Variations of Potential Evapotranspiration in the Loess Plateau of China During 1960–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congjian Sun ◽  
Zhenjing Zheng ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Yuyang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
The Loess Plateau

Potential evapotranspiration (ET0) is an integral component of the hydrological cycle and the global energy balance, and its long-term variation is of much concern in climate change studies. The Loess Plateau is an important area of agricultural civilization and water resources research. This study analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution processes and influential parameters of ET0 at 70 stations in different topographical areas of the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). Using the Mann–Kendall trend, Cross wavelet transform, and the ArcGIS platform, the ET0 of each station was quantified using the Penman–Monteith equation, and the effects of climatic factors on ET0 were assessed by analyzing the correlation coefficients and contribution rates of the climatic factors. The results showed that: (1) the overall trend of the ET0 in different terrains of the Loess Plateau is consistent, however, the ET0 values differ; the hill region (HR) has the highest ET0, followed by the valley region (VR), and the mountain region (MR) has the lowest, and ET0 changes differ between seasons. (2) Spatial distribution characteristics of multiyear mean ET0 in the study are as follows: the ET0 values in mountain and hilly areas are decreasing from west to east, and the higher mean annual ET0 value in the VR is mainly concentrated in the eastern CLP. (3) In the past 58 years, the annual mean and the seasonal ET0 of the region showed increasing trends, however, differences in different terrains were obvious. (4) ET0 has significant correlations with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific–North American teleconnection (PNA), and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The resonance period of ET0 and ENSO was 3–6 a, mainly in 1976–1985. The mean coherence phase angle was close to 360°, indicating that ET0 lags behind PNA by approximately 2–6 a; ET0 has a very strong positive correlation with AMO. (5) Relative humidity (RH) is the main influencing factor of ET0 change in the Loess Plateau. Temperature (T) variation has the highest contribution rate (42%) to the regional ET0 variation in the entire CLP. We should pay more attention to the variation of evaporation under future climate change, especially temperature change.

RESEARCH OF METEOROLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE CAUCASUS REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
BOZIEVA ZHANNA CH. ◽  
◽  
AGOEVA ELEONORA A. ◽  
ITTIEV ABDULLAX B. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The negative effects of global climate change and the impact of rising surface air temperatures are already evident. Among the many echoes of these processes are the melting of glaciers, the reduction of the ice cover of the northern seas, the gradual disappearance of permafrost, sea level rise, soil erosion, and extreme weather events such as floods, hurricanes, droughts, and forest fires. As a result, the world's freshwater resources, public health and the well-being of the environment are under threat. Annually renewable fresh water resources, represented by the annual flow of rivers, are of undoubted value. Our goal was to identify the relationship of meteorological parameters, such as surface air temperature and precipitation in the high-altitude region of the Central Caucasus, with water consumption in the lowland territory of the Caucasus on the example of the river.Terek (art. Kotlyarevskaya). These studies are particularly valuable from the point of view of the relationship between climate change and its further impact on the hydrological cycle of the lowland regions of the Caucasus. In the course of the research, the relationship was revealed, indicating that the distribution of river flow over the territory of the Caucasus corresponds to the distribution of the annual amounts of surface air temperature and the annual amounts of atmospheric precipitation.

scholarly journals Temperature – Potential Evapotranspiration Relationship in Iraq Using Thornthwaite Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Ilaibi Zamil Al-Sudani
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Mathematical Relationship ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
North West ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

One of the most important outcomes in the water balance equation for any natural area or water body is Evapotranspiration and it is also a crucial component of the hydrologic cycle. The relationship of temperature - evapotranspiration was obtained using the Thornthwaite method in Iraq by dividing the area into (7) sectors according to geographic latitude. Each sector has multi meteorological stations where (32) stations were used with different periods of records. A mathematical relationship was obtained between mean temperature and corrected potential evapotranspiration (PEc) with (97.45) to (99.84) coefficient of determination. Mean temperature has a symmetrical decreasing pattern from south-east towards north-west of Iraq affected by Mediterranean Sea climate conditions, while correcting potential evapotranspiration (PEc) has the opposite direction of increasing values due to a direct relationship with temperature.

scholarly journals Hourly potential evapotranspiration at 0.1° resolution for the global land surface from 1981-present

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bliss Singer ◽  
Dagmawi Teklu Asfaw ◽  
Rafael Rosolem ◽  
Mark O. Cuthbert ◽  
Diego G. Miralles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Reanalysis Dataset ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Time Frames

AbstractChallenges exist for assessing the impacts of climate and climate change on the hydrological cycle on local and regional scales, and in turn on water resources, food, energy, and natural hazards. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) represents atmospheric demand for water, which is required at high spatial and temporal resolutions to compute actual evapotranspiration and thus close the water balance near the land surface for many such applications, but there are currently no available high-resolution datasets of PET. Here we develop an hourly PET dataset (hPET) for the global land surface at 0.1° spatial resolution, based on output from the recently developed ERA5-Land reanalysis dataset, over the period 1981 to present. We show how hPET compares to other available global PET datasets, over common spatiotemporal resolutions and time frames, with respect to spatial patterns of climatology and seasonal variations for selected humid and arid locations across the globe. We provide the data for users to employ for multiple applications to explore diurnal and seasonal variations in evaporative demand for water.

scholarly journals Contributions of Climate Change and Human Activities on Runoff Variations in the Central Part of Tajikistan in Central Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nekruz Gulahmadov ◽  
Yaning Chen ◽  
Aminjon Gulakhmadov ◽  
Moldir Rakhimova ◽  
Manuchekhr Gulakhmadov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Climate Variation ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Precipitation Trend ◽  
Runoff Changes

Comprehensive studies of the contributions of climate variation and anthropogenic activities to runoff alterations are essential for sustainable management of water resources in Central Asian countries. In the Kofarnihon River Basin (KRB) in Central Asia, both changing climate conditions and anthropogenic activities are known to have caused variations to the hydrological cycle. Therefore, quantifying the net influence of human contribution to the runoff changes is a challenge. In this study, by applying the original and modified Mann–Kendall trend test, Pettitt test, double cumulative curve and elasticity methods the historical trends and breakpoint changes of the hydro-climatic variables including temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and runoff over the 1950–2016 along were determined, in addition the contributions of climate variation and anthropogenic activities to runoff changes in the KRB were evaluated. The trend analysis exhibited a significant increasing trend in annual temperature and potential evapotranspiration and the annual precipitation trend showed insignificant decreasing trend during the 1950–2016 time period. The breakpoint change was detected in runoff occurs in 1991. Further, the time series (1950–2016) are separated into the prior impacted period (1950–1991) and post impacted period (1992–2016) with trend test. The results showed that anthropogenic activities played a dominant role in changes in the runoff with a contribution of 79.94% in the upstream and 97.78% in the downstream of the KRB. Climate change contributed to 20.06% in the upstream and 7.53% in the downstream of the catchment during the post impacted period. In the land-use type changes, the dominant role played construction land which showed that the area from 248.63 km2 in 1990 increased to 685.45 km2 (175.69%) in 2015. The findings suggest that it is essential to adopt effective steps for sustainable development of ecological, hydrological and social order in the KRB in Central Asia.

Designing a business unit and creating the first ever responsive kitchen

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo FESTA ◽  
Tommaso CORA ◽  
Lucilla FAZIO
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Business Unit ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Relationship

Is it possible to transform stone into a technological and innovative device? The meeting with one of the main stone transformers in Europe produced the intention of a disruptive operation that could affect the strategy of the whole company. A contagious singularity. By intertwining LEAN methodologies and the human-centric approach of design thinking, we mapped the value creation in the company activating a dialogue with the workers and the management, listening to people, asking for ambitions, discovering problems and the potential of production. This qualitative and quantitative analysis conducted with a multidisciplinary approach by designers, architects and marketing strategists allowed us to define a new method. We used it to design a platform that could let all the players express their potential to the maximum. This is how the group's research laboratory was born, with the aim of promoting the relationship between humans and stone through product innovation. With this goal, we coordinated the new team, developing technologies that would allow creating a more direct relationship between man and surface, making the stone reactive. The result was the first responsive kitchen ever.

A Meta Analytic Review of the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
Augusty P. A ◽  
Jain Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Effective Leadership ◽  
Leadership Effectiveness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
The Relationship

The study evaluates the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness through a Systematic Review of Literature. The relationship has been evaluated in two steps. First, a Systematic review of literature was done to provide a theoretical framework to link the dimensions of Emotional Intelligence to the elements of effective leadership. Meta-analysis was then used to consolidate empirical evidence of the relationship. The studies for the meta-analysis were sourced from Pro Quest and EBSCO and the correlation coefficients of the studies were analysed. Only articles that presented the direct relationship between the variables were included in the study. The results of the analysis revealed a strong, statistically significant relationship between emotional intelligence and effective leadership. The findings of the study provide evidence for the proposition that Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness are interrelated.

A FORECAST OF PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY OF HOLSTEIN COWS BY INDIRECT SIGNS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
З.С. САНОВА
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Group I ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

В статье представлены материалы о взаимосвязи продолжительности продуктивного использования коров с характеристикой устойчивости к деградации, с возрастом отела и удоем. В исследованной, разнородной по происхождению, группе животных для прогноза продуктивного периода коров, обусловленного устойчивостью к деградации и возрастом первого отела, пригодно уравнение регрессии, аргументами в котором являются индекс устойчивости, возраст первого отела в первой и второй степенях. Коэффициент корреляции межу предсказанными значениями продуктивного периода и его фактическими величинами в I группе составляет 0,502, во II - 0,604. При этом крайние варианты прогнозируются со статистическими ошибками 5 мес при оценке индекса устойчивости по 2 лактациям и 4,1 мес по 3, а средние варианты, соответственно, 1,6 и 1,51 мес. Индекс устойчивости к процессу старения является важной характеристикой биологических особенностей коров, определяющий их продуктивное долголетие. Его оценка по первым 2 и 3 лактациям имеет прямолинейную связь с продуктивным периодом (r=0,4109 и r=0,5270), соответственно. Зависимость продуктивного периода от возраста первого отела криволинейная — с увеличением возраста первого отела сокращается срок продуктивного использования, при возрасте первого отела более 1400 дней срок продуктивного использования колеблется от 1,33 до 1,41 лактации. Коэффициент корреляции между этими характеристиками коров составляет - 0,2164 в I и - 0,2620 во II группах. The article presents materials about the relationship of the duration of productive use of cows with the characteristic of resistance to degradation, with the age of calving and milk yield. In the studied group of animals, which is heterogeneous in origin, the regression equation is suitable for predicting the productive period of cows due to resistance to degradation and the age of the first calving, the arguments of which are the stability index, the age of the first calving in the first and second degrees. The correlation coefficient between the predicted values of the productive period and its actual values in group I is 0.502, in group II - 0.604. At the same time, the extreme variants are predicted with statistical errors of 5 months when evaluating the stability index for 2 lactations and 4.1 months for 3, and the average variants, respectively, are 1.6 and 1.51 months. The index of resistance to the aging process is an important characteristic of the biological characteristics of cows, which determines their productive longevity. Its estimate for the first 2 and 3 lactations has a direct relationship with the productive period (r=0.4109 and r=0.5270), respectively. The dependence of the productive period age at first calving curvilinear with increasing age at first calving reduces the time to productive use, while age at first calving of more than 1400 days, the period of productive use ranges from 1.33 to 1.41 lactation. The correlation coefficient between these characteristics of cows is-0.2164 in I and-0.2620 in II groups.

INTERCONNECTION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS FOR THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE NORTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
N. N. ILYSHEVA ◽  
◽  
E. V. KARANINA ◽  
G. P. LEDKOV ◽  
E. V. BALDESKU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
The North ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Relationship

The article deals with the problem of achieving sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the components of sustainable development, taking into account the involvement of indigenous peoples in nature conservation. Climate change makes achieving sustainable development more difficult. Indigenous peoples are the first to feel the effects of climate change and play an important role in the environmental monitoring of their places of residence. The natural environment is the basis of life for indigenous peoples, and biological resources are the main source of food security. In the future, the importance of bioresources will increase, which is why economic development cannot be considered independently. It is assumed that the components of resilience are interrelated and influence each other. To identify this relationship, a model for the correlation of sustainable development components was developed. The model is based on the methods of correlation analysis and allows to determine the tightness of the relationship between economic development and its ecological footprint in the face of climate change. The correlation model was tested on the statistical materials of state reports on the environmental situation in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. The approbation revealed a strong positive relationship between two components of sustainable development of the region: economy and ecology.

Audit Senior Modeling Fallibility: The Effects of Reduced Error Strain and Enhanced Error-Related Self-Efficacy on Audit Juniors' Responses to Self-Discovered Errors

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Emby ◽  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Jost Sieweke
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Accounting Firms ◽  
Big 4 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

ABSTRACT This paper examines the relationship between audit seniors discussing their own experiences with committing and correcting errors (modeling fallibility), and audit juniors' thinking about errors and error communication (openly discussing their own self-discovered errors). The paper investigates the direct relationship between senior modeling fallibility and juniors' responses, and whether the relationship is mediated through error strain and error-related self-efficacy. Survey data from 266 audit juniors from two Big 4 Canadian accounting firms showed a direct positive association between audit senior modeling fallibility and audit juniors' thinking about errors, and error communication. This relationship is positively mediated through error-related self-efficacy. We also found that the relationship is mediated by error strain. However, although audit senior modeling fallibility was associated with reduced error strain, error strain was positively related to both thinking about errors and error communication, contrary to our hypothesis. The paper discusses the theoretical and practical implications of these results.

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