scholarly journals Intake of different hays with presence of Colchicum autumnale by rabbits

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
T. Eve ◽  
L. Nief ◽  
S. Gonçalves ◽  
C. Fontfreyde ◽  
S. Jurjanz
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Colchicum Autumnale ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Real Value ◽  
Rabbit Meat ◽  
Toxic Plant

<p>The ingestion of 3 hay types by growing rabbits and the consequences on animal performance were studied in a first part. Two kinds of hay from high nature value grasslands [CFP (<em>Colchico-Festucetum pratensis</em>) and SBR (<em>Senecioni-Brometum racemosi</em>)] differentiated by their botanical composition were compared to a classical agricultural hay (control). The 3 hays, offered <em>ad libitum</em>, were ingested at 30.6, 34.8 and 36.1 g/kg body weight (BW) respectively for SBR, CFP and the control, where the consumption of SBR hay was significantly lower. (P&lt;0.01). The type of hay distributed did not affect the consumption of commercial feed or growth (44 g/kg BW and 36 g/d, respectively). The effect of meadow saffron concentration (<em>Colchicum autumnale</em>) in CFP hay was tested at 3 doses (absence, 2.75 and 15% of the distributed hay mass) with respect to their effect on ingestion and animal health. Again, no effect of the presence of meadow saffron (MeS) in the hay on these parameters was observed, even at the highest dose. However, during this second part, rabbits preferred to consume meadow saffron instead of the rest of the distributed hay (hardly any MeS was refused by rabbits at the representative dose, whereas 12% of the rest of the hay was refused, and 3.4 and 20% respectively at the maximal dose). The intake of the toxic alkaloid colchicine corresponded to 30 to 44% of the median lethal doses (LD<sub>50</sub>) at the representative and maximal doses respectively. The real exposure of the rabbits was probably lower, as the absorption of ingested colchicine is reported to be around 50% of the LD<sub>50</sub> values which are established after an intravenous injection. Nevertheless, the absence of any effect should be interpreted with caution. The colchicine content of MeS varied greatly depending on the time of harvest and the parts of the plant taken into consideration. A late harvest (mid-June or later) would ensure (very) low concentrations of colchicine in the aerial parts of MeS. The presence of cloves on this plant should be completely avoided, due to the very high concentration of colchicine in the seeds. Moreover, long term exposure of the animals to this toxic plant may increase the risk of adverse effects. The study shows that hay distribution can aid digestion without altering the animal’s performance. Moreover, the valorisation of hay from high nature value grasslands would not only add real value to the commercialisation of rabbit meat by commercial breeders, but also to pet owners on the condition that hay quality would be guaranteed.</p>

scholarly journals Renal hemodynamic and excretory responses to intra-arterial infusion of peroxynitrite in anesthetized rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (1) ◽  
pp. F170-F176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis C. Matavelli ◽  
Philip J. Kadowitz ◽  
L. Gabriel Navar ◽  
Dewan S. A. Majid
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Arterial Infusion ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Nos Inhibitor ◽  
Renal Responses ◽  
Higher Doses

Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) is formed endogenously by the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2−). To examine the hypothesis that OONO− cause renal vasodilation at low concentrations but cause vasoconstriction at higher concentrations, we examined renal responses to intra-arterial infusion of incremental doses of OONO− (10, 20, and 40 μg·kg−1·min−1; 45 min each) in anesthetized rats. Renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were determined by PAH and inulin clearance. In control rats ( n = 6), low dose (10 μg·kg−1·min−1) of OONO− increased RBF by 10 ± 3% and GFR by 15 ± 5%. The higher doses (20 and 40 μg·kg−1·min−1) mostly reversed these responses which were −7 ± 4 and −27 ± 7% ( P < 0.05) in RBF and −0.1 ± 4.8 and −14 ± 12% in GFR, respectively. There were no appreciable changes in urine flow (V) and sodium excretion (UNaV) during OONO− infusion. However, in rats pretreated with NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, l-NAME (50 μg·kg−1·min−1; n = 5), these doses of ONOO− significantly reduced RBF (−26 ± 7, −27 ± 6, and −44 ± 3%) and GFR (−21 ± 6, −25 ± 8, and −32 ± 12%) with variable increases in V or UNaV. Long-term infusion of OONO− (10 μg·kg−1·min−1 for 75 min) in another set of control rats ( n = 5) also showed similar vasodilator and hyperfiltration responses. These data indicate that ONOO− acts as an oxidant at high concentration but provides renoprotective function at low concentration that depends on intact NOS activity.

scholarly journals Intralysosomal accumulation of polyanions. I. Fusion of pinocytic and phagocytic vacuoles with secondary lysosomes.

1982 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 866-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Kielian ◽  
R M Steinman ◽  
Z A Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Toluidine Blue Staining ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Secondary Lysosomes ◽  
Pinocytic Vesicles

The long-term exposure of macrophages to low concentrations of a number of polyanions leads to their accumulation in high concentration within secondary lysosomes. This was associated with enlargement of the lysosomes, the presence of membranous whorls, and intense toluidine blue staining of the organelles at pH 1.0. After the ingestion of a particulate load by these cells, newly formed phagocytic vacuoles failed to fuse with polyanion-laden lysosomes. The lack of fusion was evident in both fluorescence and electron micrographic studies which followed the transfer of acridine orange or Thorotrast from 2 degrees lysosomes to phagosomes. Agents that inhibited phagosome-lysosome (P-L) fusion included molecules containing high densities of sulfate, sulfonate, or carboxylate residues. Dextran sulfate (DS) in microgram/ml quantities was an excellent inhibitor, whereas nonsulfated dextran (D) was without effect at 1,000-fold higher concentrations. In contrast to their effects on P-L fusion, polyanions failed to influence the fusion of pinocytic vesicles with 2 degrees lysosomes. The uptake, intravacuolar distribution, and intralysosomal digestion of fluid-phase pinocytic markers were unaltered in lysosomes containing either D or DS. Furthermore, subcellular fractionation studies showed that the fluid-phase pinocytic marker HRP was efficiently transferred from pinosomes to large, dense 2 degrees lysosomes containing DS.

Increase associated risk of gynaecological cancer due to long-term exposure to high concentration of atmospheric SO2 industrial pollutant

2021 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2110036
Author(s):  
Qian Xu ◽  
Chan Lu ◽  
Rachael Gakii Murithi ◽  
Lanqin Cao
Keyword(s):  
Time Windows ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Gynaecological Cancer ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The Past ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring Stations ◽  
Control Study

A cohort case–control study was conducted in XiangYa Hospital, Changsha, China, which involved 305 patients and 399 healthy women, from June 2010 to December 2018, to evaluate the association between Chinese women’s short- and long-term exposure to industrial air pollutant, SO2 and gynaecological cancer (GC). We obtained personal and family information from the XiangYa Hospital electronic computer medical records. Using data obtained from the air quality monitoring stations in Changsha, we estimated each woman’s exposure to the industrial air pollutant, sulphur dioxide (SO2), for different time windows, including the past 1, 5, 10 and 15 years before diagnosis of the disease. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the association between GC and SO2 exposure. GC was significantly associated with long-term SO2 exposure, with adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.56 (1.10–2.21) and 1.81 (1.07–3.06) for a per interquartile range increase in the past 10 and 15 years, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that different groups reacted in different ways to long-term SO2 exposure. We concluded that long-term exposure to high concentration of industrial pollutant, SO2 is associated with the development of GC. This finding has implications for the prevention and reduction of GC.

Small-volume vitrification and rapid warming yield high survivals of one-cell rat embryos in cryotubes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyoshi Fukuda ◽  
Misako Higashiya ◽  
Takahiro Obata ◽  
Keita Basaki ◽  
Megumi Yano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Rat Embryos ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Intracellular Ice Formation ◽  
Intracellular Ice ◽  
Warming Rate ◽  
Very High

Abstract To cryopreserve cells, it is essential to avoid intracellular ice formation during cooling and warming. One way to achieve this is to convert the water inside the cells into a non-crystalline glass. It is currently believed that to accomplish this vitrification, the cells must be suspended in a very high concentration (20–40%) of a glass-inducing solute, and subsequently cooled very rapidly. Herein, we report that this belief is erroneous with respect to the vitrification of one-cell rat embryos. In the present study, one-cell rat embryos were vitrified with 5 μL of EFS10 (a mixture of 10% ethylene glycol, 27% Ficoll, and 0.45 M sucrose) in cryotubes at a moderate cooling rate, and warmed at various rates. Survival was assessed according to the ability of the cells to develop into blastocysts and to develop to term. When embryos were vitrified at a 2,613 °C/min cooling rate and thawed by adding 1 mL of sucrose solution (0.3 M, 50 °C) at a warming rate of 18,467 °C/min, 58.1 ± 3.5% of the EFS10-vitrified embryos developed into blastocysts, and 50.0 ± 4.7% developed to term. These rates were similar to those of non-treated intact embryos. Using a conventional cryotube, we achieved developmental capabilities in one-cell rat embryos by rapid warming that were comparable to those of intact embryos, even using low concentrations (10%) of cell-permeating cryoprotectant and at low cooling rates.

scholarly journals Self-buffering capacity of a human sulfatase for central nervous system delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wen ◽  
Nazila Salamat-Miller ◽  
Keethkumar Jain ◽  
Katherine Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
The Self ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Formulation Design ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Enzymes ◽  
Intrathecal Space

AbstractDirect delivery of therapeutic enzymes to the Central Nervous System requires stringent formulation design. Not only should the formulation design consider the delicate balance of existing ions, proteins, and osmolality in the cerebrospinal fluid, it must also provide long term efficacy and stability for the enzyme. One fundamental approach to this predicament is designing formulations with no buffering species. In this study, we report a high concentration, saline-based formulation for a human sulfatase for its delivery into the intrathecal space. A high concentration formulation (≤ 40 mg/mL) was developed through a series of systematic studies that demonstrated the feasibility of a self-buffered formulation for this molecule. The self-buffering capacity phenomenon was found to be a product of both the protein itself and potentially the residual phosphates associated with the protein. To date, the self-buffered formulation for this molecule has been stable for up to 4 years when stored at 5 ± 3 °C, with no changes either in the pH values or other quality attributes of the molecule. The high concentration self-buffered protein formulation was also observed to be stable when exposed to multiple freeze–thaw cycles and was robust during in-use and agitation studies.

scholarly journals Indoor radon concentration and a diffusion model in dwellings situated in a subalkaline granitoid area, Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Romero-Mujalli ◽  
A. Roisenberg ◽  
A. Cordova-Gonzalez ◽  
P. H. P. Stefano
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Environmental Limits ◽  
Radon Measurements ◽  
Cr 39 Detectors

AbstractRadon (Rn), a radioactive element, has especial interest in medical geology because long-term exposure to high concentration is related to lung cancer. In this study, outdoor and indoor radon measurements were conducted in dwellings of the Piquiri Syenite Massif, located in southern Brazil, given the relative high Rn content in soils of this region. Measurements were done using CR-39 detectors and placing them inside and outside dwellings. Moreover, a one-dimensional diffusion model was performed in order to quantify the natural transport of Rn to the air in confined and aerated environments. Results indicate that the region presents relatively low air Rn concentrations, within the environmental limits; however, the health risk might increase in confined and ill-ventilated environments because of transfer from soil and exhalation from ornamental rock-material often found inside dwellings. The main north facies of the syenite, where most of the rock extractions are located, was found to have the highest air Rn concentration because of the higher soil Rn concentration, compared to other facies of the syenite.

scholarly journals Continuous Long-Term Exposure to Low Concentrations of MWCNTs Induces an Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in BEAS-2B Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1742
Author(s):  
Hélène Barthel ◽  
Christian Darne ◽  
Laurent Gaté ◽  
Athanase Visvikis ◽  
Carole Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Pulmonary Exposure ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Mitotic Abnormalities ◽  
Epithelial Marker ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

In the field of nanotechnology, the use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is growing. Pulmonary exposure during their production, use, and handling is raising concerns about their potential adverse health effects. The purpose of this study is to assess how the physical characteristics of MWCNTs, such as diameter and/or length, can play a role in cellular toxicity. Our experimental design is based on the treatment of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) for six weeks with low concentrations (0.125–1 µg/cm2) of MWCNTs having opposite characteristics: NM-403 and Mitsui-7. Following treatment with both MWCNTs, we observed an increase in mitotic abnormalities and micronucleus-positive cells. The cytotoxic effect was delayed in cells treated with NM-403 compared to Mitsui-7. After 4–6 weeks of treatment, a clear cellular morphological change from epithelial to fibroblast-like phenotype was noted, together with a change in the cell population composition. BEAS-2B cells underwent a conversion from the epithelial to mesenchymal state as we observed a decrease in the epithelial marker E-cadherin and an increased expression of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Fibronectin. After four weeks of recovery, we showed that the induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition is reversible, and that the degree of reversibility depends on the MWCNT.

Drosophila cell fusion induced by wheat germ agglutinin

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
R.M. Rizki ◽  
T.M. Rizki ◽  
C.A. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wheat Germ Agglutinin ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Drosophila Cell ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Embryonic Cell Lines ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effects of wheat germ agglutinin on Drosophila embryonic cell lines growing on cover-glasses was examined by scanning electron microscopy. At low concentrations of the lectin (5-10 mug/ml), cells spread against the glass surface and fused to form syncytia. At high concentration, damage to the cell surface was evidenced as extensive membrane shrivelling and loss of surface microfilaments. Fusion also occurred under these conditions. There was some indication that the morphology of cells in division remains undisturbed by wheat germ agglutinin. The coalescence of cells and morphologic disotrtion induced by wheat germ agglutinin were not inhibited by N-acetylglucosamine, the hapten inhibitor of the lectin, under the conditions utilized in this study.

Long-term study of indolent adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (22) ◽  
pp. 4337-4343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Takasaki ◽  
Masako Iwanaga ◽  
Yoshitaka Imaizumi ◽  
Masayuki Tawara ◽  
Tatsuro Joh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
T Cell Leukemia ◽  
Cell Leukemia ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Adult T Cell Leukemia ◽  
Long Term Study

Abstract The long-term prognosis of indolent adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is not clearly elucidated. From 1974 to 2003, newly diagnosed indolent ATL in 90 patients (65 chronic type and 25 smoldering type) was analyzed. The median survival time was 4.1 years; 12 patients remained alive for more than 10 years, 44 progressed to acute ATL, and 63 patients died. The estimated 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival rates were 47.2%, 25.4%, and 14.1%, respectively, with no plateau in the survival curve. Although most patients were treated with watchful waiting, 12 patients were treated with chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that advanced performance status (PS), neutrophilia, high concentration of lactate dehydrogenase, more than 3 extranodal lesions, more than 4 total involved lesions, and receiving chemotherapy were unfavorable prognostic factors for survival. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that advanced PS was a borderline significant independent factor in poor survival (hazard ratio, 2.1, 95% confidence interval, 1.0-4.6; P = .06), but it was not a factor when analysis was limited to patients who had not received chemotherapy. The prognosis of indolent ATL in this study was poorer than expected. These findings suggest that even patients with indolent ATL should be carefully observed in clinical practice. Further studies are required to develop treatments for indolent ATL.

scholarly journals Blooms of bryozoans and epibenthic diatoms in an urbanized sandy Beach (Balneário Camboriú - SC - Brazil): dynamics, possible causes and biomass characterization

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Rubi Rörig ◽  
Maevi Ottonelli ◽  
Ana Gabriela Itokazu ◽  
Marcelo Maraschin ◽  
João Vitor Heberle Lins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Environmental Health Problem

Abstract Balneário Camboriu (SC - Brazil) is a touristic city where the disordered growth of the urban population and the implementation of coastal works without proper evaluation generated environmental impacts and affected the sanitary quality of water and sediment of Camboriu River and marine adjacent area. One of the most recent and alarming phenomena observed are the blooms of invasive bryozoans (Arboscuspis bellula and Membraniporopsis tubigera) associated with epibenthic diatoms (Amphitetras antediluviana and Biddulphia biddulphiana). Several clues associate these phenomena, started in 2003, with the excess of nutrients and organic matter in the Camboriú cove and large coastal works such as dredging, landfills and construction of jetties, leading to changes in benthic ecological structure. Being an aesthetic and environmental health problem, the concern of the scientific community and government agencies intensified as the occurrences become more frequent and persistent. This research addresses this issue through environmental and experimental studies. Samplings of the benthic material collected by boat and diving, and blooms monitoring were the environmental approach. The laboratory work included the algal isolation and culture, in addition to growth conditions assessment and chemical biomass analysis. Monitoring data showed a seasonal trend in the blooms, with more conspicuous events in warmer months. Diatoms increase in abundance in colder months and bryozoans in the warmer ones. The diatom A. antediluviana, predominant in the blooms, grew satisfactorily in laboratory cultivation, showing better growth in media with higher concentrations of silicate and phosphate. Bryozoans showed slow growth in laboratory conditions. The deposited material collected in the environment showed low concentrations of saturated fatty acids, but the high biomass suggest a possible use for biofuels production. Biomass samples dominated by bryozoans showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The explanation for the occurrence of these blooms are still inconclusive, but there is considerable evidence that it is a synergistic effect between the high concentration of bacteria and organic debris in the water related to local pollution and the elimination of natural competitors by coastal works.

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