scholarly journals معاشرے کو فتنوں سے محفوظ رکھنے کے مناہج وتدابیراحادیث نبویہ کی روشنی میں

rahatulquloob ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kamran Khan ◽  
Prof Dr Ali Asghar Chishti
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Human Attitude ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Behavior

The article aims to highlight the methods of avoiding "fitan" in the light of tradit-ions of prophet Muhammad (PBUH), The literature of Hadiths of prophet Muhammad (PBUH) regarding "Fitan" has been discussed by Muhadditheen under the title of "Kitab-ul-Fitan", which deals with the issues caused by intemperate human behavior, self-directed interests, and subsequent endeavors to gratify them. Confrontation, collusion of interests, infighting and so on-are the offshoots of these immoderate human attitude and behavior. Hadiths of Prophet Muhammad are beacon of light; and impart such instructions and guidance in the realm of virtues and vices, which have panacea to uproot all these crookedness and gaps found in human nature and behavior. It has such a celestial message and guidance, which cannot only uproot all evasiveness from human nature, but also to safeguard a society at large. The right understanding and compre-hension of the crux of these Hadiths is paramount and crucial in this regard. Therefore, this research paper deals with this crucial issue and expounds right course of action in this regard. The method of study adopted in this paper is descriptive and analytical.

Gaps and Inconsistencies in Modern Evolutionary Thought

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane West-Eberhard
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Adaptive Design ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Evolutionary Thought ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Behavior

One of the oldest unresolved controversies in evolutionary biology—and a source of many bitter arguments and failed revolutions—concerns the relation between nature and nurture in the evolution of adaptive design. In modern evolutionary biology there is still a gap between the conclusions of a genetical theory for the origin and spread of new traits, and the observed nature of the traits being explained, the manifest phenotypes, always products of genes and environment. This gap is especially clear in discussions of adaptively flexible morphology and behavior. How are complex adaptively flexible traits constructed during evolution? Remarkable adaptability is shown by humble plants and animals. I see a young female Polistes wasp approach the dominant queen of her colony and adopt a subordinant position that condemns her to permanent sterility and serfdom. Yet she has done the right thing in Darwinian terms, for she genetically profits by helping to rear her despotic sister’s young. How should we explain such behavior? Should we visualize the spread of genes for flexibility and altruism, and the eventual construction of a genetic capacity for environmental assessment and social judgment? Or is the evolutionary construction of such complex abilities something other than an accumulation of modifier alleles, selected gradually and independently, one by one? It is not surprising that students of human behavior have been among the first to complain about the failure of evolutionary biology to deal effectively with complex adaptive plasticity. Anthropologists, for example, have good reason to question the explanations of a strongly gene-centered sociobiology. Human behavior is essentially circumstantial. We know intuitively that our phenotypes are molded by our environments—by mothers, fathers, schoolteachers, economics, and accidents of history. But in this respect human nature is like every other phenotype of every other animal or plant. A phenotype is a product of both genotype and environment.

Reason and necessity: Thucydides iii 9–14, 37–48

1978 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 64-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
The Right

The speeches concerning the Mytilenean revolt in Thucydides III present three speakers trying to justify or commend a decision: they are, in Aristotelian terms, examples of symbuleutic oratory. The purpose of such oratory is naturally to identify the right course of action, to achieve ϵὐβουλία. But Thucydides is writing about facts; he is also intensely aware of human nature, a force more powerful than reason. So his characters cannot be simply models of wisdom. They are human beings, and they feel the pressure of war or empire. Thus the rhetoric which they employ to convince their hearers is for the historian a way of discovering to his readers the limits, or the failures, as well as the powers, of reasoning; and in this exposure of human weakness Thucydides' work is both rationalistic and tragic, an analysis of human error, be it corrigible or otherwise. If, then, he puts into his speakers' mouths the arguments he himself thought they should have used (i 22.1 τὰ δέοντα), he does so in the service of historical truth (i 22.4 τὸ σαφές). Reality is portrayed realistically, through a portrayal of the minds of those who were part of it; for all action must originate from beliefs and be contemplated through them. Further, the complex or problematical nature of reality is mirrored in his speakers' opposing interpretations of the issues at stake.

scholarly journals Theoretical arc of goalkeeper position in team sports. Case study: football

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Anna M. Barańska ◽  
Konrad Eckes
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
Random Event ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
Geometric Point ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The current position of the goalkeeper in football is a function of the course of action and each momentary position of the ball. The goalkeeper monitors the action and the place of a potential shot; however, this shot on goal is a random event. That is why it is so important to take a position in the closest goal area that takes account of the random nature of the ball’s direction. The basic principle of the strategy is to create equal opportunities for defence on the left and on the right. Using the language of geometry, this position can be placed on the bisector of the angle at which the goal can be seen from the potential shooting position. At the beginning of this research paper, the advantages associated with the goalkeeper slightly coming off the goal line along this bisector have been presented, as well as certain restrictions related. Further in the article, the task of determining the theoretical curve along which the goalkeeper should move has been undertaken. Geometrically correct, but unfavourable in practical terms, two circles, Cassini oval, a composition of the arcs of two circles and a segment of the straight line as well as the arc of the ellipse have been considered. In the second part of the paper, the point analysis of the goalkeeper’s position has been changed into real conditions – a defence zone equal to the goalkeeper’s arms’ reach has been taken into account. For these conditions, a curve has been determined, composed of two arcs of the circles and the arc of the ellipse. A detailed analysis has led to the conclusion that the discrepancy between such an arc and a homogeneous arc of the ellipse is practically negligible. Therefore, both arcs: the one composed of parts and the homogeneous one of the ellipse – can be accepted as rational and practically alternative. In this research paper, the problem has been analysed from the geometric point of view, taking into consideration a shot on goal that is a random event for the goalkeeper. The proposed theoretical goalkeeper arc ensures an optimal position, taking account of the shots coming from different directions, from the zone close to the penalty area.

scholarly journals Pendidikan Nilai sebagai Suatu Strategi dalam Pembentukan Kepribadian Siswa

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyah Kusuma Windrati
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Behavior

<p>Value education serves to help students understand, appreciate, make the right decisions in a variety of personal problems, families, communities and countries that are expected to eliminate the arrogance that often occur. The value planting approaches (inculcation approach) is an approach that gives emphasis <br />on the cultivation of social values in students. While the method used in this <br />learning process are: Modeling, positive reinforcement, and negative, simulations, role games, etc. There are two views about the value. First, the value is the highest measure of human behavior and upheld by a group of people and used as guidance in attitude and behavior. Both values are dependent on fishing and feelings of people who are subject to certain phenomena. Value education methods that include: 1) method of advising (moralizing), 2) method of all to let 3) methods of model (modeling), 4) method of VCT (Value Clarification Technique). The concept of ideals in education according to Ki Hajar Dewantara main emphasis is ' ing ngarso sung tulodo' through ing ngarso sung tulodo educators showing they ideals in the form of behavior, speech, how to get along, deeds, scolds and so on. </p>

Rational Decision Making, Dual Processes, and Framing

2011 ◽  
pp. 757-765
Author(s):  
Todd McElroy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Favorable Outcome ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Dual Processes ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Wait And See ◽  
The Right

Decisions, decisions, decisions, we are constantly faced with them everyday. Should I get out of bed or sleep 10 more minutes? Should I hit the delete key or save as a new document? Should I take the dishes to the sink or wait and see if my spouse will do it? Inherent in most decisions is the tradeoff between some benefit and decrement we may face along with an element of risk. The course of action that we choose to take has always been of interest to scholars. Fitting the principles of decision-making into an a priori developed plan to choose which alternative is “best” is, by and large, what most consider to be rationality. Because the decisions that we make have so much influence in our life, their importance cannot and should not be underestimated. While we cannot always know which decision will eventually hold the greatest benefit, it is an aspect of human nature to gamble on the best option, but only when the gamble seems warranted. Determining what is the “rational” choice allows us to at least rest easy in the assumption that the decisions that we have made are the right ones. Interestingly, as time immortal has shown, making the right or “rational” decision does not always provide the most favorable outcome.

Analysis on Research Paper Publication Recommendation System with Composition of Papers and Conferences Matrices

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Htay Htay Win ◽  
Aye Thida Myint ◽  
Mi Cho Cho
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Dimensionality Reduction ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Recommendation System ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Topic Modelling ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
The Right ◽  
Publication Recommendation

For years, achievements and discoveries made by researcher are made aware through research papers published in appropriate journals or conferences. Many a time, established s researcher and mainly new user are caught up in the predicament of choosing an appropriate conference to get their work all the time. Every scienti?c conference and journal is inclined towards a particular ?eld of research and there is a extensive group of them for any particular ?eld. Choosing an appropriate venue is needed as it helps in reaching out to the right listener and also to further one’s chance of getting their paper published. In this work, we address the problem of recommending appropriate conferences to the authors to increase their chances of receipt. We present three di?erent approaches for the same involving the use of social network of the authors and the content of the paper in the settings of dimensionality reduction and topic modelling. In all these approaches, we apply Correspondence Analysis (CA) to obtain appropriate relationships between the entities in question, such as conferences and papers. Our models show hopeful results when compared with existing methods such as content-based ?ltering, collaborative ?ltering and hybrid ?ltering.

Analytical Study of Violence Theme in Victoria Schwab’s This Savage Song

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Aggressive Approach ◽  
Research Article ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Right

This research article focuses on the theme of violence and its representation by the characters of the novel “This Savage Song” by Victoria Schwab. How violence is transmitted through genes to next generations and to what extent socio- psycho factors are involved in it, has also been discussed. Similarly, in what manner violent events and deeds by the parents affect the psychology of children and how it inculcates aggressive behaviour in their minds has been studied. What role is played by the parents in grooming the personality of children and ultimately their decisions to choose the right or wrong way has been argued. In the light of the theory of Judith Harris, this research paper highlights all the phenomena involved: How the social hierarchy controls the behaviour. In addition, the aggressive approach of the people in their lives has been analyzed in the light of the study of second theorist Thomas W Blume. As the novel is a unique representation of supernatural characters, the monsters, which are the products of some cruel deeds, this research paper brings out different dimensions of human sufferings with respect to these supernatural beings. Moreover, the researcher also discusses that, in what manner the curse of violence creates an inevitable vicious cycle of cruel monsters that makes the life of the characters turbulent and miserable.

Prinsip Dasar Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Dalam Islam

AKADEMIKA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Misbahul Khoir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
The Government ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
And Behavior

In order for humans could reach the so-called falah (goodness), human behavior needs to be colored with the spirit and norms of Islamic economics reflected in its values. The principles and values of Islamic economics are considerably two inseparable things. The implementation of economic principles without being colored with values or values without being based on principles could keep people far away from their purpose, namely falah. The implementation of values not based on principles will tend to bring with it the normative economics, which would cause it trapped into injustice. While the implementation of values on the Islamic economic development is based on the five universal values, namely akidah (belief), 'adl (justice), nubuwwah (prophetic), khilafah (the government), and ma'ad (results). The five principles are used as the basis for building theories of Islamic economics. But strong and adequate theories not applied into a system will make the Islamic economics just as the study of science without giving positive impact on the economic life. Therefore, based on the five universal values, the three derivative principles should be built into the characteristics and the forerunner of the Islamic economic system. The Islamic economic system makes sure that there are no economic transactions that are contrary to the Shari'a. But business performance depends on the man behind the gun. For that reason, the economic actors within this framework could be held by non-Muslims. The Islamic economics could only be developed if the mindset and behavior of Muslims are already itqan (diligent) and ihsan (professional). It "may be" one of the secrets of the Prophet's statement, saying "Truly I was sent to perfect good character". Because good character could be an indicator of knowing good or bad behavior in determining both the success and the failure of business itself.

Tickets for the Inclusive Museum

2020 ◽  
pp. 390-406
Author(s):  
Magda Nikolaraizi ◽  
Charikleia Kanari ◽  
Marc Marschark
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Learning Experiences ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Participatory Learning ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
And Behavior

In recent years, museums of various kinds have broadened their mission and made systematic efforts to develop a dynamic role in learning by offering a wide range of less formal experiences for individuals with diverse characteristics, including individuals who are deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH). Despite the worthwhile efforts, in the case of DHH individuals, museums frequently neglect to consider their unique communication, cognitive, cultural, and learning characteristics, thus limiting their access and opportunities for fully experiencing what museums have to offer. This chapter examines the potential for creating accessible museum environments and methods that reflect an understanding of the diverse communication, cognitive, cultural, and learning needs of DHH visitors, all of which enhance their access and participation in the museum activities. The role of the physical features of museum spaces for the access and behavior of DHH visitors is emphasized, together with attention to exhibition methods and the communication and cognitive challenges that need to be considered so DHH visitors can get the maximum benefit. The chapter emphasizes the right of individuals who are DHH to nonformal learning and analyzes how museums could become more accessible to DHH individuals by designing, from the beginning, participatory learning experiences that address their diverse needs.

scholarly journals Sacrificing Oneself or Another: The Difference Between Prescriptive and Normative Judgments in Moral Evaluation

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329411989606
Author(s):  
Štěpán Bahník ◽  
Emir Efendic ◽  
Marek A. Vranka
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Moral Evaluation ◽  
Normative Judgment ◽  
Question Wording ◽  
Judgment Type ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Sacrifice ◽  
Normative Judgments

When asked whether to sacrifice oneself or another person to save others, one might think that people would consider sacrificing themselves rather than someone else as the right and appropriate course of action—thus showing an other-serving bias. So far however, most studies found instances of a self-serving bias—people say they would rather sacrifice others. In three experiments using trolley-like dilemmas, we tested whether an other-serving bias might appear as a function of judgment type. That is, participants were asked to make a prescriptive judgment (whether the described action should or should not be done) or a normative judgment (whether the action is right or wrong). We found that participants exhibited an other-serving bias only when asked whether self- or other-sacrifice is wrong. That is, when the judgment was normative and in a negative frame (in contrast to the positive frame asking whether the sacrifice is right). Otherwise, participants tended to exhibit a self-serving bias; that is, they approved sacrificing others more. The results underscore the importance of question wording and suggest that some effects on moral judgment might depend on the type of judgment.

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