scholarly journals SELF CLEANING OF EARS BY VARIOUS OBJECTS CAUSES MULTIPLE DISEASES OF EXTERNAL EAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (Suppl-3) ◽  
pp. S476-78
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Asad Shabbir Bukhari ◽  
Sohail Aslam ◽  
Mahrukh Afzal ◽  
Naeem Riaz ◽  
Asim Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
External Ear ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Design Case ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Control Study

Objective: To find out the association of multiple diseases of external ear with the use of various objects and cotton buds. Study Design: Case control study. Place and Duration of Study: Ear Nose Throat Department, Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Karachi, from Jan to Oct 2020. Methodology: All the patients having multiple diseases of external ear were included as cases. Controls were selected from the healthy volunteers from general populations. Results: Total number of subjects in this study was 140 with the mean age 25.11 ± 11.21 years (2-55 years of age range). Out of them, 82 were male and 58 were female. Odds ratio was 16.07. Conclusion: There is a solid relationship of illnesses of external ear with the utilization of cotton buds. This detrimental practice should be incapacitated by featuring the notice by brands owners of cotton bud and safety instructions at different instructive levels.

Case-Control Studies

2019 ◽  
pp. 169-186
Author(s):  
Daniel Westreich
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

In contrast to an observational cohort study in which participants are identified, exposures are measured, and then outcomes status is measured after follow-up, a case-control study is an observational study in which researchers sample participants based on their outcome status, often only after all outcomes have already occurred. This chapter echoes the structure of the previous two chapters in the discussion of case-control studies. In this chapter, the author’s focus is on understanding the relationship between cohort studies and case-control studies and on how the interpretation of the odds ratio estimated from the case-control study depends on the relationship of the case-control study to a cohort study.

HUBUNGAN STUNTING DENGAN KEJADIAN TUBERKULOSIS PADA BALITA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
NFN Jahiroh ◽  
Nurhayati Prihartono
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Abstrak : Tuberkulosis (TB) dan stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui hubungan stunting dengan kejadian TB pada anak usia 1-59 bulan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus-kontrol. Kasus adalah anak usia 1-59 bulan yang berobat di puskesmas yang didiagnosis TB oleh dokter menggunakan sistem skoring. Kontrol adalah anak usia 1-59 bulan yang berkunjung ke puskesmas yang sama dengan kasus, didiagnosis bukan TB. Pemilihan kontrol menggunakan teknik sampling acak sederhana. Balita dengan TB dan bukan TB terdistribusi yang hampir sama menurut jenis kelamin dan ventilasi rumah. Jika dibandingkan dengan balita gizi normal, balita gizi stunting mempunyai risiko yang lebih tinggi sakit TB. Balita pendek dan sangat pendek mempunyai risiko masing-masing 3,5 kali dan 9 kali sakit TB [adjusted odds ratio (OR = 3.54; P = 0,004 and and OR = 9.06; P = 0.001) respectively. Ditinjau dari segi imunisasi BCG, balita yang tidak diimunisasi dibandingkan yang diimunisasi BCG mempunyai risiko 4 kali sakit TB. Pada kontak serumah dengan pasien TB, balita yang mempunyai kontak dibandingkan tidak mempunyai kontak serumah dengan pasien TB berisiko hampir 12 kali sakit TB (OR = 11.96; P = 0.000). Sedangkan jika ditinjau dari usia balita, balita usia < 24 bulan dibandingkan balita usia > 24 bulan mempunyai risiko 2,8 kali sakit TB OR = 2.84; P = 0.011). Balita stunting, yang tidak diimunisasi, dan yang mempunyai kontak TB serumah TB mempunyai risiko lebih besar sakit TB. Abstract : Tuberculosis (TB) and stunting remain a health problem in Indonesia. The objective orf this study was to identify the relationship of stunting with the incidence of TB in children aged 1-59 months. This case-control study in district of West Bandung (West Java). Cases were children aged 1-59 months who visited at clinic health center diagnosed TB by a doctor using a scoring system. Controls were the same age who visited the same clinic with the case, not diagnosed TB. Balita dengan TB dan bukan TB terdistribusi yang hampir sama menurut jenis kelamin dan ventilasi rumah. Jika dibandingkan dengan balita gizi normal, balita gizi stunting mempunyai risiko yang lebih tinggi sakit TB. Balita pendek dan sangat pendek mempunyai risiko masing-masing 3,5 kali dan 9 kali sakit TB [adjusted odds ratio (OR = 3.54; P = 0,004 and and OR = 9.06; P = 0.001) respectively. Ditinjau dari segi imunisasi BCG, balita yang tidak diimunisasi dibandingkan yang diimunisasi BCG mempunyai risiko 4 kali sakit TB. Pada kontak serumah dengan pasien TB, balita yang mempunyai kontak dibandingkan tidak mempunyai kontak serumah dengan pasien TB berisiko hampir 12 kali sakit TB (OR = 11.96; P = 0.000). Sedangkan jika ditinjau dari usia balita, balita usia < 24 bulan dibandingkan balita usia lebih 24 bulan mempunyai risiko 2,8 kali sakit TB OR = 2.84; P = 0.011). Stunting toddler, not immunized, and had TB contact at home had higher risk to be TB.

scholarly journals Severe androgenetic alopecia as a maker of metabolic syndrome in male patients of androgenetic alopecia: a hospital based case control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Mohd. R. Tilwani ◽  
Naina K. Dogra ◽  
Devraj Dogra ◽  
Suhail Raheem Rather ◽  
Parvaiz A. Rather
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Androgenetic Alopecia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Control Study

Background: Several previous studies have investigated the association between androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and metabolic syndrome (MS), with inconsistent results. Objectives of the study were to study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in male patients of androgenetic alopecia and compare with control population and study the relationship of metabolic syndrome with different grades of AGA.Methods: This prospective hospital based case control study included 100 new clinically diagnosed males of androgenetic alopecia, and age and sex matched control group. Assessment for presence of various components of metabolic syndrome was done following a uniform protocol in cases and controls. AGA was classified as per Hamilton –Narwood classification, grade I to III was classified as mild –moderate and grade IV and higher as severe AGA.Results: Of the 100 male AGA patients (age range 21-50, mean 34.49), 36 had grade II AGA, 24 had grade III AGA, 20 had grade IV AGA, 15 had grade V AGA and 5 had grade VI AGA. Among AGA patients, 60 of patients had mild-moderate AGA and 40 patients had severe AGA. Metabolic syndrome was statistically significantly more common in patients with AGA compared to controls. Among patients of AGA, metabolic syndrome was statistically significantly present in severe AGA compared to mild-moderate AGA. Among the evaluated parameters, like blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, dyslipedemia, abdominal obesity, all were significantly more common in AGA patients compared to controls except abdominal obesity.Conclusions: In the present study, metabolic syndrome was found to be 4.6 times more common in patients of androgenetic alopecia as compared to controls, being statistically significant, and more common in those with severe grades. This suggests that androgenetic alopecia patients especially with severe grades are at risk of metabolic syndrome and other cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Correlation of PID and multiparity: a case control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Shikha Pandey ◽  
Ramesh Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Design Case ◽  
Control Study

Background: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) has emerged as a silent killer that disturbs women's life. In the rural population of India, most women are usually not aware of symptoms of PID. They do not move for health care unless alarming symptoms develop. The objective of present study is to find out to find out correlation between PID & multiparity.Methods: The present study was conducted at Government Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar. Study design:  Case control, Participants: Females attending obstetrics & gynecology department OPD, Sample size: Total 150  cases & same number (150) of controls. Statistics: Chi – square test.Results: The odds ratio (OR) was 0.69 with 95% confidence interval (CI) being 0.42-1.09 for PID with multiparity as risk factor. Of 143 cases, multiparity was seen in 63 cases (44.05). In 150 controls, it was seen in 80 (53.33%). The variation was not statistically significant (p = 0.141). The Odds Ratio with in exepertise as a risk factor for PID was 2.41 with 95% CI being 1.78-3.27. Result shows etiological fraction of 58.5% (CI 43.9-69.4%) among inexpert hands. The delivery in untrained hands was significantly higher in cases (p 0.00001).Conclusions: This study does not show multiparity to be a risk factor but delivery conducted by untrained hands was as a risk factor. 

Association of Serum Homocysteine Level and Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: A Case-control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Mohammadali Nazarinia ◽  
Asghar Zare ◽  
Mohammad javad Fallahi ◽  
Mesbah Shams
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lung Involvement ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

Background:Systemic sclerosis is a disorder of connective tissue with unknown cause, affecting the skin and internal organs, characterized by fibrotic changes.Objective:To determine the correlation between serum homocysteine level and interstitial lung involvement in systemic sclerosis. </P><P> Materials and Methods: In this case – control study, 59 patients who fulfilled the ACR/EULAR classification criteria for systemic sclerosis and were referred to Hafez Hospital of Shiraz, Iran, were included as the case group. Fifty nine healthy subjects were involved as the control group. Patients were divided into two groups based on interstitial lung involvement and two subtypes, diffuse and limited type. Serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate levels compared between the controls, and cases groups.Results:Of 59 case and control group, 53 (%89.8) were female and the mean age did not differ in both groups (P=0.929). Thirty five (%59.3) patients had interstitial lung involvement and 38(%64.4) had diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. The mean serum homocysteine level was 13.9±6.3 µmol/L in the case and 13.7±9.2 µmol/L in the control group (P=0.86). The mean serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients with and without interstitial lung involvement (P=0.52). The patients with lung involvement was older than those without lung involvement (P=0.004). Lung disease was more common in diffuse type (P=0.014).Conclusion:In our study, serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients and healthy subjects. Also, there was no correlation between serum homocysteine level and lung involvement, but lung involvement was more common in older patients and also diffuse subtype.

scholarly journals A case–control study in France showing that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with a higher risk of breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariem Hajji-Louati ◽  
Emilie Cordina-Duverger ◽  
Nasser Laouali ◽  
Francesca-Romana Mancini ◽  
Pascal Guénel
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Breast Cancer Subtype ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Tumor Subtype ◽  
Control Study

AbstractDietary regimens promoting inflammatory conditions have been implicated in breast cancer development, but studies on the association between pro-inflammatory diet and breast cancer risk have reported inconsistent results. We investigated the association between the inflammatory potential of diet and breast cancer risk in a case–control study in France including 872 breast cancer cases and 966 population controls. All women completed a food frequency questionnaire that was used to compute a Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) based on the inflammatory weight of 33 dietary components. The DII ranged from a median of − 3.22 in the lowest quartile (anti-inflammatory) to + 2.96 in the highest quartile (pro-inflammatory). The odds ratio contrasting quartile 4 to quartile 1 was 1.31 (95% CI 1.00, 1.73; p-trend = 0.02). Slightly higher odds ratios were observed in post-menopausal women, particularly those with body mass index > 25 kg/m2 (odds ratio 1.62; 95% CI 0.92, 2.83; p-trend = 0.02), and among ever smokers (odds ratio 1.71; 95% CI 1.11, 2.65; p-trend 0.01). The analyses by breast cancer subtype showed that the DII was associated with breast tumors that expressed either the estrogen (ER) or progesterone (PR) hormone receptors or the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER2), but no association was seen for the triple negative breast tumor subtype. Our results add further evidence that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with breast cancer risk with possible effect variation according to tumor subtype.

scholarly journals Plasma acylcarnitines and risk of lower-extremity functional impairment in older adults: a nested case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Félix Caballero ◽  
Ellen A. Struijk ◽  
Alberto Lana ◽  
Antonio Buño ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractElevated concentrations of acylcarnitines have been associated with higher risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between L-carnitine and acylcarnitine profiles, and 2-year risk of incident lower-extremity functional impairment (LEFI). This case–control study is nested in the Seniors-ENRICA cohort of community-dwelling older adults, which included 43 incident cases of LEFI and 86 age- and sex- matched controls. LEFI was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery. Plasma L-carnitine and 28 acylcarnitine species were measured. After adjusting for potential confounders, medium-chain acylcarnitines levels were associated with 2-year incidence of LEFI [odds ratio per 1-SD increase: 1.69; 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 2.64; p = 0.02]. Similar results were observed for long-chain acylcarnitines [odds ratio per 1-SD increase: 1.70; 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 2.80; p = 0.04]. Stratified analyses showed a stronger association between medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines and incidence of LEFI among those with body mass index and energy intake below the median value. In conclusion, higher plasma concentrations of medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines were associated with higher risk of LEFI. Given the role of these molecules on mitochondrial transport of fatty acids, our results suggest that bioenergetics dysbalance contributes to LEFI.

scholarly journals Parental risk factors for congenital diaphragmatic hernia – a large German case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Schulz ◽  
Ekkehart Jenetzky ◽  
Nadine Zwink ◽  
Charlotte Bendixen ◽  
Florian Kipfmueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Parental Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Evidence for periconceptional or prenatal environmental risk factors for the development of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is still scarce. Here, in a case-control study we investigated potential environmental risk factors in 199 CDH patients compared to 597 healthy control newborns. Methods The following data was collected: time of conception and birth, maternal BMI, parental risk factors such as smoking, alcohol or drug intake, use of hairspray, contact to animals and parental chronic diseases. CDH patients were born between 2001 and 2019, all healthy control newborns were born in 2011. Patients and control newborns were matched in the ratio of three to one. Results Presence of CDH was significantly associated with maternal periconceptional alcohol intake (odds ratio = 1.639, 95% confidence interval 1.101–2.440, p = 0.015) and maternal periconceptional use of hairspray (odds ratio = 2.072, 95% confidence interval 1.330–3.229, p = 0.001). Conclusion Our study suggests an association between CDH and periconceptional maternal alcohol intake and periconceptional maternal use of hairspray. Besides the identification of novel and confirmation of previously described parental risk factors, our study underlines the multifactorial background of isolated CDH.

scholarly journals Risk factors of dengue fever in an urban area in Vietnam: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thang Nguyen-Tien ◽  
Duy Cuong Do ◽  
Xuan Luat Le ◽  
Thi Hai Dinh ◽  
Mats Lindeborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Dengue is a mosquito-borne flavivirus present in many metropolitan cities of tropical countries. Methods During and after the dengue season (September 2018 to January 2019), we conducted a case-control study in order to determine the risk factors for dengue fever in Hanoi city, Vietnam. 98 dengue patients and 99 patients with other acute infections, such as Hepatitis B virus infection, were recruited at Department of Infectious Disease of Bach Mai national hospital in Hanoi. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire covering demographic, housing, environmental factors and knowledge, attitude, and practice on dengue prevention and control. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the risk factors of dengue status. Results The mean score of knowledge items and practice items was only 7.9 out of total 19 points and 3.9 out of total 17 points, respectively. While the mean score of attitude items was 4.8 out of total 6 points. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that older patients had lesser risk of getting dengue infection as compared to younger adults aged 16–30, and patients living in peri-urban districts were less likely to suffer of dengue fever than patients living in central urban districts (OR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.13–0.75). This study could not find any association with occupation, water storage habit, knowledge, attitude, or practice on dengue prevention. Conclusions All patients had a relatively low level of knowledge and practice on dengue prevention and control. However, the attitude of the participants was good. We found that age group and living district were the risk factors correlated with the dengue status. Communication programs on raising dengue awareness should be repeated all year round and target particular groups of adolescents, younger adults, landlords and migrants from other provinces to improve their knowledge and encourage them to implement preventive measures against dengue fever.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document