Phytopharmacognostical and Chromatographic Evaluation of Leaves of Launaea procumbens

2021 ◽  
pp. 4291-4299
Author(s):  
Brijesh Charadva ◽  
Urvashi Ghataliya ◽  
Pooja Meena ◽  
Krishna Karia ◽  
Tixa Lakhlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent System ◽  
Acid Anhydride ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystal ◽  
Quantitative Microscopy ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Launaea Procumbens

Launaea procumbens leaves are galactagogue, diuretic, antifungal, anorexic, anti-arthritic and hepatoprotective according to Ayurvedic texts as well as modern research. Launaea species, particularly L. pinnatifida, is mentioned as one of the sources of Gojihva, regarding which there is controversy with respect to its true botanical identity. However, no detailed anatomical, phytochemical or chromatographic investigation is available for leaf of L. procumbens which can differentiate it from L. pinnatifida. The aim of this work is to develop standardization parameters of L. procumbens leaves by performing its pharmacognostical evaluation, preliminary phytochemical screening, HPTLC and GC-MS fingerprints. Pharmacognostic investigation of the leaves was performed by its morphological study, qualitative and quantitative microscopy as well as powder microscopy. Extraction of leaves was done by maceration using methanol. This extract was used for preliminary phytochemical screening and chemoprofiling by GC-MS, as well as for developing its HPTLC fingerprint. A mobile phase system was developed by pilot TLC, following which an HPTLC fingerprint was performed using the solvent system chloroform: methanol: ethyl acetate (3:7:6). Diagnostic microscopic characters identified in powder include unicellular covering trichome, xylem vessels, anomocytic stomata, and prisms of calcium oxalate crystal. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phytoconstituents classes like phenolics, anthraquinones, saponin glycosides, carbohydrates, sterols, triterpenoids and flavonoids. HPTLC fingerprinting detected 6 peaks with Rf 0.25, 0.37, 0.41, 0.50, 0.65, 0.78 at 254nm and 4 peaks with Rf 0.32, 0.37, 0.50, 0.66 at 366nm. GC-MS fingerprint revealed presence of propanoic acid anhydride, valeric anhydride, 2- Pyrrolidine acetic acid, phthalan, 5- (Hydroxy methyl)-2-(dimethoxy methyl) furan, vanillin, methyl β-l-Arabino pyranoside, 1,6-anhydro-β-D-Gluco pyranose and 6-Methyl-2-Heptanone, 6-(3,5-dimethyl-2-furanyl). Present study will be very useful for herbal industry in differentiating Launaea procumbens from other species of the genus Launaea, particularly L. pinnatifida (Gojihva) as well as for authentication, standardization and detection of adulteration in the leaf formulations of Launaea procumbens.

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT EVALUATION OF PERGULARIA DAEMIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
GITA MISHRA ◽  
HEMESHWER KUMAR CHANDRA ◽  
NISHA SAHU ◽  
SATENDRA KUMAR NIRALA ◽  
MONIKA BHADAURIA
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Evaluation ◽  
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

Pergularia daemia belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae, known to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory activity. Aim of the present study was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative phytochemical and antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts of leaf, stem and root parts of P. daemia . Preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant properties were evaluated by standard methods. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of P. daemia showed presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloid, phytosterol, carbohydrate, phenol, saponin, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids proteins and reducing sugars. Quantitative analysis showed polyphenol, flavonoid, flavonone, flavone and flavonol in P. daemia leaves, stem and root in considerable quantity. The in vitro antioxidant activity of P. daemia clearly demonstrated that leaf, stem and root parts have prominent antioxidant properties and was effective in scavenging free radicals.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE ROOT OF BERBERIS MICROPHYLLA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cristina Furrianca ◽  
Marysol Alvear ◽  
Tomás Zambrano ◽  
Víctor Fajardo ◽  
Luis Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
First Time

Objective: To objective of this work was to perform phytochemical qualitative and quantitative analyzes of the main secondary metabolites in the root of Berberis microphylla.Methods: The extracts of B. microphylla root were tested through phytochemical screening and the quantification of the most important constituents was carried out using spectrophotometric and gravimetric techniques.Results: Phytochemical screening of both extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, saponins, terpenes,and tannins, which are pharmacologically important. Quantification of the major phytochemicals groups showed that the ethanolic extract contains 3.9% alkaloids, 0.46% flavonoids, 9.53% tannins, and 3.60% saponins. Similarly, the methanolic extract contains 6.61% alkaloids, 0.41% flavonoids, 7.40% tannins, and 1.43% saponins.Conclusion: This is the first time that the presence of tannins, flavonoids, and saponins in this plant has been reported. The medicinal properties of the root of B. microphylla may exist due to the presence secondary metabolites.

EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF AFLATOXIN ON BRICK CHEESE1

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 585-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Shih ◽  
E. H. Marth
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Brick cheese was placed in plastic containers and all surfaces except the top were sealed with wax. The top was inoculated with Aspergillus flavus or Aspergillus parasiticus and cheese was incubated in a humid chamber at 7.2, 12.8, and 23.9 C for up to 14 weeks after mold growth was evident. After incubation each cheese was cut horizontally into four layers, each approximately 1 cm thick. Each layer of cheese was extracted with a monophasic-biphasic solvent system (chloroform, methanol, and water). The extract was purified, concentrated, and aflatoxins were measured by thin-layer chromatography and fluorometry. No aflatoxins were produced by either mold at 7.2 C. At 12.8 C, A. parastticus developed aflatoxins B1 and G1 after 1 week of incubation. Aflatoxin produced by this mold persisted through 4 weeks of storage and then was not detectable. Aspergillus flavus did not form aflatoxin at 12.8 C. Both molds produced aflatoxin on cheese at 23.9 C; A. parasiticus did so after 1 week and A. flavus after 14 weeks. In some instances, aflatoxin was found in cheese 4 cm from the surface. It is reasonable to assume that cheese will not become contaminated with aflatoxin if the food is held at or below 7 C.

scholarly journals PHARMACOGNOSTIC SCREENING STUDIES OF JUSTICIA GENDARUSSA BURM. LEAVES FOUND IN DEHRADUN DISTRICT OF UTTARAKHAND

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Nondita Prasad ◽  
Balbir Singh ◽  
Diksha Puri
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

  Objective: Justicia gendarussa Burm. (family Acanthaceae) commonly known as nilinirgundi, is found in Southern India possesses multifarious biological activities due to large range of phytoconstituents. The present study is designed to evaluate the various pharmacognostic parameters of the leaves of J. gendarussa, found in Dehradun district of Uttarakhand for its authentication.Methods: Fresh leaves were taken for the morphological and microscopical (histology and powder) evaluation. Physicochemical parameters (ash values, extractives values, florescence analysis, microbial contamination, and loss on drying) were also performed. Phytochemical screening and thin-layer chromatographic fingerprinting of extracts were also performed to check the presence of various phytoconstituents.Results: The microscopy of the leaves evinced the presence of anisocytic stomata, cuboidal calcium oxalate crystals, cystoliths, multicellular covering trichomes, starch grains and oil globules. The quantitative estimation of total ash, acid insoluble, and water soluble ash values were 13.8%, 1.2%, and 4.5% w/w, respectively. The alcohol soluble and water soluble extractives were estimated as 11.45% and 15.67% w/w, respectively. Foreign organic matter and loss on drying values obtained were 0.23% and 11.2% w/w. Phytochemical screening of petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts ascertained the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids and triterpenoids. The thin-layer chromatography (TLC) profiling of different extracts revealed the presence of potential compounds which can be further isolated with the help of high-performance liquid chromatography or high-performance TLC.Conclusion: The results of this study provide suitable standards for the authentication of this plant. In the present study, there are certain variations observed from the evaluations done on the same species by other research groups. The probable reason suggested for such disparity is due to the environmental and geographical differences in the locations of the plant collected.

Urate Does Not Influence the Formation of Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Whole Human Urine at pH 5·3

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Hallson ◽  
G. A. Rose ◽  
S. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystal ◽  
Quantitative Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Stones ◽  
Oxalate Crystals

1. Samples of fresh human urine were treated with immobilized uricase to lower urate concentration. Urate was added to yield low, normal and high urate samples. 2. Each sample was rapidly evaporated at pH 5.3 to standard osmolality and the yield of calcium oxalate crystals measured either by semi-quantitative microscopy or fully quantitative radioisotope techniques. 3. Increase of urinary urate did not increase the calcium oxalate crystals formed and may even have had an opposite effect. 4. Allantoin was without significant effect upon calcium oxalate crystal formation. 5. These data provide no support for the suggestion that reducing urate concentrations in the urine may be of value in treatment of patients with calcium oxalate stones.

scholarly journals SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN KANDUNGAN TOTAL FLAVANOID PADA BUAH Carica pubescens Lenne & K. Koch DI KAWASAN BROMO, CANGAR, DAN DATARAN TINGGI DIENG

el–Hayah ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Budi Minarno
Keyword(s):  
Positive Sample ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Carica Pubescens

<p class="Default"><em>Carica  pubescens Lenne &amp; K. Koch is one of the species in the tropics, which adapt to the plateau environment and low temperatures. In Indonesia, this plant is found at Cangar, Bromo, and Dieng Plateau. This study aims to determine the results of phytochemical screening and total flavonoids in fruit samples were taken from the third place. Qualitative and quantitative tests carried out in the Laboratory of Department of Biology and Chemistry, </em><em>Faculty of </em><em>Science and Technology</em><em>, </em><em>Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Malang</em><em>. Analysis of total flavonoids using a spectrophotometer at λ = 510 nm. The results of qualitative phytochemical screening tests on samples of C. pubescens fruits at Cangar, Bromo, and Dieng Plateau shows that the positive sample contains flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and triterpenoids. Quantitative test results show that the C. pubescens at Cangar contains  total flavonoids quercetin equivalent with value 800 mg / L, Bromo with value 816.65 mg / L, and Dieng Plateau with value 633.35 mg / L, respectively.</em></p>

scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Composition of Brachystegia Eurycoma Root, Leaf and Stem Bark

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Steroid Saponin ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Aqueous Solvent ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
High Concentrations

This study assesses the phytochemical screening of Brachystegia eurycoma root, leaf and bark using aqueous solvent. Phytochemical screening was conducted to determine the presence of natural products (alkaloids, tannins, steroid, saponin, phenol, carbohydrate, flavonoid, terpenoid, triterpenoids, quinone and cardial glycoside) using standard procedure. The qualitative phytochemical constituents of Brachystegia eurycoma leaf, root and stem bark revealed the presence Alkaloid, Flavonoid, quinone, tannin, saponin and Terpenoids while Phenol, carbohydrate, steroids and triterpenoids are absent in the leaf, stem bark and root extracts of the plant. Cardiac glycoside was only present in root extracts. The quantitative phytochemical screening of the extracts showed that they had high concentrations of alkaloids and tannins and they were relatively low in Terpenoids. The results evidently specifies aqueous extract of leaf, bark and root of Brachystegia eurycoma contains various bioactive compounds which have various medicinal properties that can be used for the treatment of many diseases. However, isolation of individual phytochemical constituents and subjecting it to the biological activity will definitely provide more fruitful results. Therefore, it is recommended as a plant of phytopharmaceutical importance.

scholarly journals STANDARDIZATION OF HYDROPONIC AND WILD GROWING TEUCRIUM POLIUM L. BY HPLC

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Galstyan H. M ◽  
Dumanyan K. H ◽  
Tsaturyan A. O ◽  
Gukasyan N. H ◽  
Engibaryan A. A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Anhydride ◽  
The Past ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Glycosides ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Teucrium Polium ◽  
Water Fractions ◽  
Teucrium Polium L ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Solution Volume

It was approved that flavonoids (luteoline, apigenin) and phenylpropanoid glycosides verbascoside best separation was implemented by using UM detector and isocratic isolation regime. Depending on the growing conditions main influencing substance quantities fluctuate: in the wild growing plants were synthesized nearly 2 times more than in hydroponic growing plants. For the study were obtained 500 alcoholic extracts from hydroponic and wild growing T. polium. The studied samples before analysis were developed three-chloral-acetic-acid anhydride and centrifuged by 10 minutes 12000 rev/m speeds. The solution volume of each injected analysis was 10 mkl. Then some amount of standard verbascoside, luteolin and apigenin samples were solved in 1ml ethyl alcohol and were filled into the special test tubes for analysis. By T. polium chloroform-methanol and tower chromatography water fractions teupolizoid, verbascoside and poliumozid phenylpropanoid glycosides were separated which Rf were equal to 0.25, 0.5, 0.37 in our researches in the past. These compounds composition was proved by complex spectroscopic methods. They had close structure to each other and verbascoside enclosed peaks in HPLC were supposed that belong to poliumozid and teupoliozid and also was brought the above mentioned compounds quantities by calculating chromatography data. Keywords: Teucrium polium L., wild and hydroponic, HPLC, standardization, verbascoside, apigenine, luteolin.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BLUMEA MOLLIS (D.DON) MERRILL

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
JYOTHILEKSHMY V ◽  
ANJALI NAIR G ◽  
VYSHAK K ◽  
RADHIKA R NAIR ◽  
AMRITA MURALIKRISHNAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Analytical Response ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent

Objective: The objective of this research was to carry out the preliminary phytochemical screening and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of the Blumea mollis. Methods: In the present work, the phytochemicals of the whole plant were extracted using petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, and distilled water. These were then screened for triterpenes/steroids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenolic acids using standard methods. Further, the antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract was determined using Gram-positive and negative bacteria. Agar well diffusion method was employed for antimicrobial activity study, and the zone of inhibition was found out. Results: The intensity of the color produced or the precipitate formed was used as the analytical response to these tests. Flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids showed positive results for phytochemical screening. The concentration of total phenols and flavonoids of the decoction was 45.5±0.2000 μg/ml gallic acid equivalent and 42.3±0.3606 μg/ml quercetin equivalent, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans were inhibited by the methanolic extract of B. mollis in agar well diffusion test. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the methanolic extract of B. mollis contains glycosides, phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids. Plant possesses significant antibacterial and antifungal property; the potent antimicrobial activity of the plant could be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in it.

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