scholarly journals Accumulation of cadmium in organs of experimental animals and its effect on the content of essential elements in the chronic intoxication

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 1303-1309
Author(s):  
Anna S. Fazlieva ◽  
Denis O. Karimov ◽  
Rustem A. Daukaev ◽  
Mihail V. Kurilov ◽  
Munira M. Ziatdinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Blood Cadmium ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. This article presents the results of studying the effects of cadmium chloride and its accumulation in experimental animals’ liver, kidneys, and blood. The impact of cadmium consumption on basic bioelements (zinc, copper, calcium) in organs was assessed. Materials and methods. Experimental groups of white outbred rats were exposed daily for three months to a cadmium chloride solution containing 1, 10 and 100 μg of cadmium. Cadmium exposure was assessed at 1, 4, 12, 30, 60 and 90 days. The concentrations of cadmium, calcium, copper and zinc were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results. Whole blood cadmium concentration was not statistically different from the control group. The accumulation of cadmium in the blood was observed only after three months of exposure to a dose of 100 μg. The accumulation of cadmium in the liver occurred after one and two months of intoxication, depending on the dose. In the kidneys, an increase in cadmium occurred in all experimental groups after one month of injection. The metal content depended on the level of exposure, but no difference was observed between the liver and kidney. The concentration of zinc and calcium decreased in the kidneys and liver. Conclusion. Changes in calcium and zinc, accompanied by elevated levels of cadmium in the liver and kidneys, suggest that cadmium may interfere with the biological processes in which these elements are involved.

scholarly journals THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE LUNGS AT THE EXPERIMENTAL ACUTE INJURY AND ITS PHARMACOCORRECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Oleg A. Kulikov ◽  
Vladimir P. Balashov ◽  
Valentin P. Ageev ◽  
Elena V. Semenova ◽  
Vasilisa I. Shlyapkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liposomal Form ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Pharmacological Correction ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

The study of lung morphology under the influence of various environmental factors is of great interest for various areas of medicine and biology. The study of pathological changes in the respiratory part of the lung of rats with aspiration acute injury and the action of pharmacological correction was carried out. Acetone was used as a damaging agent, and HyperHAES was used as a means of pharmacological correction, containing 7.2% NaCl solution in combination with 6% hydroxyethyl starch, as well as a liposomal form of N-acetylcysteine, which was administered to experimental animals once intravenously after induction of acute lung injury. The control group of animals received antibiotic therapy. The staining of the slides was carried out using hematoxylin and eosin. A quantitative assessment of the histological signs of lung tissue damage was carried out. As a result of the study of preparations of the lungs, the degree of pulmonary edema was established, as well as the anti-edema effect of pharmacological corrections. On the 6th day of the experiment, the anti-edematous effect was retained only after the introduction of N-acetylcysteine. Histological examination of the lungs showed generalized destruction of the organ architectonics in response to the impact of a damaging factor and its reduction under the influence of pharmacological corrections. In the control group, the signs of acute lung injury were most extensive. One day after the administration of the HyperHAEC solution, there were no hemorrhages in the histological picture of the lungs. In a quantitative assessment of the histological signs of acute lung injury, it was shown that the maximum positive effect from the administration of HyperHAES develops 24 hours after application. N-acetylcysteine primarily led to a decrease in leukocyte infiltration and prevented the development of a suppurative process. The lung-protective effect of N-acetylcysteine was realized in 24 hours from the moment of administration and persisted until the 6th day of the experiment. The use of pharmacological correction agents in acute lung injury was reflected in the picture of the lethality of the experimental animals. When HyperHAES was applied, 37.5% of animals died by day 6, in the group with N-acetylcysteine - 28.6%, while in the control group all animals died.

scholarly journals The effect of various copper sources on the trace elements profile in the hair, plasma and faeces and copper activity in the organism of horses

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Jančíková ◽  
Pavel Horký ◽  
Ladislav Zeman
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Organic Form ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

In our experiment with 20 mares (3.6–19.8 years old) divided into 3 groups we evaluated the effect of supplementation with various sources of copper on the trace elements profile in the hair, blood plasma and faeces and copper activity in the organism of horses. The horses were stabled in box stalls (similar dimension) with feeding pump, with the access to a paddock or walker. All mares received the same basic feed ration that was supplemented with various form of copper (Cu in the organic form – proteinate - Bioplex Cu vs. Cu in the inorganic form – CuSO4.5H2O) in amount of 120 mg per day for the mares in experimental groups. The contents of trace elements in hair and faeces were established using the atomic absorption spectrometry; in the plasma using direct colorimetric determination.Significant difference between mares receiving copper in organic and inorganic form (P < 0.05) was detected in the blood levels of copper and iron. In both experimental groups a supplement of copper increased its level in the hair as compared to the control group; however this increase was statistically significant (P < 0.01) only if the inorganic form of copper was supplemented. The iron content of mares hair apparently varied not only with minerals intake, but also with the condition of kept. The differences of copper concentration in the faeces among the mares of experimental groups with regard to control group were significant (P < 0.01). An excessive amount of copper evidently reduced the absorption of zinc and iron in mares with addition of copper sulphate.The mares receiving Bioplex-Cu excreted lower amount of copper in the faeces. These had well-balanced levels of Cu in the plasma and deposited less Cu in the hair than the mares with addition of copper sulphate. In our experiment, it seems to be better available copper in the organic form than in the inorganic form for the organism of horses.Nevertheless, interpretation of these results is very difficult. Evaluation the impact of various sources of copper on the elements profile; assessed using skin derivates, plasma or other parameters should be subjected to further observation.

scholarly journals Вплив клозаверму А та катозалу на показники протеїнсинтезувальної функції печінки корів за експериментального фасціольозу, сенсибілізованих атиповими мікобактеріями

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (73) ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
O. Kulyaba ◽  
V. Stybel ◽  
B. Gutyj
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
A Value ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Physiological Values ◽  
The Impact

The article contains the results of research the impact of Fasciolosis and mycobacteriosis,the indicators of protein synthesizing function of cows liver. Fasciola and mycobacteria inhibit protein synthesizing function of liver, as indicated by the reduction in their blood level of total protein and albumin fraction. The data indicate hepatotropic of the toxin F. Hepatica and mycobacteria, because namely liver serves as a support of dynamic substances equilibrium of blood plasma. Increasing the level of globulin in the blood serum of cows by association of fasciolosis and mycobacteriosis reflects the intensity of inflammatory processes in animal organism caused by infection of these diseases.Application of closaverm A and catosal to research cows promotes restoration protein synthesizing function of liver. It was found that after application to cows from the first research group for the treatment of closaverm A by 14 and 21 days of level of total protein in the blood serum was gradually increased, but did not reach physiological values. Applying both closaverm A and catosal, was set a slightly higher level of total protein, that at the 28th day of the experiment reached physiological values and therefore amounted to 70.30 ± 1.5 g/l. For the study the level of albumin in the blood of research group, which were used drugs combined, was set its increase already from 7 day of experiment. Significant increase of albumin level in the blood of experimental animals is seeing on the 14th day of the experiment, where appropriate it was within 41.90 ± 1.5 g/l. On the 28th day of the experiment the levels of globulin in the blood of experimental group of animals, which were used closaverm A and catosal, was lower by 11% compared to the control group of animals in specified period of the experiment.Cows treated with closaverm A, value of the coefficient A/T was gradually returned to normal. However, at the 28th day of the experiment has remained at 16% less than the initial values, taken before infestation. Application of closaverm A and catosal to experimental animals contributed to increasing the coefficient of A/T. So at 21st and 28th days of the experiment it was higher than in the control group of cows at 60 and 46%.

scholarly journals Effect of Aqueous Extract Cyperus rotundus Tubers as Antioxidant on Liver and Kidney Functions in Albino Males Rats Exposed to Cadmium Chloride Toxic

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 0315
Author(s):  
Aldulaimi Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Functions

          The experiment was conducted in two stages: first stage: determination of the most effective dose of Cyperus rotundus tubers aquatic extract in male rats for 5 days, which was concentrated as (200 mg/kg body weight). The second stage was designed to observe and test the protective effects of C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract in the liver and kidney functions of male rats exposed to cadmium chloride poisoning (5 mg/kg bw) for 30 days. The animals were divided into (4) groups within each group (5) animals weighted (200-220g). The results of oral dose of cadmium chloride showed a significant increase of (P˂0.05) in the activity of both enzymes Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-). And a significant decrease (P˂0.05) in the values ​​of total protein, albumin, globulin and glutathione (GSH) compared with the control group. The oral dosage of the C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract resulted in a significant increase in GSH. The values ​​of each were not significantly different ALT, AST, ALP, Glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, MDA and peroxy nitrite Compare with control group. The results of the oral dosage with (C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract + cadmium chloride) showed a positive effect on these values ​​compared with the control group and cadmium chloride. It is concluded that the C. rotundus tubers aquatic extract has protective effects and reduces the effects that cadmium chloride can cause in rats liver and kidney functions through its antioxidant activity and removal of free radicals.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ADVERSE FACTORS OF TITANIUM-MAGNESIUM PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (77) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
K. ZH. DAKIEVA , ◽  
◽  
ZH., B. TUSUPOVA, ◽  
V. A. SEDELEV, ◽  
S. A. GARMASHOVA, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Titanium Tetrachloride ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Magnesium Production ◽  
The Impact

Іn order to clarify the nature of pathological changes in animals that develop under the influence of a complex of toxic gases and dust (titanium dioxide aerosol, titanium metal dust, titanium tetrachloride and its hydrolysis products, as well as chlorine and phosgene), we performed experimental studies directly in the conditions of titanium-magnesium production. This approach, from our point of view, can create the most profitable experimental model that allows for the maximum completeness of the corresponding clinical and experimental Parallels. Therefore, a series of experimental animals were placed on the territory of the three main workshops of JSC «CC TMK». The animals were placed in specially made cages of 25-26 heads each, which were installed at the level of the human respiratory system. Experimental animals of the control series of the experiment were kept on the territory of the plant, but at a considerable distance from the main production shops in a separate, clean, well-ventilated room. The animals of the control group were slaughtered at the same time as the experimental animals. These studies help in the development of evidence-based measures to improve the health of workers engaged in harmful working conditions. In such production conditions, workers often had acute respiratory infections, chronic bronchitis, etc.the degree of retention of compounds containing chlorine anion (chlorine, hydrogen chloride, titanium tetrachloride, phosgene, magnesium dihloride) was relatively high and ranged from 39-85%. At the same time, higher indicators of the degree of delay in all the main workshops were usually observed for gaseous substances (chlorine, hydrogen chloride, phosgene), which is probably due to their good solubility.

scholarly journals The Effect of Feed Additive Containing Vitamins and Trace Elements on the Elements Profile and Growth of Skin Derivatives in Horses

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Jančíková ◽  
Pavel Horký ◽  
Ladislav Zeman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Adequate Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

The Effect of Feed Additive Containing Vitamins and Trace Elements on the Elements Profile and Growth of Skin Derivatives in HorsesAn important role of nutritional supplements in the quality and growth of skin derivatives is not sufficiently explored. The aim of our experiment was to recognize how the application of selected vitamins and an organic source of zinc and copper affects the growth and elemental content of hooves and hairs. Sixteen warm-blooded horses were divided into two groups. Both groups received the same basic feeding ration, which was enriched with a feed additive for the experimental group. The contents of individual elements in hoof and hair samples were established using the atomic absorption spectrometry method. Samples from the experimental group of horses showed a significantly increased amount of zinc (P<0.01), copper and manganese (P<0.05) deposited in the hoof and a significantly decreased (P<0.05) amount of manganese, iron, and calcium deposited in the hair after nine months of monitoring. Differences between initial and final samples of hooves and hair were insignificant in the control group. The growth rate of hair and hoof wall was significantly higher (P<0.01) in horses from the experimental group than from the control one. Horses receiving the feed additive achieved a faster growth of the hoof horn with an adequate quality of hooves in our experiment. The experiment shows that the hair is not a reliable indicator of nutritional status of horses. However, assessing the impact of individual vitamins and trace elements, or the impact of various sources of trace elements on the elements profile and growth rate of skin derivatives of horses should be subject to further observation.

scholarly journals Methodical assurance of the assessment of toxic and essential elements in human biological matrices

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Gileva ◽  
T. S. Ulanova ◽  
G. A. Viekhman ◽  
A. V. Nedoshitova ◽  
E. V. Stenno
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biological Matrices ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Monitoring Group ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
The Impact

There is considered the complex of methodical modalities for the determination of elements (vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, selenium, strontium, thallium, lead, cadmium, arsenic) in the biological matrices of population for the practical use in the framework of socio-hygienic monitoring and biomonitoring in areas with the high anthropogenic load. Guidelines developed on the basis of mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) confirmed as Methodological Instructions on Control (In Russian:MUK 4.1.3230-14) allowed to implement a hygienic estimation of the pollution of biological matrices of the adult population residing in the territory exposed to the impact of emission from ferrovanadium enterprises (city of Chusovoy, the Perm region). According to results of the study in the monitoring group in the blood there was established a significant excess of the content vanadium, manganese, nickel, strontium, cadmium and reduced selenium content, in urine - an excess of vanadium and chromium, relatively to the control group.

scholarly journals Influence of cadmium on the cellular part of the immune system of young cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Lavryshyn ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
K. Y. Leskiv ◽  
I. I. Hariv ◽  
L. H. Yevtukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Control Group ◽  
T Suppressors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

The article presents the results of research on the effect of cadmium load on the body of young cattle. The negative effect of Cadmium on the liver causes a wide range of pathological changes at different levels of its organization. The impact of heavy metals on the immune system is particularly significant, because it performs a leading role in maintaining health and is recognized as one of the most sensitive to adverse factors, even in relatively low concentrations. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of cadmium on the cellular part of the immune system of young cattle. The research was carried out on 10 bulls of six months of age, Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed, which were formed into 2 groups of 5 animals each: control and experimental. The bulls of the control group were on a normal diet. Animals of the experimental group were administered cadmium chloride at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg body weight of the animal. It was found that feeding bulls with a diet of cadmium chloride, the number of B-lymphocytes on the 5th day of the experiment was 17.54 ± 0.95 %. The lowest number of B-lymphocytes was on the 20th day of testing – 15.12 ± 0.37 %. The study of the number of T-lymphocytes shows that at the beginning of analysis the number of T-lymphocytes in the blood of animals of the control and experimental groups ranged from 40.70 ± 3.62 and 40.85 ± 2.54 %. Subsequently, the number of T-lymphocytes in the blood of the experimental group began to decline. The lowest number of T-lymphocytes was in the experimental group of animals on the 20th day of the research, compared with the control group, this figure decreased by 3.63 %. The state of immunity of animals under cadmium load significantly depends on the ratio of T-helpers to T-suppressors. It was found that the immunoregulatory index of blood of bulls of the experimental group probably decreased from 10 days of the research. The number of T-helper lymphocytes in the blood of the experimental group of bulls under cadmium loading is probably reduced by 15, 20 and 30 days of testing. A probable increase in the number of T-suppressors was noted in the bull's blood of the experimental group on the 20th day of the research. Immunoglobulins of different classes are crucial among bull’s serum proteins under cadmium loading. The concentration of immunoglobulins in the blood under cadmium load decreased by 15.9 % relative to the control group on the 20th day of analysis.

The evaluation of acute and subchronic toxicities of An Phu Khang capsules in experimental animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (12) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Ha Thi Yen ◽  
Tran Thanh Tung ◽  
Dang Thi Thu Hien
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Human Dose ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicities of An Phu Khang capsules through oral administration in experimental animals. The acute toxicity was determined by the method of Litchfield Wilcoxon in Swiss mice. The subchronic toxicity was evaluated by the recommendation of WHO in Wistar rats at these doses of 0.54 g/kg b.w/day (equal to recommended human dose) and 1.62 g/kg b.w/day (3 times as high as recommended human dose) in 4 consecutive weeks. As a result, An Phu Khang capsules at the highest dose used for mice (36.29 g/kg b.w) did not show acute toxicity in mice. In terms of the subchronic toxicity test, after oral administration of An Phu Khang capsules, hematological parameters, hepato-renal functions, and microscopic images of liver and kidney at both doses were unchanged compared with the control group. In conclusion, An Phu Khang with both doses 0.54 g/kg b.w/day and 1.62 g/kg b.w/day did not produce acute and subchronic toxicities in Swiss mice and Wistar rats.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KADMIUM TERHADAP TINGKAT KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP DAN KERUSAKAN STRUKTUR INSANG DAN HEPATOPANKREAS PADA UDANG REGANG [Macrobrachium sintangense (de Man)]

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Agoes Soegianto ◽  
Nia Adiani Primarastri ◽  
Dwi Winarni
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
De Man ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this research was to find out the impact of cadmium on the structure of gills, hepatopancreas and on survival of shrimp. The shrimp was divided into four groups. Group I (control) was exposed to 0 ppb of cadmium, group II exposed to10 ppb of Cd, group III exposed to 20 ppb of Cd and group IV exposed to 30 ppb of Cd. Three replications were applied in each treatment. Survival rate data were collected everyday, and every two days the water was substituted with new water. The experiment was stoped when 50 percent of shrimps dead. The rest of shrimps were prepared for histological study. All data were subjected on Kolmogorov-Smirnov (distribution test) then continued with ANOVA test and Kruscal-Wallis tests. The result of this experiment showed that structural damage on gills and hepatopancreas increase with increasing cadmium concentration in medium. The lamella of shrimp from control group did not show hyperplasia and necrosis; in second group: 24.02 percent of lamella showed hyperplasia, 2.77 percent necrosis and 28.02 percent vacuolization; third group: 70.01 percent of lamella showed hyperplasia, 20.60 percent necrosis and 48.79 percent vacuolization; fourth group: 32.60 percent of lamella demonstrated hyperplasia, 57.35 percent necrosis and 97.50 percent vacuolization. Increasing the structural damage of gills and hepatopancreas, it cause the decrease on survival rate of shrimp.

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