Manufacturing and compatibilization of binary blends of polyethylene and poly(bulylene succinate) by injection molding

<p class="JARTEAbstract">In this study was analyzed the effect of three different compatibilizers polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA), unmodified halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), and HNTs treated by silanization with (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GLYMO) (silanized HNTs) in blends of bio-based high-density polyethylene (bioPE) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) with a weight ratio of (70/30). Each compatibilizer was added in a proportion of (3 phr regarding PBS). Standard samples were obtained by extrusion and subsequent injection molding. The analyzes of the samples were performed by mechanical tests, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and wettability (θ<sub>w</sub>). Results suggest that the addition of modified HNTs (silanized HNTs) allowed to obtain better properties than samples compatibilized with unmodified HNTs and PE-g-MA, due to it contributes with the improvement in mechanical properties regarding bioPE/PBS blend, for instance, the tensile modulus and elongation at break increase about 8% and 13%, respectively. In addition, it was determined through FESEM images and that silanized HNTs particles were better dispersed over the matrix, which in fact contribute to the enhance in mechanical properties. TGA showed that silanized HNTs delay the degradation temperature regarding the uncompatibilized blend. While DMTA indicated the reduction in the mobility of the chains in samples with unmodified and modified HNTs. Therefore, it was successfully obtained compatibilized bioPE/PBS blends, which constitutes an interesting option to develop new sustainable polymers.</p>

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Preparation of epoxy/urethane graft interpenetrating polymer networks and study of mechanical, thermal and morphological properties

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly.2009.9.1.855 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mehdi Ghafghazi ◽

Masoud Esfandeh ◽

Jalil Morshedian

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Polymer Networks ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Degradation Temperature ◽

Ft Ir

AbstractThis paper describes the preparation of Epoxy/Urethane (EP/PU) graft interpenetrating polymer networks (g-IPNs) and investigates the effect of EP/PU weight ratio and urethane's prepolymer molecular weight on the mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of the IPN system. Here, g-IPN was prepared by thorough mixing of an isocyanate-terminated urethane prepolymer with an epoxy resin followed by simultaneous curing of the resins. Polytetra hydrofuranate (PTHF), molecular weights (Mw) 1000, 2000 and 3000 g/gmol, was used to prepare urethane prepolymers. EP/PU weight ratios were 75/25, 50/50, 30/70 and 15/85. Disappearance of epoxide and isocyanate functional groups was followed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), showing curing of the resins. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the IPNs. Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA), tensile measurements and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to study thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of the prepared systems. The best mechanical properties were obtained at EP/PU weight ratio 75/25 which also shows a fine and uniformly dispersed morphology. Moreover, at this ratio, with increasing PTHF Mw in the urethane prepolymer, the mechanical properties were improved whereas a decrease was observed in Tg and thermal degradation temperature of g-IPNs.

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Tailoring Polylactic Acid Properties for Packaging Applications: Effects of Co‐Addition of Halloysite Nanotubes and Selected Plasticizers

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1002.47 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1002 ◽

pp. 47-56

Author(s):

Abdulkader M. Alakrach ◽

Nik Noriman Zulkepli ◽

Awad A. Al-Rashdi ◽

Sam Sung Ting ◽

Rosniza Hamzah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Thermal Analyses ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Halloysite Nanotubes ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Co Addition

Polylactic acid (PLA) has recently given a huge attention because of its mechanical properties and good physical like good biodegradability and processability, high tensile modulus and strength. In the current research, the researchers utilized sesame oil (SO) and low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) as hydrophobic and hydrophilic plasticizers, towards improvise the ductility and toughness of PLA. The researchers synthesized nanocomposites by solution casting of the neat PLA/HNTs and PLA blends with weight ratio of (0,10, 20 and 30 wt%) for PEG and (0, 5 and 10 wt%) for SO. The influence of both plasticizers on chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. Characterization of the systems was achieved by mechanical testing and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR analyses confirmed the existing of hydrogen bonding between PLA and both PEG and SO. significant improvement was shown by the plasticized nanocomposites in elongation at break with the adding of PEG and SO, meanwhile, the plasticized films’ strength were decreased. For the thermal analyses, all the films exhibited lower thermal stability compared to PLA/HNTs film.

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Mechanical Property Improvement of Poly(Butylene Succinate) by Reinforcing with Modified Fumed Silica

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.215 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1025-1026 ◽

pp. 215-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sasirada Weerasunthorn ◽

Pranut Potiyaraj

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Fumed Silica ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Silica Particles ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Ir Spectrophotometry

Fumed silica particles (SiO2) were directly added into poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) by melt mixing process. The effects of amount of fumed silica particles on mechanical properties of PBS/fumed silica composites, those are tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength as well as flexural strength, were investigated. It was found that the mechanical properties decreased with increasing fumed silica loading (0-3 wt%). In order to increase polymer-filler interaction, fumed silica was treated with 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPMS), and its structure was analyzed by FT-IR spectrophotometry. The PBS/modified was found to possess better tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength and flexural strength that those of PBS/fumed silica composites.

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Halloysite Nanotubes and Silane-Treated Alumina Trihydrate Hybrid Flame Retardant System for High-Performance Cable Insulation

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13132134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 2134

Author(s):

Sandra Paszkiewicz ◽

Izabela Irska ◽

Iman Taraghi ◽

Elżbieta Piesowicz ◽

Jakub Sieminski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Polymer Blend ◽

Hybrid System ◽

Reference Sample ◽

Melt Flow Index ◽

Halloysite Nanotubes ◽

Flow Index ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Limiting Oxygen Index ◽

Alumina Trihydrate

The effect of the presence of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and silane-treated alumina trihydrate (ATH-sil) nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardancy properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer/low-density polyethylene (LDPE) blends was investigated. Different weight percentages of HNT and ATH-sil nanoparticles, as well as the hybrid system of those nanofillers, were melt mixed with the polymer blend (reference sample) using a twin-screw extruder. The morphology of the nanoparticles and polymer compositions was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The mechanical properties, hardness, water absorption, and melt flow index (MFI) of the compositions were assessed. The tensile strength increases as a function of the amount of HNT nanofiller; however, the elongation at break decreases. In the case of the hybrid system of nanofillers, the compositions showed superior mechanical properties. The thermal properties of the reference sample and those of the corresponding sample with nanofiller blends were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Two peaks were observed in the melting and crystallization temperatures. This shows that the EVA/LDPE is an immiscible polymer blend. The thermal stability of the blends was improved by the presence of HNTs and ATH-sil nanoparticles. Thermal degradation temperatures were shifted to higher values by the presence of hybrid nanofillers. Finally, the flammability of the compositions was assessed. Flammability as reflected by the limiting oxygen index (OI) was increased by the presence of HNT and ATH-sil nanofiller and a hybrid system of the nanoparticles.

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Mechanical and microstructural properties of polystyrene based composites: positron lifetime spectroscopic and DSC studies

Journal of Polymer Engineering ◽

10.1515/polyeng.2011.021 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (2-3) ◽

Author(s):

Abdullah Mohammed Ali Mohammed Altaweel ◽

Jaya Madhu Raj ◽

Malalvalli Nagarajaiah Chandrashekara ◽

Puttegowda Ramya ◽

Parthasarathy Sampathkumaran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Stability ◽

Free Volume ◽

Positron Lifetime ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Silica Content ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Dsc Studies ◽

Microstructural Property ◽

Calcium Aluminosilicate

Abstract Polystyrene (PS) based composites respectively with cenosphere (CS) and calcium aluminosilicate (CAS) as fillers were studied using the positron lifetime technique to reveal the correlation between free volume, a microstructural property, and mechanical properties of the composites (tensile strength and tensile modulus). The thermal stability of the composites was determined using differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that addition of CAS filler lead to a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the composite, whereas addition of CS resulted in improvement in tensile modulus only. Both PS/CAS and PS/CS composites showed enhancement in thermal stability compared with that of the pure PS matrix. The positron results showed that the average free volume size for the PS/CAS composite (at 40 phr CAS) was reduced significantly compared with that of the pure PS. These results are understood in terms of the influence of silica content, filler-matrix interaction, and particle size.

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Post-Processing Time Dependence of Shrinkage and Mechanical Properties of Injection-Molded Polypropylene

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14010022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Artur Kościuszko ◽

Dawid Marciniak ◽

Dariusz Sykutera

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Injection Molding ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Mold Temperature ◽

Degree Of Crystallinity ◽

Injection Mold ◽

Secondary Crystallization ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Injection Molded

Dimensions of the injection-molded semi-crystalline materials (polymeric products) decrease with the time that elapses from their formation. The post-molding shrinkage is an effect of secondary crystallization; the increase in the degree of polymer crystallinity leads to an increase in stiffness and decrease in impact strength of the polymer material. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the values of post-molding shrinkage of polypropylene produced by injection molding at two different temperatures of the mold (20 °C and 80 °C), and conditioned for 504 h at 23 °C. Subsequently, the samples were annealed for 24 h at 140 °C in order to conduct their accelerated aging. The results of shrinkage tests were related to the changes of mechanical properties that accompany the secondary crystallization. The degree of crystallinity of the conditioned samples was determined by means of density measurements and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the changes in the length of the moldings that took place after removal from the injection mold were accompanied by an increase of 20% in the modulus of elasticity, regardless of the conditions under which the samples were made. The differences in the shrinkage and mechanical properties of the samples resulting from mold temperature, as determined by tensile test, were removed by annealing. However, the samples made at two different injection mold temperature values still significantly differed in impact strength, the values of which were clearly higher for the annealed samples compared to the results determined for the samples immediately after the injection molding.

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Effects of Steam Heat and Dry Heat Sterilization on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Nylon and Policarbonate in Fabrication with Fused Filament

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.891.150 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 891 ◽

pp. 150-163

Author(s):

Jorge Mauricio Fuentes ◽

Omar Flor Unda ◽

Santiago Ferrandiz ◽

Franyelit Suarez

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermomechanical Analysis ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Thermal Tests ◽

Dry Heat ◽

Izod Impact ◽

Steam Heat

In this article presents evidence about performance of mechanical properties of polycarbonate and nylon materials, which are used in the additive manufacturing by deposition of molten material and that have been subjected to sterilization processes by moist heat at 121°C and dry heat at 140°C. This study provides useful information to consider the use of these materials in sanitary and sterile settings. Mechanical tests of tensile, flex, hardness, Izod impact, thermal tests in Differential Scanning Calorimetry DSC, Thermomechanical analysis TMA and Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM were performed. It is concluded that the mechanical and thermal properties have not been altered through the effect of temperature in sterilization processes.

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Physico Chemical Characterization of Nanofibrous Poly(Ε-Caprolactone) Electrospun Templates for Cell Adhesion

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2017.529 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (49) ◽

pp. 2689-2694

Author(s):

Karla A. Gaspar-Ovalle ◽

Juan V. Cauich-Rodriguez ◽

Armando Encinas

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Cell Adhesion ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Water Contact ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Static Water

ABSTRACTNanofibrous mats of poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) were fabricated by electrospinning. The nanofiber structures were investigated and characterized by scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, static water-contact-angle analysis and mechanical properties. The results showed that the nanofibrous PCL is an ideal biopolymer for cell adhesion, owing to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, structural stability and mechanical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the fibrous structure of PCL does not alter its crystallinity. Studies of the mechanical properties, wettability and degradability showed that the structure of the electrospun PCL improved the tensile modulus, tensile strength, wettability and biodegradability of the nanotemplates. To evaluate the nanofibrous structure of PCL on cell adhesion, osteoblasts cells were seeded on these templates. The results showed that both adhesion and proliferation of the cells is viable on these electrospun PCL membranes. Thus electrospinning is a relatively inexpensive and scalable manufacturing technique for submicron to nanometer diameter fibers, which can be of interest in the commodity industry.

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Characteristics and mechanical properties changes due to incorporation of aloe vera in polyethylene-based film

Scientific Research Journal ◽

10.24191/srj.v17i2.9837 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Siti Fatma Abd Karim ◽

Junaidah Binti Jai ◽

Ku Halim Ku Hamid ◽

Abdul Wafi Abdul Jalil

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Degradation ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Functional Materials ◽

Chain Structure ◽

Substantial Effect ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Degradation Temperature ◽

And Performance ◽

The Impact

Non-degradable properties of polyethylene (PE) films due to long-chain structure cause increment of solid waste plastic. Many researchers, with different purposes, have studied the incorporation of functional materials to PE. Studying the impact of incorporation of aloe vera (AV) into PE films in terms of its characteristic and mechanical properties is the main objective of this paper. The films were prepared using melt-blending and hot press technique. The characterization assessed for the PE and PE-AV films were spectroscopy, crystalline phase, thermal analysis and performance of mechanical properties of the sample. The functional group detected in spectroscopy studied did not show any changes for PE film or PE with the presence of AV. Lower thermal degradation temperature (Td) obtained for PE-AV3 while others film found no significant changes of Td value and only one peak of thermal degradation occurred for all film. The same goes to the analysis obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data. However, the crystalline structure displayed momentous peak changes for PE with AV. The highest tensile strength (TS) obtained by PE-AV3, at once developing highest value of Young’s modulus (YM), modulus of resilience (UE) and modulus of toughness (UT). A certain amount of AV has substantial effect on changing the polymeric structure especially improving the mechanical properties of PE film. Therefore, AV has potential to become an additive for developing a new partially degradable PE film.

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The effect of isothermal crystallization on mechanical properties of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly-2022-0001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Wei Zhang ◽

Qingyin Wang ◽

Gongying Wang ◽

Shaoying Liu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Intrinsic Viscosity ◽

Crystallization Temperature ◽

Isothermal Crystallization ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Crystallization Time ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Crystallization Properties ◽

Poly Ethylene

Abstract The effects of isothermal crystallization temperature/time on mechanical properties of bio-based polyester poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) were investigated. The intrinsic viscosity, crystallization properties, thermal properties, and microstructure of PEF were characterized using ubbelohde viscometer, X-ray diffraction, polarizing optical microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The PEF sample isothermal crystallized at various temperatures for various times was denoted as PEF-T-t. The results showed that the isothermal crystallization temperature affected the mechanical properties of PEF-T-30 by simultaneously affecting its crystallization properties and intrinsic viscosity. The isothermal crystallization time only affected the crystallization properties of PEF-110-t. The crystallinity of PEF-110-40 was 17.1%. With small crystal size, poor regularity, and α′-crystal, PEF-110-40 can absorb the energy generated in the tensile process to the maximum extent. Therefore, the best mechanical properties can be obtained for PEF-110-40 with the tensile strength of 43.55 MPa, the tensile modulus of 1,296 MPa, and the elongation at a break of 13.36%.

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