scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE CONCEPT OF PERFORMATIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF INDIRECT COMMUNICATION RESEARCH

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-61
Author(s):  
Anna Moiseeva

The article traces one of the lines of influence of the analytic philosophy of language on the humanities, in particular, on linguistics – the line that is associated with the perception of the concept of performativity and the corresponding view of language in studies of indirect communication. The distinction between illocutionary and perlocutionary speech act formulated by J. Austin is applied to the case of indirect communication, as a result of which it is concluded that the performative properties of language can manifest themselves not only in illocution, but also in perlocution. It is shown that many examples of indirect communication function like performatives – the concept of an indirect performative is introduced to denote them – and can be described from the point of view of a performative approach.

Semiotica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vern S. Poythress

Abstract This article uses tagmemic theory as a semiotic framework to analyze symbolic logic. It attends particularly to the issue of context for meaning and the role of personal observer/participants. It focuses on formal languages, which employ no ordinary words and from one point of view have “no meaning.” Attention to the context and the theorists who deploy these languages shows that formal languages have meanings at a higher level, colored by the purposes of the analysts. In fact, there is an indefinitely ascending hierarchy of theories of theories, each of which analyzes and evaluates the theories at a lower level. By analogy with Kurt Gödel’s incompleteness theory, no level of the hierarchy can capture within formalism everything in a sufficiently complex system. The personal analysts always have to make judgments about how a formalized system is analogous to the world outside the system. Arguments in analytic philosophy can be useful in clarification, but neither clarification of terms nor clarification of the structure of arguments can eliminate the need for personal judgment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Casper Feilberg ◽  
John Maul

Based on existential-phenomenological perspectives from Merleau-Ponty and Løgstrup, we examine the significance of rhythm for written language skills. Rhythm is both omnipresent and a difficult phenomenon to explore. Methodologically, the article presents phenomenological descriptions and exemplifications, not least a case study of a secondary school student with written language difficulties. Our intention is to illuminate connections between rhythmic perspectives in movement, speech, working memory and language as prerequisites for the acquisition of written language skills. We conclude that rhythm is an essential aspect of our bodily being, and based on the work of Merleau-Ponty, we are able to bring to light relationships between body, rhythm, and written language skills in ways that would not be possible from a natural scientific point of view. Inspired by Merleau-Ponty's analytical approach and the hermeneutic phenomenology of Ricoeur, we will combine an understanding perspective with both human scientific and natural scientific explanations, into a holistic interpretation. The article thus draws empirically on qualitative descriptions of rhythmic phenomena, and theoretically on perspectives from philosophy of language, developmental psychology and neuropsychology, but they are all interpreted in the light of existential-phenomenological ontology.


Author(s):  
Mary Kate McGowan

This chapter offers an overview of some central themes and issues in analytic feminist philosophy of language. Ways in which parts of language, language as a whole, or our study of it involve assumptions about gender are discussed. More recent feminist applications of the tools of analytic philosophy of language to social phenomena are also explored. This includes slurs, generics, silencing, and the speech act approach to both pornography and hate racist hate speech. Ways in which extent feminist work has changed or entered the mainstream of the field, and current and future directions in analytic feminist philosophy of language are also briefly discussed.


2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Penco

In this paper I give a short introduction to the standard way to treat offensive language in contemporary philosophy of language, without giving details on the very rich contemporary literature on the problem. My aim here is to connect what is called a “presuppositional point of view” on pejoratives to the topic of prejudice. At the same time, I want to develop some hints given by Flavio Baroncelli, a political philosopher and colleague who offered some provocative suggestions on the educative role of politically correct language. I will show that some of his ideas are still workable, and at the same time I eventually will try to show what is really new in the diffusion of prejudice through social networks and which kinds of reactions can be foreseen.


Author(s):  
Irina Suima ◽  

The purpose of the paper is to give a detailed description of the features of the communicative environment of the English imperative sentence in dialogical communication. The subject of the research is the imperative sentence surrounded by the other functional types of sentences that are realized in a certain com-municative environment of English dialogical speech. The research methodology includes structural – semantic, context – situational, presuppositional and communicative – pragmatic analyzes. Realization of the intention of imperative sen-tences and the achievement of a perlocutionary effect occurs in the appropriate com-municative environment. It regulates, along with linguistic and extralinguistic factors, the type, the degree of realization of the intention of the imperative sentence as a direct speech act. The communicative environment of these utterances in verbal communication is typified and presupposes the inclusion in it of a certain set of functional types of statements in the sequence of their speech implementation. There is a direct correlation between the communicative environment, the position of the imperative sentences in it and the realization of the imperative intention. Imperative statements, entering a certain communicative environment, being surrounded by the other, similar utterances, declarative, interrogative, emotional, are not simply included in their environment, but form an integral piece of text, a coherent sequence of statements, where the place of each one is functionally defined. Therefore, the nature of the leading intention of the communicative context depends not only on its perlocutionary force, but also largely depends on the interaction of all components of the dialogical entity. In most cases, the function of an interrogative statement in the communicative situation of imperativeness is reduced to narrowing or concretizing the topic of conversation, or to strengthening of unambiguous intentions. Although in some cases the question, being a direct speech act, performs the main function in the implementation of the communicative intention of the speaker, it forms the basis of a complex of statements. The function of an emotive communicative unit was considered in communicative linguistics and earlier, but not as a function of the component of an imperative utterance, therefore we note that an emotive part of the dialogue not only emotionally colors the entire communicative move, but also gives the imperative component a great perlocutionary force. Practical implications of the results of the paper is in the possibility of their use in optimization of the dialogical communication of students of foreign language faculties, in the lectures on theoretical and communicative grammar and functional stylistics, in the organization of lecture courses and special seminars on the theory of dialogue. Value / originality. The English imparetive sentence is analyzed from the point of view of its implementation in a communicative environment, the character of functioning in a certain environment is investigated, which helps to realize the intention of the imperativeness.


Author(s):  
N.V. Belov ◽  
U.I. Papiashwili ◽  
B.E. Yudovich

It has been almost universally adopted that dissolution of solids proceeds with development of uniform, continuous frontiers of reaction.However this point of view is doubtful / 1 /. E.g. we have proved the active role of the block (grain) boundaries in the main phases of cement, these boundaries being the areas of hydrate phases' nucleation / 2 /. It has brought to the supposition that the dissolution frontier of cement particles in water is discrete. It seems also probable that the dissolution proceeds through the channels, which serve both for the liquid phase movement and for the drainage of the incongruant solution products. These channels can be appeared along the block boundaries.In order to demonsrate it, we have offered the method of phase-contrast impregnation of the hardened cement paste with the solution of methyl metacrylahe and benzoyl peroxide. The viscosity of this solution is equal to that of water.


2009 ◽  
pp. 4-27
Author(s):  
A. Cohen ◽  
G. Harcourt

The article written by the well-known theorists and historians of economic thought contains a detailed overview of the Cambridge capital controversy, which had raged from the mid-1950-s through the mid-1970-s. The authors track the origins of the controversy and cover arguments of both sides in chronological order. From their point of view, the discussion hasnt been resolved, and its main underlying aspects were ideological beliefs and fundamental methodological controversies on the nature of equilibrium and on the role of time in economic theory. The article is published with comments written by other leading theoreticians.


2019 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Н. В. Фрадкіна

The purpose and tasks of the work are to analyze the contemporary Ukrainian mass culture in terms of its value and humanistic components, as well as the importance of cultural studies and Ukrainian studies in educational disciplines for the formation of a holistic worldview of modern youth.Analysis of research and publications. Scientists repeatedly turned to the problems of the role of spirituality in the formation of society and its culture. This problem is highlighted in the publications by O. Losev, V. Lytvyn, D. Likhachev, S. Avierintsev, M. Zakovych, I. Stepanenko and E. Kostyshyn.Experts see the main negative impact of mass culture on the quality approach, which determines mass culture through the market, because mass culture, from our point of view, is everything that is sold and used in mass demand.One of the most interesting studies on this issue was the work by the representatives of Frankfurt School M. Horkheimer and T. Adorno «Dialectics of Enlightenment» (1947), devoted to a detailed analysis of mass culture. Propaganda at all socio-cultural levels in the form is similar in both totalitarian and democratic countries. It is connected, according to the authors, with the direction of European enlightenment. The tendency to unify people is a manifestation of the influence of mass culture, from cinema to pop. Mass culture is a phenomenon whose existence is associated with commerce (accumulation in any form – this is the main feature of education), in general, the fact that it exists in this form is related to the direction of the history of civilization.Modern mass culture, with its externally attractive and easily assimilated ideas and symbols, appealing to the trends of modern fashion, becomes a standard of prestigious consumption, does not require intense reflection, allows you to relax, distract, not teach, but entertains, preaches hedonism as the main spiritual value. And as a consequence, there are socio-cultural risks: an active rejection of other people, which leads to the formation of indifference; cruelty as a character trait; increase of violent and mercenary crime; increase in the number of alcohol and drug addicts; anti-patriotism; indifference to the values of the family and as a result of social orphanhood and prostitution.Conclusions, perspectives of research. Thus, we can conclude that modern Ukrainian education is predominantly formed by the values of mass culture. Namely, according to the «Dialectic» by Horkheimer and Adorno, «semi-enlightenment becomes an objective spirit» of our modern society.It is concluded that only high-quality education can create the opposite of the onset of mass culture and the destruction of spirituality in our society. It is proved that only by realizing the importance of cultivating disciplines in the educational process and the spiritual upbringing of the nation, through educational reforms, humanitarian knowledge will gradually return to student audiences.Formation of youth occurs under the influence of social environment, culture, education and self-education. The optimal combination of these factors determines both the process of socialization itself and how successful it will be. In this context, one can see the leading role of education and upbringing. It turns out that the main task of modern education is to spread its influence on the development of spiritual culture of the individual, which eventually becomes a solid foundation for the formation of the individual. Such a subject requires both philosophical and humanitarian approaches in further integrated interdisciplinary research, since the availability of such research will provide the theoretical foundation for truly modern educational and personal development.


2020 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
R. M. Gambarova

Relevance. Grain is the key to strategic products to ensure food security. From this point of view, the creation of large grain farms is a matter for the country's selfsufficiency and it leading to a decrease in financial expense for import. Creation of such farms creates an abundance of productivity from the area and leads to obtaining increased reproductive seeds. The main policy of the government is to minimize dependency from import, create abundance of food and create favorable conditions for export potential.The purpose of the study: the development of grain production in order to ensure food security of the country and strengthen government support for this industry.Methods: comparative analysis, systems approach.Results. As shown in the research, if we pay attention to the activities of private entrepreneurship in the country, we can see result of the implementation of agrarian reforms after which various types of farms have been created in republic.The role of privateentrepreneurshipinthedevelopmentofproduction is great. Тhe article outlines the sowing area, production, productivity, import, export of grain and the level of selfsufficiency in this country from 2015 till 2017.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Outi Paloposki

The article looks at book production and circulation from the point of view of translators, who, as purchasers and readers of foreign-language books, are an important mediating force in the selection of literature for translation. Taking the German publisher Tauchnitz's series ‘Collection of British Authors’ and its circulation in Finland in the nineteenth and early twentieth century as a case in point, the article argues that the increased availability of English-language books facilitated the acquiring and honing of translators' language skills and gradually diminished the need for indirect translating. Book history and translation studies meet here in an examination of the role of the Collection in Finnish translators' work.


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